Category Archives: Artificial Intelligence

Artificial intelligence can bring the Human back to HR – The Financial Express

This proliferation of technology has stoked the fear of cold and calculated robots replacing human interaction.

By Sukhjit Pasricha,

Artificial Intelligence and machine learning have automated processes, streamlined operations and have also started making intelligent decisions. This proliferation of technology has stoked the fear of cold and calculated robots replacing human interaction.

Despite these concerns, a recent study has found that 93% of people are ready to take orders from a robot and more than a third of employees believe that AI will enable better customer and employee experiences. Even then, only 6% of HR teams are actively deploying AI and machine learning solutions. This chasm reveals the missed opportunity for AI to help HR meet evolving employee expectations for a personalised, relevant work environment.

When it comes to the use of AI, most HR professionals have reservations that AI will make this human-centric function less human. What if it can be proved that by embracing AI you could make HR more humane. It sounds ironic, however, if AI implementation is done in synchronisation with other HCM solutions, it can enable organisations to hire better, onboard smarter and retain people longer.

Recruiting Experience like never before

Recruitment is one of the scariest parts of HR. Incessant pressure from teams to find the perfect fit and endless hours of search often result in dead ends or unsuitable hires. In such a situation, AI-backed tools can help HR to take a more strategic approach to recruiting. AI, being fed with data, can identify talent with qualities that match those of existing successful employees and proactively invite them to apply. This makes the entire hiring process more efficient and the only resumes that HR and business teams will be sifting through are those of truly qualified candidates. And when the process eventually results in an offer, companies will have data-backed justification for the hiring decision.

Seamless Onboarding Process

The importance of a good onboarding process can be gauged from the fact that 17% of new hires resign within three months and 15% of those cited the lack of effective onboarding as the reason for their resignation. Change of employment is one of the most crucial decisions that one makes, and an unorganised and a difficult onboarding process will fail to reassure employees of their decision to join the organisation. Despite the realisation of the importance of the role that a good onboarding experience plays in employee engagement/ affinity, productivity and retention, however, a surprising number of businesses still lack an intuitive, formalised process.

Digital assistants also play a significant role in humanising the onboarding experience. The onboarding process can vary greatly from employee to employee, so instead of relying on an HR representative for help with commonly asked HR questions, new hires can now chat with a digital concierge to get quick access and answers.

Minimise Employee Turnover

An organisation is caught unaware when suddenly a great employee leaves because of lack of job satisfaction and motivation. Had the HR team been aware of the employees thought process, appropriate steps could have been taken to tailor the employees experience according to his or her expectations or needs.

AI can be an effective tool in HRs hands to provide them with data-backed insights on motivating factors for an employee. Thus, HR can play a crucial role in retaining employees by creating a personalised experience that meets both the employee and organisations goals. Furthermore, AI can help HR to analyse traits and reasons for the resignation. This way HR can raise a flag when similar behaviour patterns emerge and can take preventive measures proactively.

A world of Endless Possibilities

In the talent economy, the future of any organisation will depend on its ability to attract and retain brilliant employees. Embracing the possibilities offered by artificial intelligence in HR, can transition an organisations environment from one facing high turnover to one that embraces a truly humane experience.

(The author is President & Group Chief Human Resource Officer, Kotak Mahindra Bank and Shaakun Khanna, Head HCM Applications, Oracle Asia Pacific. Views expressed are personal and do not reflect the official position or policy of the Financial Express Online.)

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Artificial intelligence can bring the Human back to HR - The Financial Express

‘A lot of demand for skills in philosophy and the arts,’ says lead Artificial Intelligence Advisor – – KUSI

April 7, 2021

Posted: April 7, 2021

Updated: 10:23 PM

KUSI Newsroom

SAN DIEGO (KUSI) With Zoom school being the only option for many in the last year, some parents may feel deterred from artificial intelligence entering the classroom.

But others, such as Neil Sahota, lead Artificial Intelligence Advisor to the United Nations, says AI can enhance and streamline some processes in the classroom.

For example, AI could be used to make grading quicker and easier.

Furthermore, educators are tasked with the need to update curriculum for students to ensure they stay competitive in a rapidly changing job market.

Of equal importance is bridging the digital divide, in which underserved communities are increasingly left in lower income brackets because they simply dont have access to resources.

Neil Sahota, lead Artificial Intelligence Advisor to the United Nations, joined KUSIs Ginger Jeffries on Good Evening San Diego to discuss AIs role in education.

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'A lot of demand for skills in philosophy and the arts,' says lead Artificial Intelligence Advisor - - KUSI

Technological Innovation and Artificial Intelligence Will Provide for Increased Operational Safety at the Arianne Phosphate Project – Yahoo Finance

DAN: TSX-V (Canada)JE9N: FSE (Germany)DRRSF: OTC (USA)

SAGUENAY, QC, April 8, 2021 /CNW Telbec/ - Arianne Phosphate (the "Company" or "Arianne") (TSXV: DAN) (OTC: DRRSF) (FRANKFURT: JE9N), a development-stage phosphate mining company, advancing the Lac Paul project in Quebec's Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean region, is pleased to announce significant advancements in the design of its future tailings facility. Arianne partnered with the Quebec Center of Geomatics (CGQ), to advance research and development on a new method for the design and future monitoring of the Company's tailings operations. This work will use geomatic and remote sensing tools combined with artificial intelligence that should greatly improve the safety aspects of Arianne's operations.

"The Lac Paul mine is projected to be one of the most environmentally friendly phosphate mines in the world," said Jean-Sbastien David, COO of Arianne Phosphate. "From the project's onset, Arianne's design process had the goal of constructing a mine using best environmental practices and, the integration of technology was vital in this regard. Further, our reliance on renewable hydro-electricity will allow us to greatly diminish our production of greenhouse gases [GHG] with the goal of ultimately being GHG neutral. Our most recent endeavors have also added to the safety and structural integrity of our tailings facility."

Brian Ostroff, CEO of Arianne Phosphate added, "we take seriously our responsibilities surrounding environmental and safety issues. We know that many challenges surrounding mining operations stem from failures at their tailings facilities and, our work here goes a long way towards reducing these threats. Arianne will produce a high-purity, low-contaminant phosphate concentrate that provides for society's needs but, in as safe and effective manner as possible."

Arianne partnered with the Quebec Center of Geomatics (CGQ), a group within the College of Chicoutimi, in the Province of Quebec, to develop a new way to use geomatic and remote sensing instruments and monitor this information through a solution that uses artificial intelligence. It is during the construction process that sensors will be built in throughout the tailings dam that will measure, in real-time, data points such as moisture and pressure and, make adjustments as necessary to allow for smooth and safe operations, allowing for greater safety.

Story continues

This research project was funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) through its Partnership Engage Grants.

Qualified PersonJean-Sbastien David, P.Geo., Qualified Person by NI 43-101, has approved this release. Mr. David is also the Company's Chief Operating Officer.

About Arianne PhosphateArianne Phosphate ("Arianne Phosphate Inc.") (www.arianne-inc.com) is developing the Lac Paul phosphate deposits located approximately 200 km north of the Saguenay/Lac St. Jean area of Quebec, Canada. These deposits will produce a high-quality igneous apatite concentrate grading 39% P2O5 with little or no contaminants (Feasibility Study released in 2013). The Company has 173,354,669 million shares outstanding.

Neither TSX Venture Exchange nor its Regulation Services Provider (as that term is defined in the policies of the TSX Venture Exchange) accepts responsibility for the adequacy or accuracy of this release.

Follow Arianne on:Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ariannephosphateTwitter: http://twitter.com/arianne_danYouTube: http://www.youtube.com/user/ArianneResourcesFlickr: http://www.flickr.com/photos/arianneresourcesResource Investing News: http://resourceinvestingnews.com/?s=Arianne

Cautionary Statements Regarding Forward Looking Information

This news release contains "forward-looking statements" and "forward-looking information" within the meaning of applicable securities regulations in Canada and the United States (collectively, "forward-looking information"). Forward-looking information includes, but is not limited to, anticipated quality and production of the apatite concentrate at the Lac Paul project. Often, but not always, forward-looking information can be identified by the use of words such as "plans", "expects, "is expected", "budget", "scheduled", "estimates", forecasts", "intends", "anticipates", or "believes", or the negatives thereof or variations of such words and phrases or statements that certain actions, events or results "may", "could", "would", "might", or "will" be taken, occur or be achieved. Forward-looking information is subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause the actual results, level of activity, performance or achievements of the Company to be materially different from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking information, including but not limited to: volatile stock price; risks related to changes in commodity prices; sources and cost of power facilities; the estimation of initial and sustaining capital requirements; the estimation of labour and operating costs; the general global markets and economic conditions; the risk associated with exploration, development and operations of mineral deposits; the estimation of mineral reserves and resources; the risks associated with uninsurable risks arising during the course of exploration, development and production; risks associated with currency fluctuations; environmental risks; competition faced in securing experienced personnel; access to adequate infrastructure to support mining, processing, development and exploration activities; the risks associated with changes in the mining regulatory regime governing the Company; completion of the environmental assessment process; risks related to regulatory and permitting delays; risks related to potential conflicts of interest; the reliance on key personnel; financing, capitalization and liquidity risks including the risk that the financing necessary to fund continued exploration and development activities at Lac Paul project may not be available on satisfactory terms, or at all; the risk of potential dilution through the issue of common shares; the risk of litigation. Forward-looking information is based on assumptions management believes to be reasonable at the time such statements are made, including but not limited to, continued exploration activities, no material adverse change in commodity prices, exploration and development plans proceeding in accordance with plans and such plans achieving their stated expected outcomes, receipt of required regulatory approvals, and such other assumptions and factors as set out herein. Although the Company has attempted to identify important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in the forward-looking information, there may be other factors that cause results not to be as anticipated, estimated or intended. There can be no assurance that such forward-looking information will prove to be accurate, as actual results and future events could differ materially from those anticipated in such forward-looking information. Accordingly, readers should not place undue reliance on forward-looking information. Forward-looking information is made as of the date of this press release, and the Company does not undertake to update such forward-looking information except in accordance with applicable securities laws.

SOURCE Arianne Phosphate Inc.

Cision

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Technological Innovation and Artificial Intelligence Will Provide for Increased Operational Safety at the Arianne Phosphate Project - Yahoo Finance

Learn How Artificial Intelligence and Decision Intelligence is your Key to Safe Re-Openings – TAPinto.net

Many schools and businesses are still struggling to get people to feel safe enough to come back to inside their buildings. Yet returning to in person gatheringsis an important driver for a successfuleconomicpost-COVID rebound.

Smartscreen LLC is hosting a free webinar on utilizing artificial intelligence and decision intelligence to open your buildings, schools and facilities safely and effectively.

The webinar will be hosted on Friday, April 9th at 12noon. You can register by clicking here.

Featured on the webinar will be Dr. Lorien Pratt, Ph.D., the Chief Scientist at Quantellia. Dr. Pratt is amachine learning pioneer,

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Pratt has delivered applied machine learning solutions since 1988. She wrote Link: How Decision Intelligence Connects Data, Actions, and Outcomes for a Better World, co-edited Learning to Learn, and leads machine learning and decision intelligence innovation at Quantellia.

For more information on Smartscreen visit their website at http://www.smartscreenllc.com.

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Learn How Artificial Intelligence and Decision Intelligence is your Key to Safe Re-Openings - TAPinto.net

Dataiku Named to the 2021 CB Insights AI 100 List of Most Innovative Artificial Intelligence Startups – Business Wire

NEW YORK--(BUSINESS WIRE)--CB Insights today named Dataiku, the world's most advanced Enterprise AI platform, to the fifth annual AI 100 ranking, showcasing the 100 most promising private artificial intelligence companies in the world.

This is the fifth year CB Insights has recognized the most promising private artificial intelligence companies with the AI 100, and this is one of the most global groups we've ever seen. This year's cohort spans 18 industries, and is working on everything from climate risk to accelerating drug R&D, said CB Insights CEO Anand Sanwal. Last year's AI 100 companies had a remarkable run after being named to the list, with more than 50% going on to raise additional financing (totaling $5.2B), including 16 $100 million+ mega-rounds. Many also went on to exit via M&A, SPAC or IPO. As industry after industry adopts AI, we expect this years class will see similar levels of interest from investors, acquirers and customers."

Were honored to be included on this exceptional list of companies solving some of the worlds greatest challenges through AI, said Florian Douetteau, CEO of Dataiku. Its exciting recognition for our team, which since Dataiku was founded in 2013 has succeeded in creating a best-in-class data science and machine learning platform that democratizes AI within the enterprise.

Through an evidence-based approach, the CB Insights research team selected the AI 100 from a pool of over 6,000 companies based on several factors including patent activity, investor quality, news sentiment analysis, proprietary Mosaic scores, market potential, partnerships, competitive landscape, team strength, and tech novelty. The Mosaic Score, based on CB Insights algorithm, measures the overall health and growth potential of private companies to help predict a companys momentum.

Dataiku supports the AI strategies of more than 400 companies worldwide, enabling organizations across pharmaceuticals, healthcare, financial services, transportation, the public sector, manufacturing, retail, and more to massively scale their AI efforts. Dataiku employs more than 600 people worldwide between offices in New York, Paris, London, Munich, Sydney, and Singapore, and plans to hire another 300 employees in 2021. Its roots are in France, its headquarters is in New York, and its culture is a dynamic melting pot of all of its international influences.

Quick facts on the 2021 AI 100:

About CB Insights

CB Insights builds software that enables the world's best companies to discover, understand and make technology decisions with confidence. By marrying data, expert insights and work management tools, clients manage their end-to-end technology making process on CB Insights. To learn more, please visit http://www.cbinsights.com.

About Dataiku

Dataiku is one of the worlds leading AI and machine learning platforms, supporting agility in organizations data efforts via collaborative, elastic, and responsible AI, all at enterprise scale. Hundreds of companies use Dataiku to underpin their essential business operations and ensure they stay relevant in a changing world, including models driving fraud detection, customer churn prevention, predictive maintenance, supply chain optimization, and much more. Dataiku is built for companies looking to democratize AI across their organization, bringing agility and preparedness to the business through the use of data by everyone from analysts to data scientists.

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Dataiku Named to the 2021 CB Insights AI 100 List of Most Innovative Artificial Intelligence Startups - Business Wire

Luxventure Promoted Liu Zie, an Expert in Blockchain, Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things, as its Chief Technology Officer – PRNewswire

SHISHI,China, April 5, 2021 /PRNewswire/ --KBS Fashion Group Limited ("KBS" or the "Company") (NASDAQ:KBSF), a leading fully-integrated casual menswear company inChina and the operator of Luxventure, a social media platform, announced today the promotion of Liu Zie to the position of Chief Technology Officer of Luxventure.

With over 20 years of experience, Mr. Liu Zie is a leading expert in the China information technology sector. Mr. Liu's expertise lies in Blockchain, Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things. He was the former CTO of ZOL, a leading on-line technology/E-commerce portal, and managed a 400 member development team. Mr. Liu is a graduate of Yanshan University.

Ms. Sun Lei, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, commented: "I congratulate Liu Zie on this promotion. During his short time with Luxventure, he played an instrumental role in the development of our apps and internal management software solutions. As Chief Technology Officer, his role will be to focus on further using his experience and knowledge, especially in Blockchain, to better serve our users."

Mr. Liu Zie commented: "I am honored for this promotion. One of the key reasons for joining Luxventure is the vision of its CEO and its focus on cutting edge technology. I am happy for the opportunity to bring my expertise in Blockchain, Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things to the company. Blockchain is the future and I look forward to using my expertise in this area to further implement the company's Blockchain strategy and exploring related opportunities, such as Non-fungible Tokens (NFT)."

About KBS Fashion Group Limited

Headquartered in Shishi,China, KBS Fashion Group Limited, through its subsidiaries, is engaged in the business of i) designing, manufacturing, selling and distributing its own casual menswear brand, KBS, through a network of 30KBS branded stores (as ofDec 31, 2019)and over a number of multi-brand stores. KBS Fashion Group is the operator of Luxventure, a social media platform. To learn more about the Company, please visit its corporate website atwww.kbsfashion.com.

Safe Harbor Statement

This press release may contain certain "forward-looking statements" relating to the business of KBS Fashion Group Limited, and its subsidiary companies. All statements, other than statements of historical fact included herein, are "forward-looking statements" in nature within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements, often identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as "believes," "expects" or similar expressions, involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties. Although the Company believes that the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are reasonable, they do involve assumptions, risks and uncertainties, and these expectations may prove to be incorrect. Investors should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this press release. The Company's actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of a variety of factors, including those discussed in the Company's periodic reports that are filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and available on its website (http://www.sec.gov). All forward-looking statements attributable to the Company or persons acting on its behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by these factors. Other than as required under the securities laws, the Company does not assume a duty to update these forward-looking statements.

SOURCE KBS Fashion Group Limited

http://www.kbsfashion.com

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Luxventure Promoted Liu Zie, an Expert in Blockchain, Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things, as its Chief Technology Officer - PRNewswire

Researchers From the University of Toronto and LG AI Research Develop Explainable Artificial Intelligence (AI) Algorithm – MarkTechPost

A team of researchers from the University of Toronto and LG AI Research have developed an explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) algorithm. The algorithm can help identify and eliminate defects in display screens.

The algorithm outperformed comparable approaches on industry benchmarks and was developed through an ongoing AI research collaboration between LG and the University of Toronto.

According to the researchers, the XAI algorithm could be applied in other fields, primarily those which require details into how machine learning makes its decisions, including data interpretation from medical scans.

Kostas Plataniotis, a professor at the Edward S. Rogers Sr. department of electrical and computer engineering, believes that explainability and interpretability are about meeting the quality standards we set for ourselves as engineers and are demanded by the end-user.

The research team also included recent the University of Toronto Engineering graduate Mahesh Sudhakar and masters candidate Sam Sattarzadeh and researchers led by Jongseong Jang at LG AI Research Canadas global research-and-development arm.

XAI is an emerging field addressing problems with the black box approach of machine learning strategies. In a black-box model, a computer may be given a set of training data in the form of millions of labeled images. The algorithm learns to relate certain features of the input with specific outputs by analyzing the data. It can then correctly attach labels to images it has never seen before.

The machine decides itself which aspects of the image to pay attention to and which to ignore. Thus, its designers never know exactly how it arrives at a result. Therefore, a black-box model presents challenges when its applied to areas such as health care.

XAI is thus designed to be a glass box approach that makes the decision-making process transparent. Traditional Algorithms and XAI algorithms are run simultaneously to examine the validity and the level of their learning performance. The method also provides opportunities to carry out debugging and find training efficiencies.

There are two methods to develop an XAI algorithm. The first, called back-propagation, relies on the underlying AI architecture to quickly calculate how the networks prediction corresponds to its input. The second method, known as Perturbation, sacrifices some speed for accuracy. It involves changing data inputs and tracking the corresponding outputs to determine the necessary compensation.

The teams resulting XAI algorithm SISE (Semantic Input Sampling for Explanation) is detailed in a research paper introduced at the 35th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence.

Source:https://techxplore.com/news/2021-04-artificial-intelligence-algorithm.html

Paper: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.00672.pdf

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Researchers From the University of Toronto and LG AI Research Develop Explainable Artificial Intelligence (AI) Algorithm - MarkTechPost

Shine some light in black box of algorithms used by government – CalMatters

In summary

AB 13 would set criteria to minimize unfair, biased or discriminatory decisions by artificial intelligence systems used by government.

Assemblymember Ed Chau, a Democrat from Monterey Park, represents Assembly District 49, Assemblymember.Chau@assembly.ca.gov. Chau introduced Assembly Bill 13 and is chair of the Assembly Committee on Privacy and Consumer Protection.

Debra Gore-Mann is president and CEO of The Greenlining Institute, debra.goremann@greenlining.org. The Greenlining Institute is sponsoring Assembly Bill 13.

You cant see algorithms, but they can impact huge parts of your life, from seemingly minor things like what video YouTube will queue up next to life-and-death issues such as whether or not you can get a COVID-19 vaccination. Its time we all had a better idea how algorithms impact us, particularly when the government is using them.

An algorithm is simply a set of rules and instructions used by a computer program to perform a task or solve a problem. While algorithms themselves are coldly mathematical, they are created by humans who, like all of us, can have blind spots, biases or preconceptions. And that can lead to algorithms that make bad decisions or even perpetuate racial and gender bias.

These algorithms feed into an artificial intelligence framework where machine learning makes decisions and predictions from data about people decisions previously made by people. According to PwC research, artificial intelligence could contribute $15.7 trillion to the global economy by 2030.

The Greenlining Institute recently released an analysis of the problem, titled Algorithmic Bias Explained: How Automated Decision-Making Becomes Automated Discrimination, which included some startling findings. The report reviews a number of incidents that have made it into the media in which algorithms perpetuated discrimination based on race, gender or income and those reports represent just the tip of the iceberg, because most algorithms operate in the background, unseen and unknown by those whose lives they impact.

Some of the most disturbing reports have involved government programs, including an Arkansas Medicaid algorithm that wrongly cut off medical and nursing home benefits to hundreds of people. Another, used in Detroit, perpetuated old, discriminatory patterns of redlining by channeling community development funding away from the very neighborhoods that needed it most literally a case of algorithmic redlining.

In February, the New York Times reported serious issues with an algorithm the federal government uses to manage COVID-19 vaccine allocations: The Tiberius algorithm calculates state vaccine allotments based on data from the American Community Survey, a household poll from the United States Census Bureau that may undercount certain populations like undocumented immigrants or tribal communities at risk for the virus.

Equally concerning, the New York Times quoted researchers and health officials who are frustrated at how little they know about how the Tiberius algorithm decides how many vaccine doses to send where, describing it as a black box.

When government makes decisions that affect our daily lives, our communities and potentially even our very survival, those decisions should not be made in a black box.

Thats why weve worked to develop legislation that will begin to bring transparency to the use of algorithms by government agencies in our state. If passed, Assembly Bill 13 would set forth criteria for the procurement of high-risk automated decision systems by government entities in order to minimize the risk of adverse and discriminatory impacts resulting from their design and application. The bill is scheduled to be heard in the Assembly Committee on Privacy and Consumer Protection on April 8.

Specifically, the bill would require a prospective contractor to submit an Automated Decision System Impact Assessment to evaluate the privacy and security risks to personal information and risks that may result in inaccurate, unfair, biased or discriminatory decisions impacting individuals. It would also require the contracting entity to produce an accountability report, after awarding the contract, which includes a detailed mitigation plan for identifying and minimizing the potential for any disparate impacts, and would make both the assessment and report available to the public.

At their best, algorithms can do a tremendous amount of good. They have the potential to make decision-making faster, fairer and more data-driven. But weve ignored their dark side for too long.

Its time to shine some light in that black box. Lets make sure that when government uses algorithms to make decisions on everything from health care to public benefits, we know whats happening and that the process is accurate and fair.

_____

Assemblymember Ed Chau has also written about facial recognition regulation and about stopping hateful acts against Asian Americans.

Debra Gore-Mann has also written about California regaining its power to regulate internet service providers.

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Shine some light in black box of algorithms used by government - CalMatters

The CPSC Digs In On Artificial Intelligence – Consumer Protection – United States – Mondaq News Alerts

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American households are increasingly connected internallythrough the use of artificially intelligentappliances.1But who regulates the safety of thosedishwashers, microwaves, refrigerators, and vacuums powered byartificial intelligence (AI)? On March 2, 2021, at a virtual forumattended by stakeholders across the entire industry, the ConsumerProduct Safety Commission (CPSC) reminded us all that it has thelast say on regulating AI and machine learning consumer productsafety.

The CPSC is an independent agency comprised of fivecommissioners who are nominated by the president and confirmed bythe Senate to serve staggered seven-year terms. With the Bidenadministration's shift away from the deregulation agenda ofthe prior administration and three potential opportunities to staffthe commission, consumer product manufacturers, distributors, andretailers should expect increased scrutiny andenforcement.2

The CPSC held the March 2, 2021 forum to gather information onvoluntary consensus standards, certification, andproduct-specification efforts associated with products that use AI,machine learning, and related technologies. Consumer producttechnology is advancing faster than the regulations that govern it,even with a new administration moving towards greater regulation.As a consequence, many believe that the safety landscape for AI,machine learning, and related technology is lacking. The CPSC,looking to fill the void, is gathering information through eventslike this forum with a focus on its next steps for AI-relatedsafety regulation.

To influence this developing regulatory framework, manufacturersand importers of consumer products using these technologies mustunderstand and participate in the ongoing dialogue about futureregulation and enforcement. While guidance in these evolving areasis likely to be adaptive, the CPSC's developing regulatoryframework may surprise unwary manufacturers and importers who havenot participated in the discussion.

The CPSC defines AI as any method for programmingcomputers or products to enable them to carry out tasks orbehaviors that would require intelligence if performed byhumans and machine learning as an iterative processof applying models or algorithms to data sets to learn and detectpatterns and/or perform tasks, such as prediction or decisionmaking that can approximate some aspects ofintelligence.3To inform the ongoingdiscussion on how to regulate AI, machine learning, and relatedtechnologies, the CPSC provides the following list ofconsiderations:

These factors and corresponding questions will guide theCPSC's efforts to establish policies and regulations thataddress current and potential safety concerns.

As indicated at the March 2, 2021 forum, the CPSC is taking someof its cues for its fledgling initiative from organizations thathave promulgated voluntary safety standards for AI, includingUnderwriters Laboratories (UL) and the International Organizationfor Standardization (ISO). UL 4600 Standard for Safety for theEvaluation of Autonomous Products covers fully autonomoussystems that move such as self-driving cars along with applicationsin mining, agriculture, maintenance, and other vehicles includinglightweight unmanned aerial vehicles.5Usinga claim-based approach, UL 4600 aims to acknowledge the deviationsfrom traditional safety practices that autonomy requires byassessing the reliability of hardware and software necessary formachine learning, ability to sense the operating environment, andother safety considerations of autonomy. The standard coverstopics like safety case construction, risk analysis, safetyrelevant aspects of the design process, testing, toolqualification, autonomy validation, data integrity, human-machineinteraction (for non-drivers), life cycle concerns, metrics andconformance assessment.6While UL 4600mentions the need for a security plan, it does not define whatshould be in that plan.

Since 2017, ISO has had an AI working group of 30 participatingmembers and 17 observing members.7This group,known as SC 42, develops international standards in the area of AIand for AI applications. SC 42 provides guidance to JTC 1aspecific joint technical committee of ISO and the InternationalElectrotechnical Commission (IEC)and other ISO and IECcommittees. As a result of their work, ISO has published sevenstandards that address AI-related topics and sub-topics, includingAI trustworthiness and big data referencearchitecture.8Twenty-two standards remain indevelopment.9

The CPSC might also look to the European Union's (EU)recent activity on AI, including a twenty-six-page white paperpublished in February 2020 that includes plans to propose newregulations this year.10On the heels of theGeneral Data Protection Regulation, the EU's regulatoryproposal is likely to emphasize privacy and data governance in itsefforts to build[] trust inAI.11Other areas of emphasis include humanagency and oversight, technical robustness and safety,transparency, diversity, non-discrimination and fairness, societaland environmental wellbeing, and accountability.12

***

Focused on AI and machine learning, the CPSC is contemplatingpotential new consumer product safety regulations. Manufacturersand importers of consumer products that use these technologieswould be well served to pay attention toand participateinfuture CPSC-initiated policymaking conversations, or riskbeing left behind or disadvantaged by what is to come.

Footnotes

1See Crag S. Smith, A.I. Here, There,Everywhere, N.Y. Times (Feb. 23, 2021), https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/23/technology/ai-innovation-privacy-seniors-education.html.

2 Erik K. Swanholt & Kristin M. McGaver,Consumer Product Companies Beware! CPSC Expected to Ramp upEnforcement of Product Safety Regulations (Feb. 24, 2021), https://www.foley.com/en/insights/publications/2021/02/cpsc-enforcement-of-product-safety-regulations.

385 Fed. Reg. 77183-84.

4Id.

5Underwriters Laboratories, Presenting theStandard for Safety for the Evaluation of Autonomous Vehicles andOther Products, https://ul.org/UL4600 (last visited Mar. 30,2021). It is important to note that autonomous vehicles fall underthe regulatory purview of the National Highway Traffic SafetyAdministration. See NHTSA, Automated DrivingSystems, https://www.nhtsa.gov/vehicle-manufacturers/automated-driving-systems.

6 Underwriters Laboratories, Presenting theStandard for Safety for the Evaluation of Autonomous Vehicles andOther Products, https://ul.org/UL4600 (last visited Mar. 30,2021).

7 ISO, ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 42, ArtificialIntelligence, https://www.iso.org/committee/6794475.html(last visited Mar. 30, 2021).

8ISO, Standards by ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 42,Artificial Intelligence, https://www.iso.org/committee/6794475/x/catalogue/p/1/u/0/w/0/d/0(last visited Mar. 30, 2021).

9Id.

10 See Commission White Paper on ArtificialIntelligence, COM (2020) 65 final (Feb. 19, 2020), https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/commission-white-paper-artificial-intelligence-feb2020_en.pdf.

11 European Commission, Policies, A European approachto Artificial Intelligence, https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/european-approach-artificial-intelligence(last updated Mar. 9, 2021).

12Commission White Paper on ArtificialIntelligence, at 9, COM (2020) 65 final (Feb. 19, 2020), https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/commission-white-paper-artificial-intelligence-feb2020_en.pdf.

Originally Published by Foley & Lardner, March2021

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The CPSC Digs In On Artificial Intelligence - Consumer Protection - United States - Mondaq News Alerts

A Fresh Perspective on Ports and Artificial Intelligence – The Maritime Executive

The highly automated port of Shanhai Yangshan (file image)

By Christopher Dodunski 04-02-2021 02:16:00

There seems no end to the plethora of software solutions suddenly seeming to have acquired the quality of artificial intelligence (AI).Little more than a decade after phones reportedly grew "smart,"you might now be wondering whether technology had crossed yet another historic threshold.For those of us who grew up watching 2001 A Space Odyssey and Knight Rider, the concept of non-human intelligencewhether benevolent or malevolentis nothing new.Not only does science fiction fuel our expectations, it has often demonstrated an uncanny ability at predicting real life technological advancements.Is the age of artificial intelligence now upon us?

What actually is Artificial Intelligence?

Wikipedia describes artificial intelligence this way: "Artificial intelligence (AI) is intelligence demonstrated by machines, unlike the natural intelligence displayed by humans and animals, which involves consciousness and emotionality."An alternative source states: "Artificial intelligence (AI) is a wide-ranging branch of computer science concerned with building smart machines capable of performing tasks that typically require human intelligence."Put simply, AI is the endeavour to replicate human intelligence in machines.This makes artificial intelligence a very broad concept.Aside from the obvious lack of consciousness and emotionality that comes from a machine, artificial intelligence can mean pretty much anything that replaces what normally required human intelligence.You might be thinking that this has been occurring for decadesfar longer than the current AI phenomenon.And you'd be right.

For a meaningful discussion on artificial intelligence, we need to consider what it means to those it's being marketed to.Which of their needs or expectations are being appealed to by those marketing systems boasting AI?Much of what we see and hear about artificial intelligence, after all, originates with software system providersthose with a vested interest in selling a product.Considered in this light, things become somewhat clearer.Generally, customers are expecting something capable of augmented decision making, at least matching but probably exceeding what an actual person is able to deliver.In light of this, let's reword the question raised at the beginning: Have we entered an era in which computer-based decision making will prove to be the difference between businesses that excel, and those that get left behind?This obviously includes ports.

To answer this, let's consider some simple truths.

What is real?

As humans we solve most of our problems using fast, intuitive judgments.Computers, on the other hand, employ algorithms to imitate simple step-by-step reasoning that humans use when solving puzzles or making logical deductions.There's a real difference between the two, and given that brain research has revealed only limited insights into how even basic thoughts get processed, efforts at closing the gap have been severely hampered.Consequently, the cognitive capabilities of current computer architectures are extremely limited, using only a simplified version of what intelligence is really capable of.The plain truth is that despite the brain's limitations, which we daily grapple with, to compare it with something as rudimentary as an electronic CPU and digital memory is egregiously wrong.

Does the apparent insurmountability in replicating human intelligence in a machine mean, however, that hardware and software engineers have reached the end of the road as to what is physically possible?Have we reached maximum 'smartness', so to speak?Far from it.

Without question computers have markedly improved over the years.Electronic processors (CPU) are vastly quicker today, and memory is faster, larger and cheaper.This has allowed software developers like myself to create ever larger and more complex applications, performing computations at speeds well beyond that of the brain.Whilst these gains don't in any way represent credible intelligence, they do however allow us to model the world in more expansive and detailed ways.Furthermore, we can dovetail and concurrently run larger numbers of algorithms.Paradoxically, this increased back-end sophistication has facilitated the creation of simpler and more intuitive user interfaces.This is because users are interacting with virtual models of the business domain, not raw data representations of it.And users just love it. It is this, coupled with advances in mobile device technology, that makes 2021 a truly exciting time to be involved in port related software systems.

All things considered, what is it then that really matters?

Not being swept along by unsubstantiated or unrealistic claims of artificial intelligence and machine learning certainly matters.Why?Because this distracts from what remains truly important when it comes to evaluating and implementing computer-based business tools.This begins with proper and complete requirements analysis, with well-grounded business objectives in mind.Too often overlooked, requirements analysis is the 80% of prep work that, as with a freshly painted home, largely determines the quality of the finish.

Flowing on from requirements analysis, appropriate modelling is another vital ingredient for any computer system intended to support complex, multi-party work environments such as ports or marine terminals.

In conclusion, the success of a software project has a great deal more to do with good requirements analysis and data modelling than any attempt at emulating intelligence.Therein lies the key message of this article.By remaining firmly focused on these few core areas, a port is more likely to achieve the goal of complementing a highly competent workforce with the best possible tools for the job.

Christopher Dodunski is the founder and lead developer of the MarineBerth port and marine terminal operating system (TOS).

The opinions expressed herein are the author's and not necessarily those of The Maritime Executive.

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A Fresh Perspective on Ports and Artificial Intelligence - The Maritime Executive