Category Archives: Artificial Intelligence
Justice, Equity, And Fairness: Exploring The Tense Relationship Between Artificial Intelligence And The Law With Joilson Melo – Forbes
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AI is becoming more and more prevalent in society, with many people wondering how it will affect the law. How artificial intelligence is impacting our laws and what we can expect for future technology/legal interactions.
The conversation surrounding the relationship between AI and law also touches quite clearly on the ability to rely on Artificial Intelligence to deliver fair decisions and to enhance the legal systems delivery of equity and justice.
In this article, I share insights from my conversations on this topic with Joilson Melo, a Brazilian law expert, and programmer whose devotion to equity and fairness led to a historic change in the Brazilian legal system in 2019, this change mainly affected the system that controls all processes processed digitally in Brazil, the PJe (Electronic Judicial Process).
As a law student, Melo filed a request for action in the National Council of Justice (CNJ) against the Court of Justice of Mato Grosso, resulting in a decision allowing citizens to file applications in court electronically without a lawyer and within the Special Court, observing the value of the case, so that it does not exceed 20 minimum wages. Melos petition revealed provisions in the law that allowed for this and his victory enforced those provisions. The results for the underprivileged and those who couldnt afford lawyers have been immense.
On the relationship between AI and the Law, Melo remains a bit on the fence;
The purpose of the law is justice, equity, and fairness, says Melo.
Any technology that can enhance that is welcome in the legal arena. Artificial Intelligence has already been shown that it can be as biased as the data that it is fed. This instantly places a greater burden of care on us to ensure that it is adopted through a careful process in the legal space and society at large
The use of AI to predict jury verdicts has been around for quite some time now, but it's unclear whether or not an algorithm can accurately predict human behavior. There have also been studies that prove that machine learning algorithms can be used to help judges make sentencing decisions based on factors such as recidivism rates.
In theory, this seems to solve a glaring problem, the algorithm tools are supposed to predict criminal behavior and help judges make decisions based on data-driven recommendations and not their gut.
However, as Melo explains, this also presents some deep concerns for legal experts, AI risk assessment tools run on algorithms that are trained on historical crime data. In countries like America and many other nations, law enforcement has already been accused of targeting certain minorities and this is shown by the high number of these minorities in prisons. If the same data is fed, the AI is going to be just as biased.
Melo continues, Besides, the Algorithms turn correlative insights into causal insights. If the data shows that a particular neighborhood is correlated with high recidivism, it doesnt prove that this neighborhood caused recidivism in any given case. These are things that a Judge should be able to tell from his observations. Anything less is a far cry from justice, unless we figure out a way to cure the data.
As we continue developing smarter technologies, data protection becomes an increasingly important issue. This includes protecting private information from hackers and complying with GDPR standards across all industries that collect personal data about their customers.
Apart from the GDPR, not many countries have passed targeted laws that affect big data. According to the 2018 Technology Survey by the International Legal Technology Association, 100 percent of law firms with 700 or more lawyers use AI tools or are pursuing AI projects.
If this trend continues and meets with the willingness of courts and judges to adopt AI, then they would eventually fall into the category of companies that need to abide by the data protection rules. Client/Attorney privilege could be at risk of a hack and court decisions as well.
The need for stringent local laws that help regulate how data is received and managed has never been more clear, and this is why it is shocking that many governments have not acted faster.
Joilson Melo
Many governments have an unholy alliance with tech giants and the companies that deal most with data, says Melo.
These companies are at the front of national development and are the most attractive national propositions for investments. Leaders do not want to stifle them or be seen as impeding technological advancement. However, if the law must apply equally, governments should take a cue from the GDPR and start now before we see privacy violation worse than we already have.
As Artificial Intelligence becomes more ingrained in our lives, so do the legal issues that surround it.
One of the most prevalent legal questions is whether machines should be allowed to possess self-driving cars and deadly weapons. Self-driving cars are already on the market but they have a long way to go before they could replace human drivers. The technology has not been perfected yet and will require huge strides forward before we can say with certainty that these vehicles are safe for society at large.
The larger concerns about these touch on how easily these algorithms can be hacked and influenced externally.
AI and Weapons/War Crimes: The possibility of autonomous weapons systems has been touted in many spheres as a powerful way to identify and eliminate threats. This has come against strong pushback for obvious reasons. Empathy, concession, and a certain big-picture approach have always played crucial roles in war and border security. These are traits that we still cannot inculcate into an algorithm.
Human Rights Questions: One of the main questions that arise in the area of human rights is with regards to algorithmic transparency. There have been reports of people losing jobs, being denied loans, and being put on no-fly zones with no explanation other than, it was an algorithmic determination.
If this pattern persists the risk to human rights is enormous. The questions of cybersecurity vulnerabilities, AI bias, and lack of contestability are also concerns that touch on human rights.
Melos concern seems more targetted at the law and how it can be preserved as an arbiter of justice and enforcer of human rights and he rightly points out the implications of leaving these questions unanswered;
Deciding not to adopt AI in society and legal systems is deciding not to move forward as a civilization, Melo comments.
However, deciding to adopt AI blindly would see us move back into a barbaric civilization.I believe that the best approach is to take a piece-meal approach towards adoption; take a step, spot the problems, eliminate them and then take another step.
The law and legal practitioners stand to gain a lot from a proper adoption of AI into the legal system. Legal research is one area that AI has already begun to help out with. AI can streamline the thousands of results an internet or directory search would otherwise provide, offerring a smaller digestible handful of relevant authorities for legal research. This is already proving helpful and with more targeted machine learning it would only get better.
The possible benefits go on; automated drafts of documents and contracts, document review, and contract analysis are some of those considered imminent.
Many have even considered the possibilities of AI in helping with more administrative functions like the appointment of officers and staff, administration of staff, and making the citizens aware of their legal rights.
A future without AI seems bleak and laborious for most industries including the legal and while we must march on, we must be cautious about our strategies for adoption. This point is better put in the words of Joilson Melo; The possibilities are endless, but the burden of care is very heavy we must act and evolve with cautiously.
Are Governments Ready For Artificial Intelligence? Role of AI in the Public Sector Post Pandemic – BBN Times
AI can improve populations lives by providing better services in the following aspects:
Source: Capgemini
The COVID-19 crisis has sped up the adoption of artificial intelligence in the sector.
Since the pandemic started, governments used artificial intelligence in the following aspects:
Sources: European Commission & IPOL
With the on-going pandemic, governments are rethinking and reconfiguring their business models to navigate the uncertainties of the post COVID-19 world, they have started realising the potential of artificial intelligence to increase resilience, spot growth opportunities and drive innovation.
Source: Deloitte Analysis
To get the best out of AI, governments need to start viewing artificial intelligence as a necessity rather than a luxury by:
Taken together, these benefits would equip public sector organizations to move beyond process optimization to deliver world class services and tackle long-term global challenges.
Source: Nesta
Governments face particular barriers to deploying AI on a bigger scale. Not surprisingly, the historically low levels of IT investment in the public sector have slowed the introduction of AI in the public sector.
The fundamental AI infrastructure hasnt been upgraded yet in the public sector.
The lack of data scientists in the public sector is also another reason AI is spreading so slowly.
Government will need to be far more transparent than the private sector when it comes to adopting and using AI.
Artificial intelligence won't render humans obsolete. It will destroy some positions and create new jobs. While its true some roles may disappear as a result of artificial intelligence, other new roles to support its adoption will emerge such as machine trainers, conversational specialists and automation experts.
If governments do not get the balance right, real artificial intelligence will remain out of reach post pandemic. The good news is that citizens are already used to interacting with AI in the commercial space via bots and digital assistants, so its important that governments do not fall far behind.
Source: Allianz Global Investors
Governments need to understand the value of the human factor in realizing the full potential of artificial intelligence.
A digital state will soon become a reality. Governments must make sure that their employees have the necessary skills and resources to thrive. Upskill citizens to get the most from digital public services and the wider global economy will prosper.
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Are Governments Ready For Artificial Intelligence? Role of AI in the Public Sector Post Pandemic - BBN Times
Investment Alert: Top 5 Artificial Intelligence Stocks to Buy at the Dip – Analytics Insight
Investors have realized that major disruptive technologies such as AI have a high chance to thrive in the tech-driven future. Tech companies are focused on creating and manufacturing new innovations with artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms to raise the standard of living in the global society. Thus, the demand for artificial intelligence stocks is also rising at an increasing rate. Investment in AI stocks can help to gain higher revenue instead of a massive loss because the tech stock market is not highly volatile like the cryptocurrency market. There are some ups and downs in the artificial intelligence stocks due to the impact on the demand for the COVID-19 pandemic. Some of these stocks have the potential to rise in the future despite experiencing a dip. Lets explore the top 5 AI stocks at the dip, which could rise to big heights in the future.
Splunk
Spunk is one of the tech companies that provide solutions to ensure success in the digital needs of clients. The flexible platform and purpose-built solutions scale with clients as the data and company evolves. Splunk has experienced a dip of -5.8% in its artificial intelligence stock in 2021 due to the ongoing pandemic. But the tech company is expecting a bounce in revenue in the upcoming months owing to the change in the situation. The AI stock at dip showed a downtrend for over six months but it has been in an uptrend since June 2021. Investment in AI stock is lucrative now because the current price of this artificial intelligence stock is US$149.89 with a market cap of US$24.21 billion.
Teladoc Health
Teladoc Health is known as the worlds only integrated virtual care system for delivering and empowering whole-person health. The tech company experienced a dip at the beginning of 2021 and the AI stock showed a downward trend with over 24% in February despite having positive revenue in the fourth quarter of 2020. Investors are expecting positive growth in this artificial intelligence stock with a good performance from the tech company. Teledoc Health expects to reach US$265 million with adjustments in earnings through interests and taxes. The market cap, at the beginning of 2021, was US$42 million but now it is US$22.08 billion with a current price of US$138.67.
Verastem Inc.
Verastem Inc. is known as a biopharmaceutical company that engages in the development and commercialization of drugs to cure cancer. The AI stock at dip was presented due to its capital-raising efforts. Investors are expecting a rise in one of the top artificial intelligence stocks in 2021 because the current price is US$2.99 with a market cap of US$540.47 million. Recently, the investment in the AI stock is lucrative now because the company experienced positive growth owing to its Phase FRAME study in VS-6766 for low-grade serous ovarian cancer.
Twilio Inc.
Twilio has experienced a sharp dip with a plunge ranging from 5.6% to 4.7%. The second quarter showed positive growth in revenue of US$668.90 million with an adjusted loss per share of US$0.11 despite having expectations of yielding US$598.37 million as revenue with a loss per share of US$0.13. Twilio is expanding its customer base and participating in acquisitions with top companies in the tech-driven market. The growing ecosystem of cloud-based communications tools is attracting the eyes of investors in 2021 towards the artificial intelligence stock. Twilio is one of the popular tech companies that provides a cloud-based communication platform to allow developers to operate customer engagement within the software applications across the world. The investment in AI stock is lucrative now because of the current artificial intelligence stock price of US$349 and a market cap of US$61.82 billion.
Pinterest, Inc.
Pinterest is a popular tech company that experienced an AI stock dip recently. The companys stocks have fallen to 25% in value since July 2021. The dip is anticipated to be a temporary setback for investors with a loss of 24 million users from the previous quarters. There is still a lot of revenue growth to be earned despite having a second-quarter ARPU at an 89% increase. Investors and analysts expect a rise in revenue of 53% to US$2.6 billion in 2021 with a current price of US$54.18 with a market cap of US$34.93 billion.
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Investment Alert: Top 5 Artificial Intelligence Stocks to Buy at the Dip - Analytics Insight
Artificial intelligence predicts the risk of recurrence for women with the most common breast cancer – EurekAlert
21-09-2021, New York, NY and Paris, France The RACE AI study conducted by Gustave Roussy and the startup Owkin, as part of the AI for Health Challenge organized by the Ile-de-France Region in 2019, was presented as a proffered paper at ESMO (European Society of Medical Oncology). This study shows that thanks to deep learning analysis applied to digitized pathology slides, artificial intelligence can classify patients with localized breast cancer between high risk and low risk of metastatic relapse in the next five years . This AI could thus become an aid to therapeutic decision making and avoid unnecessary chemotherapy and its impact on personal, professional and social lives for low risk women. This is one of the first proofs of concept illustrating the power of an AI model for identifying parameters associated with relapse that the human brain could not detect.
With 59,000 new cases per year, breast cancer ranks first among cancers in women, clearly ahead of lung cancer and colorectal cancer. It is also the cancer that causes the greatest number of deaths in women, with 14%1 of female cancer deaths in 2018,. 80%1 of breast cancers are said to be hormone-sensitive or hormone-dependent. But these cancers are extremely heterogeneous and about 20% of patients will relapse with distant metastasis.
RACE AI is a retrospective study that was conducted on a cohort of 1400 patients managed at Gustave-Roussy between 2005 and 2013 for localized hormone-sensitive (HR+, HER2-) breast cancer. These women were treated with surgery, radiotherapy, hormone therapy, and sometimes chemotherapy to reduce the risk of distant relapse.
Chemotherapy is not routinely administered because not all women will benefit from it due to a naturally favorable prognosis. The practitioner's choice is based on clinico-pathological criteria (age of the patient, size and aggressiveness of the tumor, lymph node invasion, etc.) and the decision to administer or not adjuvant chemotherapy varies between oncology centers. Genomic signatures exist today to help identify women who benefit from chemotherapy, but they are not recommended by the French National Authority for Health and are not reimbursed by the French National Health Insurance (although they are included on the RIHN reimbursement list), which makes their access and use heterogeneous in France.
Gustave Roussy and Owkin have taken up the challenge of proposing a new method that is simple, inexpensive and easy to use in all oncology centers as a therapeutic decision-making tool. Ultimately, the goal is to direct patients identified as being at high risk towards new innovative therapies and to avoid unnecessary chemotherapy for low-risk patients.
In the RACE AI study, Owkin's Data Scientists, guided by Gustave Roussy's research physicians, developed an AI model capable of reliably assessing the risk of relapse with an AUC of 81% to help the practitioner determine the benefit/risk balance of chemotherapy. This calculation is based on the patient's clinical data combined with the analysis of stained and digitized histological slides of the tumor. These slides, used daily in pathology departments by anatomo-pathologists, contain very rich and decisive information for the management of cancer. It is not necessary to develop a new technique or to equip a specific technical platform. The only essential equipment is a slide scanner, which is a common piece of equipment in laboratories. Like an office scanner that digitizes text, this scanner digitizes the morphological information present on the slide.
The results of this first study by the Owkin and Gustave Roussy teams open up strong prospects and next steps include prospectively validating the model on an independent cohort of patients treated outside Gustave Roussy. If the results are confirmed, through providing reliable information to clinicians, this AI tool will prove to be a valuable aid to therapeutic decisions.
1Institut national du cancer(France):
https://www.e-cancer.fr/Patients-et-proches/Les-cancers/Cancer-du-sein/Hormonotherapie
Source
ESMO 2021 Oral Session
Proffered paper: Translational research
Prediction of distant relapse in patients with invasive breast cancer from deep learning models applied to digital pathology slides
Prsentation n 1124O Channel 5 14h20-14h30 Sunday 19th Septembre 2021
Speaker : Ingrid J. Garberis, Gustave Roussy
About Gustave Roussy
Classed as the leading European Cancer Centre and the fifth on the world stage, Gustave Roussy is a centre with comprehensive expertise and is devoted entirely to patients suffering with cancer. The Institute is a founding member of the Paris Saclay Cancer Cluster. It is a source of diagnostic and therapeutic advances. It caters for almost 50,000 patients per year and its approach is one that integrates research, patient care and teaching. It is specialized in the treatment of rare cancers and complex tumors and it treats all cancers in patients of any age. Its care is personalized and combines the most advanced medical methods with an appreciation of the patients human requirements. In addition to the quality of treatment offered, the physical, psychological and social aspects of the patients life are respected. 3,200 health professionals work on its two campuses: Villejuif and Chevilly-Larue. Gustave Roussy brings together the skills, which are essential for the highest quality research in oncology: a quarter of patients treated are included in clinical trials.
For further information: http://www.gustaveroussy.fr/en, Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn, Instagram
About Owkin
Owkin is a French-American startup that specialises in AI and Federated Learning for medical research. Owkins mission is to connect the global healthcare industry through the safe and responsible use of data and application of artificial intelligence, for faster and more effective research. Owkin was founded in 2016 by Dr Thomas Clozel M.D., a clinical research doctor and former assistant professor in clinical hematology, and Dr Gilles Wainrib, Ph.D., a pioneer in the field of artificial intelligence in biology.
Owkin leverages life science and machine learning expertise to make drug development and clinical trial design more targeted and cost effective. Owkin applies its cutting-edge machine learning algorithms across a broad network of academic medical centers, creating dynamic models that not only predicts disease evolution and treatment outcomes, but can also be used in clinical trials for enhanced analysis, high-value subgroup identification, development of novel biomarkers, and the creation of both synthetic control arms and surrogate endpoints. The end result? Better treatments for patients, developed faster, and at a lower cost.
Owkin has published several high-profile scientific achievements in top journals such as Nature Medicine, Nature Communications, Hepatology and presented results at conferences such as the American Society of Clinical Oncology.
For more information, please visit http://www.owkin.com, follow @OWKINscience on Twitter
Media contact: Talia Lliteras at Talia.Lliteras@owkin.com
Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert system.
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Artificial intelligence predicts the risk of recurrence for women with the most common breast cancer - EurekAlert
Rytr uses artificial intelligence to write fantastic text for any of your writing projects – The Next Web
TLDR: The Rytr AI Writing Tool can help any writer get a whole lot faster, generating solid AI-crafted text for virtually any usage need in seconds.
Sometimes, even the best writers can use a bit of a boost. There are only so many ways a person can put a collection of words together on a page before they all start deteriorating into mush and completely losing their power.
Nobody wants to think one of those brick wall moments will strike in the middle of an important email or smack in the center of a major project. But like we said, anyone who writes as part of their living appreciates a nudge in the right direction once in a while.
With the help of the Rytr AI Writing Tool ($75, over 90 percent off, from TNW Deals), users can always get some quality prose worked out for virtually any usage situation.
From emails to ad copy, from catchy one-liners to longer works, Rytr uses its artificial intelligence brain to craft words and sentences that dont sound like a robot wrote it.
Users only have to pick their use case, whether its social media or a blog, creative writing, SEO, copywriting, and beyond, then select your tone and offer a few notes about the copy you want for proper context. Within seconds, Rytr returns the finely scripted text needed to fit your needs. You can go in and adjust it for any further customization if you like, but most work is copy-and-paste ready to go right into your project.
But if for some reason you find a sentence clunky or boring, just hit the reword or shorten buttons and youll get an instant alternate version that should be a better fit. And since variety is the buzzword for Rytr, users can sift through more than 30 different tones and styles, as well as 20 distinct modes to help make everything Rytr produces fit your vision like a glove.
While it works like a charm for short passages, writers can even drop raw, unpolished ideas into Rytrs powerful rich-text editor and the app will help turn it into a solid 1,000 word piece with only about 15 minutes of work. In fact, your Rytr subscription can help generate up to 75,000 characters per month to get all of your work flowing much faster.
Meanwhile, Rytr is also outfitted with a bevy of writer-friendly tools, including everything from an SEO analyzer to help dig up optimal keywords to a plagiarism checker that puts your text up against copy from across the web to make sure no unintended similarities slide into your work by mistake.
A lifetime subscription to the Rytr Writing Tool would usually cost almost $1,200, but with the current deal, its available now for a whole lot less, just $75.
Prices are subject to change
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Rytr uses artificial intelligence to write fantastic text for any of your writing projects - The Next Web
Artificial Intelligence makes way to the Kimpton Rowan – NBC Palm Springs
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Artificial Intelligence makes way to the Kimpton Rowan - NBC Palm Springs
Will Artificial Intelligence replace human authors in the near future? – The New Indian Express
About one year ago, British newspaper The Guardian ran an article titled A robot wrote this entire article. Are you scared yet, human?, written by an Artificial Intelligence (AI)-enabled robot called GPT-3 (Generative Pre-trained Transformer 3). It is an autoregressive language model that uses deep learning to produce human-like text. GPT-3 was fed a short introduction and was instructed to write an op-ed of around 500 words in simple language, focusing on why humans have nothing to fear from AI. In response, it produced eight different essays. The Guardian picked the best parts of each and ran the edited piece. GPT-3 even quoted Mahatma Gandhi in its article.
A rapid revolution in the field of AI and Natural Language Processing (NLP) is going on. While the worlds first-ever AI-written novel was published in Russia in 2008, the first full-length Korean novel, written by an AI named Birampung, hit the shelves in August. Birampung refers to a fierce storm that strikes at the beginning and end of the universes creation. The 560-page novel was directed by the novelist and mathematician Kim Tae-yon. Kim was reluctant to share the details of the technology involved. But 1,000 books were loaded in Birampungs operating system and it was equipped with the most advanced deep autonomous learning algorithm. Like a true film director, Kim picked the storyline, background and characters, but the actual writing process and the composition were made by Birampung. The novel, the name of which has been translated in English as The World from Now On, took seven years to complete and it consists of five stories in which the protagonistsa disabled amateur mathematician, a math professor and entrepreneur, a psychiatrist, an astrophysicist, and a Buddhist monkwere drawn to each other in their individual quests to understand the meaning of human existence.
Is there any existential threat for writers now? Consider GPT-3, the third-generation language prediction model in the series created by OpenAI, an artificial intelligence research company founded by Tesla billionaire Elon Musk among others. What exactly is going on inside GPT-3? An MIT Technology Review article stated: What it seems to be good at is synthesising text it has found elsewhere on the internet, making it a kind of vast, eclectic scrapbook created from millions and millions of snippets of text that it then glues together in weird and wonderful wayson demand.
GPT-3 can also produce pastiches of particular writers. For instance, when given the title, the authors name, and the initial word It, the AI produced a short story called The importance of being on Twitter, written in the style of Jerome K Jerome. It even wrote a reasonably informative article about GPT-3.
Playing with GPT-3 feels like seeing the future, is what some experts feel. There are plenty of shortcomings of AIs though. Their language is not always polished. And many people spotted a lack of depth, with the text reading more like cut-and-paste jobs. Some experts have felt that GPT-3s program does nothing more than match words and phrases based on statistical correlations among those in its database. In a March 2021 article published in the journal Nature, Matthew Hutson discusses the rise and risks of language-generating AI. Hutson opines that a remarkable AI can write like humans, but it still lacks common sense in the process of understanding how the world works, physically and socially. For example, when asked, How many rainbows does it take to jump from Hawaii to seventeen? GPT-3 responded: It takes two rainbows to jump from Hawaii to seventeen.
In The Guardian piece, GPT-3 wrote: I am only a set of code, governed by lines upon lines of code that encompass my mission statement. GPT-3 had been trained in around 200 billion words, at an estimated cost of tens of millions of dollars. The AI thus still needs a human editor to tether its writings to reality. In fact, a few days after the op-ed written by GPT-3 was published, a follow-up letter titled A human wrote this article. You shouldnt be scared of GPT-3 was published in The Guardian. The author, Albert Fox Cahn, argued that while GPT-3 is quite impressive it is useless without human input and edits. GPT-3 is just the latest example of computer-assisted authorship, the process by which human authors use technology to enhance the writing process, Cahn wrote. American programmer-poet Allison Parrish also noted: Attributing (The Guardian article) to AI is sort of like attributing the pyramids to the Pharaoh. Pharaoh didnt do that. The workers did.
GPT-3 is an artificial neural network with over 175 billion parameters that uses only 0.12% of its cognitive capacity. Its certainly a big leap forward from GPT-2 that had 1.5 billion parameters. When GPT-4 or GPT-5 rolls around in the future, should human writers really feel dread? Will AI measure up to J K Rowling or Kazuo Ishiguro, or report on Afghanistan? In his Nature paper, Hutson wrote: Its possible that a bigger model would do betterwith more parameters, more training data, more time to learn. But this will get increasingly expensive and cant be continued indefinitely. The opaque complexity of language models creates another limitation. Still, would some GPT-n or equivalent AI be able to produce a Tagores song or a Shakespeares play in the near future? A new technological anxiety would, however, invariably evolve around it.
P.S: This article has been completely written by a human being, not an AI.
Atanu BiswasProfessor of Statistics, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata(appubabale@gmail.com
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Will Artificial Intelligence replace human authors in the near future? - The New Indian Express
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine | IBM
Artificial intelligence in medicine is the use of machine learning models to search medical data and uncover insights to help improve health outcomes and patient experiences. Thanks to recent advances in computer science and informatics, artificial intelligence (AI) is quickly becoming an integral part of modern healthcare. AI algorithms and other applications powered by AI are being used to support medical professionals in clinical settings and in ongoing research.
Currently, the most common roles for AI in medical settings are clinical decision support and imaging analysis. Clinical decision support tools help providers make decisions about treatments, medications, mental health and other patient needs by providing them with quick access to information or research that's relevant to their patient. In medical imaging, AI tools are being used to analyze CT scans, x-rays, MRIs and other images for lesions or other findings that a human radiologist might miss.
The challenges that the COVID-19 pandemic created for many health systems also led many healthcare organizations around the world to start field-testing new AI-supported technologies, such as algorithms designed to help monitor patients and AI-powered tools to screen COVID-19 patients.
The research and results of these tests are still being gathered, and the overall standards for the use AI in medicine are still being defined. Yet opportunities for AI to benefit clinicians, researchers and the patients they serve are steadily increasing. At this point, there is little doubt that AI will become a core part of the digital health systems that shape and support modern medicine.
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Artificial Intelligence in Medicine | IBM
Artificial Intelligence: Implications for Business Strategy
This online program from the MIT Sloan School of Management and the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL) challenges common misconceptions surrounding AI and will equip and encourage you to embrace AI as part of a transformative toolkit. With a focus on the organizational and managerial implications of these technologies, rather than on their technical aspects, youll leave this course armed with the knowledge and confidence you need to pioneer its successful integration in business.
What is artificial intelligence (AI)? What does it mean for business? And how can your company take advantage of it? This online program, designed by the MIT Sloan School of Management and the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL), will help you answer these questions.
Through an engaging mix of introductions to key technologies, business insights, case examples, and your own business-focused project, your learning journey will bring into sharp focus the reality of central AI technologies today and how they can be harnessed to support your business needs.
Focusing on key AI technologies, such as machine learning, natural language processing, and robotics, the course will help you understand the implications of these new technologies for business strategy, as well as the economic and societal issues they raise. MIT expert instructors examine how artificial intelligence will complement and strengthen our workforce rather than just eliminate jobs. Additionally, the program will emphasize how the collective intelligence of people and computers together can solve business problems that not long ago were considered impossible.
You will receive a certificate of course completion at the conclusion of this course. You may also be interested in our Executive Certificates which are designed around a central themed track and consist of several courses. Learn more.
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Artificial Intelligence: Implications for Business Strategy
5 Top Careers in Artificial Intelligence
Artificial intelligence (AI) has come to define society today in ways we never anticipated. AI makes it possible for us to unlock our smartphones with our faces, ask our virtual assistants questions and receive vocalized answers, and have our unwanted emails filtered to a spam folder without ever having to address them.
These kinds of functions have become so commonplace in our daily lives that its often easy to forget that, just a decade ago, few of them existed. Yet while artificial intelligence and machine learning may have been the topic of conversation among science fiction enthusiasts since the 80s, it wasnt until much more recently that computer scientists acquired the advanced technology and the extensive amount of data needed to create the products we use today.
The impact of machine learning and AI doesnt stop at the ability to make the lives of individuals easier, however. These programs have been developed to positively impact almost every industry through the streamlining of business processes, the improving of consumer experiences, and the carrying out of tasks that have never before been possible.
This impact of AI across industries is only expected to increase as technology continues to advance and computer scientists uncover the exciting possibilities of this specialization in their field. Below, we explore what exactly artificial intelligence entails, what careers are currently defining the industry, and how you can set yourself up for success in the AI sector.
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The term artificial intelligence has many connotations, depending on the specific industry it is used in. Most often, however, when people say artificial intelligence, what they actually mean is machine learning, says Bethany Edmunds, associate dean and lead faculty atNortheasterns Khoury College of Computer Science. [Although AI] is a large umbrella term that incorporates a lot of statistical methods, historically, what it actually means is a computer acting like a human.
The ability of a computer to replicate human-like behavior is at the core of all AI functions. Machine learning software allows computers to witness human behavior through the intake of data. These systems then undergo advanced processes to analyze that data and identify patterns within it, using those findings to apply the discovered knowledge and replicate the behavior.
Edmunds identifies that, while advanced technology is important in this process, the key to the operation is actually the data. In fact, the astounding increase in the quantity of data collected over the last decade has had a significant impact on the advancement of the AI industry today.
Whats happening right now is that the technology has finally caught up to what people have been predicting [about AI] for a long time, she says. We finally have the right amount of data and the advanced machines that can process that data, which is why, right now, [AI] is being applied in so many sectors.
Despite the exciting opportunities that these advances are bringing to light, some individuals are still quite skeptical about the use of AI. Edmunds believes that this is due, in large part, to a lack of understanding about exactly how these processes work and the fear that comes with that.
I like to equate [the introduction of AI] to cloud computing; while people dont necessarily know how Google Drive works, they understand the concept and are faster to participate inputting their information in cloud storage, she says. AI is not like that. People dont understand the statistics behind itso it all just seems very magical.
Those who have a complex understanding of computer science and statistics, however, recognize that the potential impact of this function is endless. AI is doing amazing things today and allowing for developments across industries that weve never seen before, Edmunds says.
As the possible applications of AI continue to increase, so does the positive career potential for those with the skills needed to thrive in this industry. The World Economic Forums The Future of Jobs 2018 report predicts that there will be 58 million new jobs in artificial intelligence by 2022.
However, those with the necessary combination of skills are often hard to come by, Edmunds explains. The job market is really huge in [AI], but a lot of people arent trained for it, she says, resulting in an above-average job outlook for those who do have the skills needed to work in this niche area.
Read on to explore some of these top career areas defining the industry.
Although many of these top careers explore the application or function of AI technology, computer science and artificial intelligence research is more about discovering ways to advance the technology itself. There will always be somebody developing a faster machine, Edmunds says. Theres always going to be somebody pushing the edge, and that [person] will be a computer scientist.
Responsibilities: A computer science and artificial intelligence researchers responsibilities will vary greatly depending on their specialization or their particular role in the research field. Some may be in charge of advancing the data systems related to AI. Others might oversee the development of new software that can uncover new potential in the field. Others still may be responsible for overseeing the ethics and accountability that comes with the creation of such tools. No matter their specialization, however, individuals in these roles will work to uncover the possibilities of these technologies and then help implement changes in existing tools to reach that potential.
Career Outlook: As these individuals are at the crux of advancement in AI, their job outlook is very positive. The New York Times estimates that high-level AI researchers at top companies make more than $1,000,000 per year as of 2018, with lower-level employees making between $300,000 and $500,000 per year in both salary and stock. Individuals in base-level AI research roles are likely to make an average salary of $92,221 annually.
The AI field also relies on traditional computer science roles such as software engineers to develop the programs on which artificial intelligence tools function.
Responsibilities: Software engineers are part of the overall design and development process of digital programs or systems. In the scope of AI, individuals in these roles are responsible for developing the technical functionality of the products which utilize machine learning to carry out a variety of tasks.
Career Outlook: The Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts a growth rate of 22 percent by 2029 for software developers, including the addition of 316,000 jobs. Software engineers also make an average salary of $110,140 per year, with potential increases for those with a specialty in AI.
Many of the most popular consumer applications of AI today revolve around language. From chatbots to virtual assistants to predictive texting on smartphones, AI tools have been used to replicate human speech in a variety of formats. To do this effectively, developers call upon the knowledge of natural language processersindividuals who have both the language and technology skills needed to assist in the creation of these tools. Natural language processing is applying machine learning to language, Edmunds says. Its a really big field.
Responsibilities: As there are many applications of natural language processing, the responsibilities of the experts in this field will vary. However, in general, individuals in these roles will use their complex understanding of both language and technology to develop systems through which computers can successfully communicate with humans.
Career Outlook: Theres a real shortage of people in these roles [today], Edmunds says. There are a bunch of [products] where were trying to interact with a machine through language, but language is really hard. For this reason, those with the proper skill sets can expect an above-average salary and job outlook for the foreseeable future. The average annual salary for those with natural language processing skills is $107,641 per year.
User experience (UX) roles involve working with productsincluding those which incorporate AIto ensure that consumers understand their function and can easily use them. Although Edmunds emphasizes that these roles do exist outside of the artificial intelligence sector, the increased use of AI in technology today has led to a growing need for UX specialists that are trained in this particular area.
Responsibilities: In general, user experience specialists are in charge of understanding how humans use equipment, and thus how computer scientists can apply that understanding to the production of more advanced software. In terms of AI, a UX specialists responsibilities may include understanding how humans are interacting with these tools in order to develop functionality that better fits those humans needs down the line.
Did You Know: One of the most prominent examples of how user experience influenced technology we know today is Apple. The invention of Mac operating softwarecompared to Windowscame from the need for a product that was more user-friendly and which didnt require an advanced technical understanding to operate. Apple approached the development of the iPhone in the same way. The iPhone was all about user experience, Edmunds says. That was a [user experience expert] understanding how people interact [with their phones], including whats intuitive and whats not. Then they designed the best possible phone to fit those needs.
Job Outlook: The job outlook for user experience designers is quite positive. The average salary for UX designers is $76,440 per year (though those at the top of their field make over $100,000 annually). Job growth in this industry is expected to increase by 22.1 percent by 2022, effectively increasing opportunities for those with the right training and experience.
With data at the heart of AI and machine learning functions, those who have been trained to properly manage that data have many opportunities for success in the industry. Though data science is a broad field, Edmunds emphasizes the role that data analysts play in these AI processes as one of the most significant.
Responsibilities: Data analysts need to have a solid understanding of the data itselfincluding the practices of managing, analyzing, and storing itas well as the skills needed to effectively communicate findings through visualization. Its one thing to just have the data, but to be able to actually report on it to other people is vital, Edmunds says.
Job Outlook: Data analysts have a positive career outlook. These roles earn an average salary of $61,307 per year.
Artificial intelligence is a lucrative field with above-average job growth, but the industry remains competitive. Roles in this discipline are very niche, requiring both an advanced technical background and extensive hands-on experience. Those with this rare balance of skills and real-world exposure will be able to land any number of roles in AI and continue shaping the landscape of this constantly evolving field for years to come.
Artificial intelligence professionals share an array of practical skills and theoretical knowledge in mathematics and statistics, alongside a working understanding of role-specific tools and processes. Some AI-focused computer scientists may also pursue an understanding of the ethics and philosophy that go into giving a computer the capability to think and draw conclusions.
However, Edmunds emphasizes that, while quite advanced, these common abilities alone do not always set an individual up for a successful career in artificial intelligence. Instead, she explains, its the personal backgrounds and unique interdisciplinary skills each computer scientist brings to the table that allow them to thrive.
One of the most important factors of AI is an understanding of the application, she says. Somebody needs to look at the data [these tools use] and understand what that actually means for their specific sector.
In healthcare, for instance, an ideal AI specialist would have an understanding of data and machine learning, as well as a working knowledge of the human body. In this scenario, the specialists background in both areas allows them not only to interpret the conclusions of these AI tools, but also understand how they fit into the broader context of health.
Edmunds has also observed that, while a computer scientist with a dual background is ideal for the new kinds of applications of AI across industries, very few currently exist. If you had a dual background, you would be able to write your own check, Edmunds jokes. I can assure you, you wouldnt be looking for a job right now.
Instead of this ideal candidate, those in AI often see machine learning experts with high-level computer science and statistics abilities but without a further grasp in any particular domain. This, Edmunds identifies, is the missing piece needed for further sector-specific AI advancement.
To bridge this gap, artificial intelligence programs like those at Northeastern look to embrace students personal backgrounds or prior career paths and develop artificial intelligence specialists with the ability to make a real difference across industries.
Read More: 4 Ways Artificial Intelligence is Transforming Healthcare | AI and 3 Trends That Define the Human Resources Industry | How AI Will Transform Project Management | How Data Science is Disrupting Supply Chain Management
Those looking to either break into or advance their careers in artificial intelligence can benefit from obtaining a masters degree at a top university like Northeastern.
Those hoping to work in AI should instead consider a Master of Science in Artificial Intelligence to hone their skills, learn from top industry leaders, and obtain the real-world experience they need to properly develop a specialized career.
These practices allow Northeasterns students to prepare for their future in the changing field of artificial intelligence while always keeping the real-world aspect of their work in mind. Through experiential learning and interdisciplinary integration, [Northeasterns] masters programs are focused on developing the professional, Edmunds says. All the course work is centered around real-world problems or application domains, and we do our best to get industry practitioners in the classroom to make sure what were doing is cutting edge.
While Northeastern emphasizes the benefits of experiential learning across all of its graduate and undergraduate programs, these opportunities allow AI students specifically to practice what theyre learning in the classroom at some of the top companies in the world.
Did You Know: Northeastern has developed an array of regional campuses in locations across North America that are known for their top tech talent, including Seattle, the San Francisco Bay Area, Toronto, Charlotte, and Vancouver. These regional locations have allowed unique partnerships to develop between the university and local organizations, which happen to be among the top companies in the world. Popular co-op locations for students in these areas include Amazon, Facebook, Microsoft, Nordstrom, and Google, alongside many other leading organizations.
Northeasterns artificial intelligence program provides the rare opportunity to learn from top industry leaders, work with some of the most famous companies in the world, and develop not only relevant AI and computer science skills but those which align with your preferred specialization all before you graduate. Consider enrolling to take the first step toward a fulfilling career in the exciting artificial intelligence field.
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5 Top Careers in Artificial Intelligence