image:D. Sarah Stamps view more

Credit: Mike Lee for Virginia Tech

The Earths surface is ever incrementally moving and changing shape, breaking apart and forming new land masses and oceans. In the billions of years of history of planet Earth there have been 10 supercontinents, the most famous and recent being Pangaea breaking apart about 175 million years ago.

Africa itself is slowly separating into several large and small tectonic blocks along the diverging East African Rift System, which includes Madagascar the long island just off the coast of Southeast Africa that itself will also break apart into smaller islands. The culprit is the regions rich and deep intrusions of magma. Yet, Africa is also seeing continental rifts, the separations, in areas where there is no evidence of magma intrusions. These types of continent rifts are known as magma-poor or dry rifts. In short, if this were a mystery the culprits identity is unknown.

D. Sarah Stamps, an associate professor in the Department of Geosciences, part of the Virginia Tech College of Science wants to put her expertise in continental rifting to find the villain. Stamps recently was awarded a $3 million National Science Foundation grant for the DRIAR project (thats short for Dry Rifting In the Albertine-Rhino Graben, Uganda) to help spur her efforts.

You can think of the breakup of eastern Africa as the continuation of the breakup of Pangaea, said Stamps, leader of the Geodesy and Tectonophysics Laboratory. Eastern Africa is actively breaking up, and if it continues, well see new oceans forming. In the northern parts of East Africa, like in Ethiopia and the Afar region, its already extended to the point of forming baby oceanic areas. The spreading has already created new oceanic crust. The land is subsiding, and the first stages of new ocean basin formation is underway.

Further south in the central East African Rift System, the breakup of the continent is less intense. This is where Stamps has spent much of her research career. For this effort, Stamps is leading a large team of experts. From the U.S., her collaborators come from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, the University of Kansas, Northwestern University, the University of California, Davis, and Midwestern State University in Texas. In Uganda, the team is working directly with the governments Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development and with Makerere University in Uganda.

This team and I are very interested in understanding the physics of how a continent can break apart when there's no surface expression of magma as volcanoes, Stamps said.The team will focus on the Northern Western Branch of the East African Rift System located in Uganda, East Africa where magma-poor rifting is taking place. A wide range of geophysical, geological, and geochemical observations will be collected, and numerical modeling of the region will be performed to understand how the magma-poor rifts form and evolve.Among the answers Stamps and her collaborators seek to answer: In magma-rich rifts, is strain accommodated through lithospheric weakening from melt?; In magma-poor rifts, is melt present below the surface weakening the lithosphere such that strain is accommodated during upper crustal extension?; And in magma-poor rifts, what if there is no melt at depth and strain is accommodated along fluid-filled faults or pre-existing structures such as inherited compositional, structural, and rheological lithospheric heterogeneities?I hope there will definitely be impacts on our understanding of the physics of continental rifting, Stamps said. But we also have a lot of broader impacts with respect to capacity building in Uganda. So, were going to conduct field schools in Uganda to teach people how to use the equipment and analyze the data.

Working with Stamps are three scientists, a Ph.D. student in geosciences and a native of Uganda, Asenath Kwagalakwe, and two undergraduate students from the Academy of Data Sciences computational modeling and data analytics program, Esha Islam, a third-year student, and third-year student Crystal Lee. The Academy of Data Science is also part of the College of Science.I am working on the Albertine-Rhino Graben, which is the northernmost rift in the Western branch of the East African Rift System. My research interests are in investigating the physics of strain accommodation in the magma-poor Albertine-Rhino Graben of the East African Rift System using geodynamic modeling and GNSS [Global Navigation Satellite System] geodesy, said Kwagalakwe.Islam, for her part, took an elective geosciences course, and greatly enjoyed Stamps presence as a professor in the classroom. Islam asked Stamps about research opportunities. Data science is very flexible in what it can be applied to and coding is used in most STEM-related fields, so even though I didnt have any notable geoscience background, Dr. Stamps was willing to offer me a spot, she said.Currently, my job is to rerun test models of other graduate students to determine that we all get the same results.

Added Lee, I was brought into the project through my friend, Esha Islam, who has been working with Dr. Stamps for some time and is also a peer in my major. I was interested in joining the project when she talked to me about it because I wanted to expand upon my experience with data processing and modeling. Lee will be analyzing GNSS data collected in Uganda.Among the benefits from the study, in addition to better understanding continental rifting, Stamps points to improving estimates of carbon dioxide transfer into the atmosphere that occurs during continental rifting, advancing rifting models used for exploring natural resources, and creating new insights into seismic hazards associated with active faulting.

Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert system.

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55% of businesses now employ at least one team member dedicated to AI/ML solutions, although only 15% have their own separate AI division

Research fromSTX Next, Europes largest software development company specializing in the Python programming language, has found that 68% of chief technical officers (CTOs) have implemented machine learning at their company. This makes it overwhelmingly the most popular subset of AI, with others such as natural language processing (NLP), pattern recognition and deep learning also showing considerable growth.

Despite the popularity of AI and its various subsets, its also clear that AI implementation is still in its early phases and theres progress to be made in recruiting the talent needed for its development. In fact, 63% of CTOs reported that they arent actively hiring AI talent and of those that are, over 50% report facing recruitment challenges.

The findings were taken from STX Nexts 2021 Global CTO Survey, which gathered insights from 500 global CTOs about their organizations tech stack and what theyre looking to add to it in the future. Other key findings from the research included:

ukasz Grzybowski, Head of Machine Learning & Data Engineering at STX Next, said: The implementation of AI and its subsets in many companies is still in its early stages, as evidenced by the prevalence of small AI teams.

Its unsurprising to see machine learning as a definite leader when it comes to future technologies as its applications are becoming more widespread every day. Whats less obvious is the skills that people will need to take full advantage of its growth and face the challenges that will arise alongside it. Its important that CTOs and other leaders are wise to these challenges, and are willing to take the steps to increase their AI expertise in order to maintain their innovative edge.

Deep learning is a good example of where there is plenty of room for progress to be made. It is one of the fastest developing areas of AI, in particular when it comes to its application in natural language processing, natural language understanding, chatbots, and computer vision. Many innovative companies are trying to use deep learning to process unstructured data such as images, sounds, and text.

However, AI is still most commonly used to process structured data, which is evidenced by the high popularity of classical machine learning methods such as linear or logistic regression and decision trees.

Grzybowski concluded: To adapt AI to unstructured data, the technology will need to mature further. This is why initiatives such as MLOps have a major role to play, as long-term success will only be achieved when data scientists and operations professionals are all on the same page and fully committed to making AI and machine learning work for everyone.

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A commuter masks up for a bus ride in Liverpool, England. The omicron variant of the coronavirus has surged in the U.K. and is now dominant in the U.S. as well. There's now data indicating just how severe its symptoms might be. Paul Ellis/AFP via Getty Images hide caption

A commuter masks up for a bus ride in Liverpool, England. The omicron variant of the coronavirus has surged in the U.K. and is now dominant in the U.S. as well. There's now data indicating just how severe its symptoms might be.

When it was discovered, omicron alarmed scientists.

The variant looked wildly different from earlier versions of the coronavirus and it quickly became clear that these mutations gave omicron an uncanny ability to sidestep our vaccines and spread very rapidly.

But it has taken longer to untangle what, if anything, sets an omicron illness apart from that of its predecessors. And most of all, does this variant cause less severe disease than the variants that have come before it?

With infections at all-time highs in the U.S., the clinical picture is now coming together and starting to confirm what other countries have found a typical case of omicron not only presents slightly differently but also likely carries a lower chance of getting seriously ill.

Scientists at Case Western Reserve University have preliminary evidence that the risk of being admitted to the hospital or the intensive care unit during the omicron surge in the U.S. is about half of the risk observed during the delta surge. And this reflects what doctors across the country are now seeing firsthand with their patients.

"This is a pretty different surge," says Dr. Brendan Carr, chair of emergency medicine for the Mount Sinai Health System where the emergency rooms are busier than ever but many of the COVID-19 patients are not sick enough to be admitted.

But as with any variant of SARS-CoV-2, your absolute risk depends on many factors, including whether you're vaccinated and boosted, your age, your overall health and your economic situation.

"In the older age group, it's still a nasty disease, even if it's less [nasty] than the delta variant," says Dr. Pamela Davis, who's a pulmonologist at Case Western Reserve University and a senior author on the new study. "You don't get off scot-free just because you happen to be infected in the time of omicron."

"While omicron does appear to be less severe compared to delta, especially in those vaccinated, it does not mean it should be categorized as 'mild,' " said the World Health Organization's director-general, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, on Thursday. "Just like previous variants, omicron is hospitalizing people and it is killing people."

Indeed, hospitalizations across the U.S. now stand at more than 126,000, and more than 1 in every 4 ICU beds is filled with a COVID-19 patient, according to the latest data from the Department of Health and Human Services.

What those hospital numbers don't tell us is what a typical case looks like.

As with previous variants, the vast majority of people infected with omicron have a mix of symptoms that resolve relatively quickly and don't require hospital care.

And doctors are finding many of these cases tend to look like an ordinary upper respiratory infection. In other words, what you think of as the common cold.

"It's mostly that runny nose, sore throat and nasal congestion," says Dr. John Vanchiere, the associate director of the Center for Emerging Viral Threats at LSU Health Shreveport. "The cough is milder [than previous variants], if there's any cough at all, and fever seems to be a little less common."

This fits with early data from the U.K. showing that fever and cough are not as prevalent with omicron cases there and that the five top symptoms are runny nose, headache, fatigue, sneezing and sore throat.

With omicron, the symptoms also come on more quickly once you're infected. Several studies have found that the incubation period the time it takes to develop symptoms after being exposed is about three days. In contrast, delta took about four days, and the original variant took more than five.

Another difference doctors are noticing: Loss of smell and taste considered a telltale sign of COVID-19 is not nearly as common with omicron infections. And fewer patients have symptoms related to lower respiratory problems, such as shortness of breath, says Vanchiere, including older patients.

At the same time, it appears anecdotally at least that certain symptoms show up more with omicron than they did with delta. Three that have gained attention are nausea, night sweats and lower back pain.

But it's very possible that doctors and patients are simply paying more attention to these symptoms than they did with earlier variants, says Dr. Scott Roberts, an assistant professor of infectious diseases at the Yale School of Medicine.

"A lot of this is probably magnifying these symptoms under a microscope instead of clear changes," he says. "Omicron versus delta are really more similar than they are different."

And just like earlier variants, omicron can't be defined as causing only a narrow group of symptoms. As at earlier stages in the pandemic, many patients are still having some combination of fever, gastrointestinal problems, aches and pains, brain fog, weakness and, less often, trouble breathing, says Mount Sinai's Carr.

"Omicron can present in a myriad of different ways," he says.

It's also still not clear how much vaccines and prior infections are responsible for some of these early clinical impressions that omicron is causing a milder constellation of symptoms, says Dr. Daniel Griffin, who's chief of infectious diseases at ProHEALTH in New York and an instructor at Columbia University.

"It just seems that people who have been vaccinated ahead of time are getting much milder symptoms across the board," he says.

This was the case even before omicron: People who had breakthrough infections tended to have fewer symptoms and milder ones than those who were unvaccinated.

With SARS-CoV-2, the big danger is that a mild illness will turn into a life-threatening one. Although that could definitely still happen with omicron, the risk appears to be lower than it was with delta.

A study published online on Jan. 2 provides some of the first compelling evidence from the U.S. that the chance of ending up in the hospital is lower with omicron compared with the delta variant.

Scientists at Case Western Reserve University analyzed health records from more than a half-million people infected with SARS-CoV-2 across the country, including 14,000 people possibly infected with omicron from Dec. 15 to 24, after the variant became dominant.

"In this period, we still have delta circulating in the community. But you're pushing more and more and more toward the omicron variant," says Davis, who contributed to the study.

Then the researchers looked to see if there was a difference between people infected during the end of the delta wave and those infected during the early stage of the omicron wave. "The difference was huge," says data scientist Rong Xu, who led the study and is also at Case Western Reserve University. "We didn't need to do any complicated statistics to see the difference."

Xu and her colleagues found that the risk of needing to go to the ER dropped from about 15% during the delta surge to 5% during the early omicron surge (about a 70% decrease) and the risk of being hospitalized dropped from 4% to 2% (or by 50%).

If a person did end up in the hospital, the person's risk of being admitted to the ICU or being put on a ventilator also decreased substantially at the end of December compared with during the delta surge. Specifically, the risk of being admitted to the ICU fell from 0.8% to 0.4% (or by 50%) and the chance of being put on a ventilator fell from 0.4% to 0.1%.

This lower risk with omicron is also consistent with what scientists have observed in South Africa and the United Kingdom.

Xu and her team estimate that, in their study, about 60% of the people were vaccinated. So some of this lower risk could be because of vaccination, but the data altogether suggests that there is a reduced risk for hospitalization with the omicron variant compared with the delta variant.

In particular, Xu and her team observed a similar reduction in risk across all age groups, including children under age 5, who are not eligible for vaccination, and children ages 5 to 15, who may have been vaccinated but haven't been boosted.

That consistency, Xu says, suggests the reduction in severity is due, in part, to something inherent with omicron itself and not simply because of changes in vaccination status.

"So this is really something that's different between omicron and delta," Xu says. That all said, this reduction in risk doesn't mean omicron will be mild for everyone. For people who are at high risk for severe disease, such as older people or those with underlying health issues, the chance of being hospitalized is still quite significant. For example, if you're over age 65, your risk of being hospitalized with COVID-19 is still 5% with the omicron variant, which means 1 in 20 people infected in this age group will end up in the hospital. (By contrast, with the original version of the virus, the rate was 1 in 10.)

"The risk is not zero," says Xu's colleague Davis, speaking of omicron. "Many people are still going to be admitted to the ICU, and some people are still going to need to have mechanical ventilation."

That's why, she says, everyone should be vaccinated and boosted. As with previous variants, being vaccinated greatly protects you from severe disease with omicron. A study from the U.K. government, published last week, found that three doses of vaccine cuts the risk of hospitalization due to omicron by about 80% compared with a person who's not vaccinated at all.

Even though early data shows that omicron is milder than delta, many hospitals are packed because the sheer number of people getting infected is enormous.

And doctors are finding a key difference among their patients who are ending up in the ER or being admitted: Many are neither struggling to breath nor dealing with perilously low oxygen levels.

Those two conditions were "a hallmark of the first disease and of delta and not nearly as prominent in omicron," says Mount Sinai's Carr.

In the past, it was basically a given that a severe case of COVID-19 would wreak havoc on the lungs, at times leading to pneumonia and uncontrolled inflammation. But this apparent change in the disease that a severe infection in the lungs doesn't seem as common means fewer people need supplemental oxygen or intubation.

"They're not short of breath, and really the lungs are OK," says Roberts, of Yale. These observations also line up with lab research that shows omicron does not replicate in lung tissue as well as delta.

Many of the patients who are being hospitalized often have some underlying health condition, or they're older and more vulnerable to a viral infection. "What we're seeing is something really tips these patients over the edge," says Roberts. For example, an omicron infection may lead to complications of an existing condition such as diabetes or heart failure.

But Roberts says it's still quite rare for people who are vaccinated and boosted to get seriously ill from omicron. About 80% of the patients at Yale New Haven Hospital are unvaccinated. And among those who are vaccinated, almost all have not received a booster shot.

While it's welcome news that omicron is easier on the lungs, ProHEALTH's Griffin says it's not that way for some of his patients. And among unvaccinated people, he says, an omicron infection can feel like the same unforgiving disease to him.

"If we have a patient who's younger, if we have a patient who's vaccinated, if we have a patient who recently recovered from delta, we're tending to see very mild disease with omicron," says Griffin. "But people who are fresh, with no preexisting immunity, it's hard to see that the virus is milder."

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Is the omicron variant less severe? And what are its symptoms? : Shots - Health News - NPR

About the position

The Department of Electric Power Engineering (IEL), at the Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), invites applications for a PhD Candidate position in Data-driven load disaggregation and building load profile classification. This PhD position is associated with the Electricity Markets and Energy System Planning (EMESP) research group at IEL and a part ofCOFACTORproject funded by the Research Council of Norway.

Electrification of all enduse sectors, including transportation and buildings, is identified as a key enabler in the transition to a sustainable energy system. This will lead to increased electricity demand, increased peak load and modified consumption patterns, challenging traditional grid planning practices.

COFACTOR project will provide new knowledge on current and future load profiles for typical Norwegian buildings and establish a methodology for calculating their peak load considering coincidence factors of different energy services. The project will collect a comprehensive data set of detailed energy measurements for approximately 400 buildings. However, most Norwegian buildings have meter values for hourly total net energy use, but detailed measurements of energy use separated on different energy services behind the meter are usually not available.

COFACTOR will develop new data-driven methods for load disaggregation. Detailed knowledge on disaggregated load profiles behind the meter provides the basis to evaluate how these technologies interact and how buildings can become active nodes in the electricity grid, thus playing a key role in the transition to a sustainable energy system.

In this context, the main task of the PhD candidate in the doctoral work will be two-fold. First, to develop a modeling framework and methodologies for load disaggregation to specially account for energy demand services and energy technologies (domestic hot water, space heating, EV charging, PV panels, other appliances, etc.) using advanced statistics and machine learning. Second, to use disaggregated load data for classifying building load profiles and providing insights into the relationship between different buildings categories and their energy demand services.

The prospective candidate will be part of theElectricity Markets and Energy System Planning (EMESP) research group.The candidate will also cooperate closely with the Cofaktor research team. The PhD candidate will have the opportunity to collaborate with researchers in project partner institutions and benefit from collaborative research and education activities.

The duration of the PhD employment is 3 years.

Main supervisor: Associate ProfessorJayaprakash Rajasekharan- NTNUCo-supervisor: Associate ProfessorKaren Byskov Lindberg- NTNUThe position's working place is NTNU campus in Trondheim.

The candidate will report to the Head of the Department at IEL.

We are looking for PhD candidates from all nationalities, who want to contribute to our quest to create knowledge for a better world.

Duties of the position

The candidate is expected to work towards

Required selection criteria

In addition, the candidate must have:

Expertise in following technical areas is an added advantage

The appointment is to be made in accordance with the regulations in force concerningState Employees and Civil ServantsandRegulations concerning the degrees ofPhilosophiaeDoctor (PhD)andPhilosodophiaeDoctor (PhD) in artistic researchnational guidelines for appointment as PhD, post doctor and research assistant

Preferred selection criteria

Personal characteristics

We offer

Salary and conditions

PhD candidates are remunerated in code 1017 and are normally remunerated at gross from NOK 491 200 per annum before tax, however it may be negotiable (increased) depending on high level of qualifications and research experience of the candidate. From the salary, 2% is deducted as a contribution to the Norwegian Public Service Pension Fund.

The period of employment is3years.

Appointment to a PhD position requires that the candidate is admitted to the PhD programme inElectric Power Engineeringwithin three months of employment, and that candidate participates in an organized PhD programme during the employment period.

The engagement is to be made in accordance with the regulations in force concerning State Employees and Civil Servants, and the acts relating to Control of the Export of Strategic Goods, Services and Technology. Candidates who by assessment of the application and attachment are seen to conflict with the criteria in the latter law will be prohibited from recruitment to NTNU. After the appointment you must assume that there may be changes in the area of work.

It is a prerequisite you can be present at and accessible to the institution daily.

About the application

The application and supporting documentation to be used as the basis for the assessment must be in English. Please note that applications are only evaluated based on the information available on the application deadline. Application must clearly highlight the candidates skills and experience that meet the criteria set out above.

Please submit your application electronically via Jobbnorge website. Applications submitted elsewhere/incomplete applications will not be considered. Applicants must upload the following documents within the closing date:

In the evaluation of which candidate is best qualified, emphasis will be placed on education, experience and personal suitability. Incomplete applications will not be assessed.

NTNU is committed to following evaluation criteria for research quality according toThe San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment - DORA.

General information

Working at NTNU

A good work environment is characterized by diversity. We encourage qualified candidates to apply, regardless of their gender, functional capacity or cultural background.

The city of Trondheimis a modern European city with a rich cultural scene. Trondheim is the innovation capital of Norway with a population of 200,000. The Norwegian welfare state, including healthcare, schools, kindergartens and overall equality, is probably the best of its kind in the world. Professional subsidized day-care for children is easily available. Furthermore, Trondheim offers great opportunities for education (including international schools) and possibilities to enjoy nature, culture and family life and has low crime rates and clean air quality.

As an employeeatNTNU, you must at all times adhere to the changes that the development in the subject entails and the organizational changes that are adopted.

According to the Information Act (Offentleglova), your name, age, position and municipality may be made public even if you have requested not to have your name entered on the list of applicants.If you have any questions about the position, please contact XXX, telephone XXX, email xxx. If you have any questions about the recruitment process, please contact xxx, e-mail: XXX

Please submit your application electronically via jobbnorge.no with your CV, diplomas and certificates. Applications submitted elsewhere will not be considered. Diploma Supplement is required to attach for European Master Diplomas outside Norway. Chinese applicants are required to provide confirmation of Master Diploma fromChina Credentials Verification (CHSI).

If you have any questions about the position, please contact Associate Prof.Jayaprakash Rajasekharan(Jayaprakash.rajasekharan@ntnu.no). If you have any questions about the recruitment process, please contactBodil Wold(bodil.wold@ntnu.no).

Application deadline: 04.02.2022

NTNU - knowledge for a better world

NTNU - knowledge for a better world

The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) creates knowledge for a better world and solutions that can change everyday life.

Department of Electric Power Engineering

The Department of Electric Power Engineering is one of the seven departments at the Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering. Our department is Norways leading in the field, and our vision is to be at the centre of the digital, green shift. We have excellent collaboration with business and industry as well as other universities and research organizations internationally. This gives us outstanding opportunities for interdisciplinary research with high relevance for the society, addressing industrial needs and global challenges.

Deadline4th February 2022EmployerNTNU - Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyMunicipalityTrondheimScopeFulltimeDurationTemporaryPlace of serviceNTNU Campus Trondheim

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PhD Candidate in Data-driven Load Disaggregation and Building Load Profile Classification job with NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY -...

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Begin a new career as a data scientist with this $20 training bundle | TheHill - The Hill