Category Archives: Deep Mind
GARY COSBY JR.: Deep thinking shows the power of a blown mind – Tuscaloosa Magazine
I like to think about things that are beyond me, even beyond the scope of my imagination. One of those things is the size of the universe.
We can say the universe, at least the part we have seen to date, is just under 14 billion light years in size. That is so many miles it is inexpressible in any meaningful way, yet we hold an image of the universe in our minds and in so doing we have condensed it to fit our brain space. Please allow me to blow your mind for a moment.
Light travels at 186,282 miles per second. Thats really fast, so fast, in fact, that light speed on Earth is virtually instantaneous. The planet itself has a circumference of only about 24,900 miles, so light could lap the Earth more than seven times in a single second. Still seems pretty dang fast.
Now back off a step and look at the sun, that beautiful life-giving orb in our sky. It is roughly 93 million miles away and it takes that ultra-fast photon screaming through the void over eight minutes to reach us. Dang! But wait, like a good late-night shopping infomercial, there is more.
Lets take a step back and have a look at our galaxy, the Milky Way. Did you know our galaxy measures 105,700 light years across? That means the photons reaching us from stars on the far side of the galaxy originated 105,700 years ago. If you are into evolution, that would be about 60,000 years before Paleolithic manstarted making cave paintings.
Now check this out. The Milky Way contains at least 100 billion stars and maybe as many as 400 billion. Now theres a number to blow your mind, but again, there is more. Our galaxy is not a monster. It is, in fact, rather ordinary in terms of galactic size. Our galaxy is but one of at least 200 billion galaxies in the known universe and an English scientist in 2016 postulated there might well be at least 2 trillion galaxies.
Our nearest neighbor is practically across the street from us relative to those unimaginable terms. Andromeda is a mere 2.5 million light years away. That means the light we see from Andromeda tonight originated in that galaxy 2.5 million years ago, and it has been racing through space at 186,282 miles per second every moment since it was emitted.
Holy cow!
Using some theoretical extrapolation based upon the Milky Way, scientists believe there must be more than 200 sextillion stars in the universe. That is 200 followed by 21 zeroes. The number of those stars having planetary systems capable of hosting human-style life defies imagination. A long time ago in a galaxy far, far away … Well, only God truly knows.
And that is kind of my point. I love to think about the universe because it is the only thing that is even close to being big enough to give me any kind of picture of God.
It also helps me see the problems mankind faces with a bit of perspective, and that alone makes my little daydream worth doing. We get so caught up in and bogged down by petty political crap, arguments, discrimination issues, wars, pandemics you name it that I find it tremendously helpful to allow my mind to be blown by what lies beyond.
I am so amazed by this planet, by its beauty and diversity; my mind goes into spasms of joy as I contemplate what else could be out there. It makes me wish to have been born in some later time when real space travel might be possible, to a time when we might actually have manned flight out of our solar system to our nearest neighboring star. That, by the way, would be Alpha Centauri A and B, a mere four and a quarter light years away.
No conventional matter can travel faster than the speed of light, but even if an object approaches light speed weird things happen to it relative to time. If you could travel on a starship at near the speed of light you would age at a rate disproportionately slow relative to a person standing on Earth. Yeah, it gets complicated.
If I could find that spaceship and rush over at near the speed of light I could be there and back in just under nine years. Well, that would be nine years for me, but everybody I know would be long, long dead, since time for yall would pass ever so much faster relative to me because every day of travel at near-light speed would be about 200 years of elapsed time on Earth.
Oh well, maybe I will try traveling to another universe using a convenient Einstein-Rosen Bridge so I can tell my friends about the wonders out there while they still live. I wonder if there will be a bridge toll, or maybe even better, a bridge troll? Wouldnt that be fun!
Gary Cosby Jr. is photo editor of The Tuscaloosa News. Readers can email him at gary.cosby@tuscaloosanews.com.
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GARY COSBY JR.: Deep thinking shows the power of a blown mind - Tuscaloosa Magazine
12 years after this teen was locked up, the prosecutor who convicted him changed his mind – Los Angeles Times
WEST SACRAMENTO, Calif.
In the lonely monotony of High Desert State Prison, there were no visitors and little mail for Renwick Drake Jr., so the letter was a curiosity when it arrived in the summer of 2020.
It told Drake about a new law, meant to undo too-harsh sentences. Maybe, it said, the district attorney would take another look at his case after 11 years of incarceration.
But maybes are dangerous in prison, dealers of counterfeit hope. The letter felt like another false flag from the system that had put Drake behind bars at age 15, when he was a skinny skater who thought he knew everything until, too late, he realized he knew nothing. Little Ren to the family he left behind, hed been inmate No. AL9471 ever since.
A letter wasnt going to get him out, he thought, and neither was the D.A. who put him here. There was only patience and himself.
Drake put the letter aside and went back to serving his time. He had 12 years to go.
But the maybe had ahold of him.
::
Yolo County Dist. Atty. Jeff Reisig was three years into his first term when Drake was arrested in 2009.
Yolo County Dist. Atty. Jeff Reisig stands under the motto of his office.
(Jason Armond / Los Angeles Times)
Reisig hadnt planned on being the top cop of this semi-agricultural county northwest of Sacramento. His boss came into his office one Friday afternoon to announce he was retiring and wanted Reisig, a prosecutor, to run.
Reisig sometimes wonders how life would have been if he wasnt a politician. Easier maybe, less stressful. There were a lot of haters, a lot more to the ugly underbelly of politics than he had realized going into that initial race. It was so bad, he said, that the campaign broke up his first marriage.
A former bodybuilder with a linebackers shoulders and close-cropped gray hair that makes him look like Pixars Buzz Lightyear, Reisig had come to Yolo to study the business of agriculture at UC Davis. Growing up in Gilroy, hed worked on a flower farm owned by his sisters husband, spending more time in the office going over numbers than among the larkspur and belladonnas. But at Davis, he found the law more interesting than crops. He landed an internship with the Yolo County Public Defenders office and went to law school.
He had a rebellious nature that relished being the underdog in the courtroom, Reisig said, always had a little bit of a fight the man streak.
A person walks by the Superior Court of Yolo County.
(Jason Armond/Los Angeles Times)
At the same time, it was an education in how the justice system really worked. Being a public defender, all you do is go in and shoot holes in the wall, Reisig said. To have an impact, a dramatic impact, you had to be a prosecutor.
So, in 1997, after a boring stint in agricultural law, he applied to the Yolo D.A. at the height of Californias tough-on-crime era.
In 1994, a year after 12-year-old Polly Klaas was kidnapped from her own home and killed by a felon not too far from Yolo, then-Gov. Pete Wilson signed the Three Strikes law, propelled by the activism of Pollys father. In 2000, voters passed Proposition 21, increasing penalties on youth offenders, and allowing more children to be tried as adults.
Reisig felt for the victims of violence, he said, at a time when violence seemed rampant. He went after drug dealers, he went after thieves, he went after gang members with a zealousness that brought controversy. He won prosecutor of the year awards multiple times.
Reisig said he tried to balance his duties with what he learned as a public defender, but the overwhelming message that young prosecutors were getting at that time throughout California was that criminals are nails and we were the hammers. Hammer away.
::
For Drake, Nov. 20, 2009, would be a wrong place, wrong time, wrong decision day. He did not like math, so that Friday, he cut class, like he had before.
Renwick Drake Jr., center, shown with his friend Chardonnay Blakes, left, with her son Amir Blakes, 27 months, and his younger brother Joseph Drake in West Sacramento.
(Gary Coronado / Los Angeles Times)
He was the new kid in 10th grade, and missed friends back in the San Gabriel Valley, where hed gotten in enough trouble to land himself on probation, according to court records. His family had moved a few months earlier from Rowland Heights to West Sacramento because his father, Renwick Drake Sr. Big Ren got a good job at an Oakland car dealership.
Little Ren was rebellious and independent, and maybe a little adrift. His mother, Rachel Frye, recalled that their house could be chaotic and crowded.
I was lost, Drake said. I made it hard on myself because I was trying to be grown up too soon.
The day he skipped math, he got caught and his parents were called into the principals office. Big Ren told him to go straight home from school and stay there, but he didnt. He went out with his skateboard he was good enough to dream of getting sponsored and ran into a 16-year-old gang member he had met weeks before.
The boys went to a skatepark, where three other teens were hanging out one had just been paid and had an envelope full of cash. The gang member pulled out a .22 and pointed it at the head of the boy with the money. Drake reached into the victims pockets and took $240 and his cellphone.
The gang member fired a shot as he and Drake ran off, but the victims gave chase thinking the revolver was a cap gun, according to court documents. The gang member fired again, but the boys caught up at a parking lot and demanded the phone back. Drake slid it to them across the pavement, but the gang member handed him the weapon and told him to shoot. Drake pulled the trigger, hitting the trees above the victims.
Drake was arrested that day. He remained in a juvenile lockup until he was convicted in 2012 by a jury and sentenced to 24 years for robbery with an enhancement for using a gun an improvement, he believed, from the deal Reisigs office had offered: 39 years. The gang member received more than 37 years.
When he was transferred at age 18 from county jail to state prison, Big Ren gave him some advice: Man up. Drake remembers riding the bus to the prison in Tracy and asking the men shackled around him what to expect. He got no answers. He was later sent to High Desert in Lassen County north of Lake Tahoe, remote and too far for visitors.
I was lost. I made it hard on myself because I was trying to be grown up too soon.
Renwick Drake Jr.
Isolated and a kid in a world of violent men, he figured out what he needed to do to survive. He kept his head down, stayed in his lane, as he puts it. He drew, portraits of people he met and those he remembered. Having earned his GED while in juvenile hall, he started college computer courses.
He also read a lot: thrillers by John Grisham until he grew bored with them, language books to teach himself Spanish, then self-help books that all said the same thing take responsibility.
In 2016, he started a self-help group, Truly Redefine Yourself (TRY), leading weekly workshops focused on running life like a business thoughtful, methodical, drama-free. But mostly he figured out what it meant to man up, past the fear, past the anger.
Renwick Drake Jr., right, with his father, Renwick Drake Sr., in West Sacramento. Renwicks dad flew in from Los Angeles the day before to see his son.
(Gary Coronado / Los Angeles Times)
The rebellious kid who hated being still and thought he knew everything learned patience. He practiced, hour by hour, day by day, how to be quiet, even in his mind. He learned to physically be motionless, sitting like a statue with only his thumbs twirling round and round each other, the only sign that patience is hard, a discipline.
He stayed out of trouble and focused on freedom, receiving only four write-ups in 12 years. He tried to avoid anyone or anything that would keep him locked up one extra day.
But the letter from Yolo gnawed at him. Hed ignored a similar letter more than a year earlier. But what if?
He looked up the new resentencing law and wasnt impressed. It gave the district attorney the power to ask for his sentence to be reduced. What D.A. did that?
He asked a few friends what they thought. It cant hurt, said one.
Drake wrote back.
::
Yolo District Attorney Jeff Reisig.
(Jason Armond/Los Angeles Times)
Reisig was in his second term when Drake was convicted, and he was resentful. He had been for a while, ever since his vicious first campaign, one that devolved into nastiness, and left Reisig with a bitterness he couldnt seem to quell.
The whole experience scarred me, he said. Constantly under scrutiny and attack, I had to figure out how do I survive in this job and not let it eat me alive.
He realized, Reisig said, that he had to forgive the people he felt had wronged him, professionally and personally. He thought about his mother, a public school teacher who taught at a continuation high school, filled with people looking for another shot.
She had this deep belief in this ability for people to be redeemed, for people to get second chances and turn it around, and she talked about it a lot, Reisig said. She also believed, he said, that everybody can choose their destiny, and sometimes they need some help along the way to figure it out.
Column One
A showcase for compelling storytelling from the Los Angeles Times.
At the same time, the justice system was changing. A small group of prosecutors were examining their roles and asking what they could do to reform the system from within. It interested Reisig, but he didnt see himself reflected in their political ideologies.
But the guy who liked poring over the numbers on the flower farm studied statistics from his department and saw that the data on recidivism were terrible, especially with drug-related offenses. People he was convicting for a dime bag of dope or a petty theft were serving long sentences but quickly reoffended after release.
I was looking at it thinking, God, these people are totally sick and addicted and they werent hurting anybody, violently anyway, and we are sending them off for double-digit terms.
Reisig has two nephews who were caught up in drugs. One died of a drug-related death. The other has been addicted to heroin and living on the streets for eight years, he said. They seldom leave his mind.
In 2012, he visited a neighborhood court started by Kamala Harris when she was district attorney of San Francisco. It centered on restorative justice, the idea that victims, perpetrators and communities could work together on a kind of redress that served everyone involved by rehabilitating offenders and helping them make amends to, or at least peace with, those harmed without jail. Reisig started a similar program in Yolo, increasingly emphasizing redemption rather than punishment.
His efforts, he said, have occasionally earned him internal rebukes from others in the D.A.'s office, including, Here comes Jeff in his Birkenstocks.
::
Prisons are filled with thousands of felons whose offenses would net different punishments if committed today girls whose convictions are tied to being forced into into sex trafficking, offenders who have served their main sentence but are working through years of enhancements, nonviolent offenders who took their addictions and mental illness with them behind bars.
I dont care which side of the aisle you are on. Cant we agree that people can earn a second chance?
Yolo County Dist. Atty. Jeff Reisig
These days, a teen likely wouldnt be charged as an adult as was Drake. And that teen almost certainly would not be sentenced to decades in prison.
But little has changed for those convicted before reforms went into effect, in part because there are few ways to reduce a sentence once a judge closes a case. Only state prison officials and a short list of others had the power to recommend an early release.
Prosecutors have all the power to send people to prison but no power to get them out, said Hillary Blout, a former prosecutor.
In 2018, California passed a first-in-the-nation law, dreamt up by Blout, that effectively gives prosecutors the power to undo their own harshest work if they believe the outcome no longer serves justice.
Under the law, only about 100 people nearly all men have seen their time cut so far, said Blout, now executive director of the nonprofit For the People. Persuading prosecutors to second guess their records has been a tough sell for many reasons the effort to vet a candidate for early release, money to fund the work, the unpopularity of letting people out of prison in an era when some crime is rising.
In the hopes of putting more energy in the law, this years state budget includes $18 million for a pilot project to help prosecutors seek out cases that may warrant another look in nine counties: Yolo, Los Angeles, San Diego, Santa Clara, San Francisco, Riverside, Contra Costa, Merced and Humboldt.
In L.A., Dist. Atty. George Gascon opened a resentencing unit in April, and his office estimates it has 20,000 cases to review.
Reisig, head of California District Attorneys Assn., insists that he is not in the same category as progressives like Gascon. But he hopes he can bridge an increasingly acrimonious fight among Californias 58 county district attorneys about how far is too far when it comes to mercy.
I dont care which side of the aisle you are on. Cant we agree that people can earn a second chance? he asked.
::
For a year after Drake answered the letter, his life at High Desert remained mostly unchanged.
He had little idea that, based on his answer, the public defender and Blouts staff had put together an argument for freeing him that Reisig was considering.
It was a careful, cautious process, said Reisig. It included making sure Drakes victims felt OK with his release.
It turned out that Drakes efforts to stay in his lane had paid off. Reisigs office filed a petition with the court in August, in effect asking for Drakes sentence to be cut to time served.
The court moved quickly. Drake was informed a judge would consider his case within weeks the maybe that had been stuck in his mind slid into his heart. The day of a virtual hearing, a paperwork snafu prevented him from attending. He was convinced failing to appear had ended his chances.
For hours, Drake didnt know what happened. Finally, he was able to call his mom, who had spoken with the woman who had first written Drake about resentencing.
She was Sara Johnson, an attorney working at the Yolo County Public Defenders Office as a paralegal, the only available job despite her training. Drake called her pushy for all the letters she wrote him after his first reply, and he was grateful for it.
Johnson had news for Little Rens mother: He was coming home.
He had paid his debt, more than he owed, Drakes mother told him. The judge had set him free.
I felt numb a little bit, Drake said. Because I didnt know how to feel about it.
Four days later, too fast to wrap his mind around it, he was released from High Desert, leaving everything behind. His artwork, his books, his television he wanted none of it, no reminders of inmate No. AL9471.
Then he walked in disbelief and with hope through the checkpoints, through the gates, to where his little brother Joseph, who was 12 when Drake went away, was waiting for him in a borrowed car.
It had been so long, Little Ren didnt recognize him.
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12 years after this teen was locked up, the prosecutor who convicted him changed his mind - Los Angeles Times
OPINION: Of course, it’s true: I read it on the internet – Sarasota Herald-Tribune
Pete Tannen| Sarasota Herald-Tribune
These days many Americans seem to be frightened by an imaginary conspiracy group called The Deep State."Its hidden someplace in Washington, D.C., and it has satanic, socialist plans for our country.
How do I know this? The media talks about it incessantly.
But doesnt the media also have an obligation to tell us the whole story and particularly about some of the other things that have these Deep State folks worried?
You may find this hard to believe, but there are other, even more terrifyingthreats to America out there.
For example,did you know that the United Nations is planning to invade the United States? Seriously it will happen any day now. Never mind that the U.N.has trouble just allocating parking places to their delegates in New York City. We need to take this threat very seriously.
And golfers should also know that one of the U.N.s primary goals is to take over our best golf courses. (This may be funny to you, but it is serious stuff to dedicated golfers.)
Then there are the lizards. Its a known fact that 4% of Americans now believe that our government is run by shape-changing lizard people from another galaxy. Or possibly from deep inside our own planet, warmed by an alternate sun.
When you look at them they appear to be ordinary politicians in suits or dresses. But the instant you look away, they revert to their alien, lizard forms. (Thenif you glance back at them, they change shape in a nano-second and appear to be ordinary people again!)
And lets not forget the Nazis. Isnt it about time we learned the real truth about what they did in Antarctica?
During World War II, the Nazis not only flew jet fighters way before the Allies did they also built flying saucer prototypes that they sent to a secret base in Antarctica as the war was ending.
Some people think they were colluding with aliens at that time, which would explain a lot. Its clear that their flying saucers are still operating today, according to many Deep State followers in Nevada.
Of course, theres also a large group of people who believethat the entire universe, including all of our memories, was created last Thursday. Butthats way too complicated to explain in one newspaper column.
Here's the bottom line: since themass media are ignoring all of this, the sensible thing to do is to check out these theories for yourself. The internet, of course, is the perfect place to do this.
Its where informed, patriotic Americans find out whats really happening behind the scenes in this countryand where you willfind millions of like-minded people who support every single conspiracy theory on this page.*
Hey, ifyou cant believe the internet, who can you believe?
* NOTE: Everything youve just read here is actually on the internet. No joke. I did not make up a single word.
A resident of Sarasota, Pete Tannen is an award-winning humor writer,newspaper columnist andTV show writer. He is also arenowned Senior Influencer."
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OPINION: Of course, it's true: I read it on the internet - Sarasota Herald-Tribune
I Have to Believe John Sarno’s Book Cured My Chronic Pain – The New York Times
Nov. 9, 2021
Every time someone tells me their backs been giving them trouble, I lower my voice before launching into my spiel: I swear Im not woo-woo, but
Let me rewind a bit. For more than a decade, I had a near-constant throbbing in my left piriformis, a small muscle deep in the butt. I tried treating it with physical therapy, ultrasound and Botox injections. At one point, I even considered surgery to cut the muscle in half in order to decompress the sciatic nerve that runs underneath.
Then, in 2011, I picked up a library copy of the 1991 best seller Healing Back Pain: The Mind-Body Connection. It claimed that, in order to distract the sufferer from repressed anxiety, anger or feelings of inferiority, the brain creates pain in the neck, shoulders, back and butt by decreasing blood flow to the muscles and nerves.
The books author, Dr. John Sarno, was a rehabilitation physician at New York University and something of an evangelist, touting a methodology bolstered by anecdotes from his practice and passionate testimonials from patients like Howard Stern or Larry David, who described his recovery from back pain as the closest thing that Ive ever had in my life to a religious experience.
According to Dr. Sarno, nearly all chronic pain is caused by repressed emotions. By undergoing psychotherapy or journaling about them, he said, you could drag them out of your unconscious and cure yourself without drugs, surgery or special exercises. I chose journaling and began writing pages-long lists of everything I was angry, insecure or worried about.
I appreciated the tidy logic of Dr. Sarnos theory: emotional pain causes physical pain. And I liked the reassurance it gave me that even though my pain didnt stem from a wonky gait or my sleeping position, it was real. I didnt like that no one in the medical community seemed to side with Dr. Sarno, or that he had no studies to back up his program.
But I couldnt deny it worked for me. After exorcising a diarys worth of negative feelings over four months, I was in spite of my incredulousness cured.
I didnt think much about Dr. Sarno after that until May of this year, when I found myself back in physical therapy for a pain in my inner thigh. My physical therapist assigned me a handful of exercises, and I did them every day. The whole time, I worried: If physical therapy failed again, would I have to go back to exhaustively cataloging my woes? Did Dr. Sarnos claims even hold water?
The idea is now mainstream that a substantial proportion of people can be helped by rethinking the causes of their pain, said Tor Wager, a neuroscience professor at Dartmouth College and the director of its Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Lab. But thats different than the idea that your unresolved relationship with your mother is manifesting as pain.
Dr. Wager said most scientists now believe that pain isnt always something that starts in the body and is sensed by the brain; it can be a disease in and of itself.
Approximately 85 percent of back pain and 78 percent of headaches dont have an identifiable trigger, yet few scientists would say that all or even most chronic pain is purely psychological. There are also social and biological reasons for pain. In most people, its some confluence of the three, said Daniel Clauw, a professor of anesthesiology, medicine and psychiatry at the University of Michigan and the director of its Chronic Pain & Fatigue Research Center. Im sorry, there are a bunch of people for whom Sarnos method isnt going to work.
Today, a similar approach to Dr. Sarnos method is emotional awareness and expression theory, in which patients identify and express emotions theyve been avoiding. Its not only been shown to significantly lower pain in people with fibromyalgia and chronic musculoskeletal pain, its also considered a best practice for treating chronic pain (along with massage and cognitive behavioral therapy) by the Department of Health and Human Services.
But how does the brain cause chronic pain in the first place? Dr. Sarnos theory that our brain uses pain to distract us from negative emotions by cutting off blood flow to the muscles is not backed up by science, according to Dr. Wager.
Instead of blood flow, scientists now look to the nervous system to understand chronic pain that isnt caused by nerve or tissue damage. Basically, your brain circuitry malfunctions, prolonging, amplifying and possibly even creating pain.
Dr. Wager said we dont fully understand the mechanisms of this, but we do know that stressors can promote inflammation in the spinal cord and brain, which is linked to greater pain sensations. Early adversity, such as child abuse, economic hardship, violence and neglect, has also been linked to chronic pain.
2. Exercise helps. If you have chronic pain, you canstill exercise. And, in many cases, it might just helpyou reduce feelings of discomfort and raise your pain threshold.
5. Use helpful descriptive language. Using different metaphors or second languages to talk about your pain can actually change how much you feel it.For example, swearing outright may be more beneficial than using substitute words.
Complicating things further: Pain can beget more pain. For example, an injury may turn up the volume on your pain response to future injuries. Stress may cause pain to persist long after an injury has healed. And if your back twinges and you start imagining all the ways it could get worse, that fear can magnify your pain, which may lead you to avoid physical activity, which then makes the pain even worse. Experts call this the pain cycle.
Here, Dr. Sarnos notion of the brain triggering pain was partially right. Research shows that catastrophizing can turn acute pain into chronic pain and increase activity in brain areas related to anticipation of and attention to pain. This is one of the reasons clinicians are starting to treat pain disorders similarly to, say, anxiety disorders, encouraging patients to exercise so they can overcome their fear of movement. Whereas a socially anxious patient might take small steps toward talking with strangers, for instance, a patient with back pain might start jogging or cycling.
The bottom line, according to Dr. Howard Schubiner, a protg of Dr. Sarno, is that all pain is real, and all pain is generated by the brain. Today Dr. Schubiner is the director of the Mind Body Medicine Program in Southfield, Mich., and a clinical professor at the Michigan State University College of Human Medicine.
Whether pain is triggered by stress or physical injury, the brain generates the sensations, he said. And this is a mind-blowing concept its not just reflecting what it feels, its deciding whether to turn pain on or off.
So, by this rationale, all pain is in both the body and the brain. Which is why, when my adductor stopped hurting in July after eight weeks of physical therapy, I didnt expend too much mental energy trying to figure out what had worked: the exercises themselves, my physical therapist giving me the go-ahead to keep exercising, the once-a-week opportunity to talk with her about my recent move and the other stressors potentially contributing to my pain or (most likely) all of the above.
In the end, Dr. Sarno was right about exercise aiding, not hampering, recovery and about the link between emotional and physical pain. But not all chronic pain is psychological. Dr. Sarnos Freudian treatment is far from the only one that works. And few scientists would say that our brain uses pain to distract us from negative emotions (and definitely not by cutting off blood flow to muscles).
I still think of Dr. Sarno as a savior, and I continue to recommend his books to friends and family; some have read them and had success while others have politely declined. Yes, Dr. Sarno almost certainly oversimplified and overemphasized the psychological origins of pain. But he also helped me see that both the mind and the body are responsible for our physical suffering. And that were not powerless to change it.
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I Have to Believe John Sarno's Book Cured My Chronic Pain - The New York Times
UK AI Strategy: ‘Openness’ an aim… but what of contracts? – The Register
It has been more than a month since the launch of the UK government's AI Strategy which, the authors said, "represents the start of a step-change for AI in the UK," and The Register, for one, has not forgotten.
While the strategy promises to "embed" supposed British values such as fairness and "openness" in the development and use of AI in the UK, events leading up to its launch, and in particular the behaviour of our government, tell a rather different story, one which could be worrying considering the likely impact of AI on society and the economy.
Some of the moves made by the UK over the first 18 months of the pandemic took place under the cover of emergency legislation, including deals inked by the government with a host of private tech firms in March 2020 to help deliver the NHS COVID-19 response.
One of these was the NHS COVID-19 data store, a project bringing together disparate medical and organisational data from across the national health service, with US spy-tech firm Palantir at the heart of it although Google, Amazon, Microsoft and AI firm Faculty all hold contracts to work on the platform. Planners of the government response team were said to have found it useful, but it also attracted controversy. Then, in December last year, the contract was extended for another two years, again without scrutiny.
In May this year, a broad-based campaign group wrote to (then) UK Health Secretary Matt Hancock (yes, "vast majority" of the UK are "onside" with GP data grab Hancock). The letter called for greater openness around the government's embrace of this gang of private technology vendors. The campaigners soon found they had to threaten court to get the private-sector contracts published after those contracts were awarded without open competition.
Faculty and its CEO, Marc Warner, for one, had no trouble getting close to government circles, where the UK's leaders might be asked to be more mindful of asking private sector players to help them with the business of governance.
According to the testimony of former chief advisor to the Prime Minister, Dominic Cummings, in front of the Health Select Committee, the CEO was present during much of the decision-making in the crucial early stages of the pandemic, when Cummings was still advising the PM.
Reports from The Guardian which Warner would later fail to deny suggested he used his relationship with Cummings to influence Whitehall. "It felt like he was bragging about it," a senior source said, adding Warner would casually tell officials: "Don't worry, I'll text Dom," or "I'm talking to Dom later."
Faculty said Warner wanted to talk to The Register to give his views on the government AI strategy in the week leading up to publication of the policy document, but later he was unable to speak to us. He wasn't the only one. A host of other key private and public figures who'd normally cheerfully provide their take found themselves speechless.
It's fair to say that on Faculty's part, it might not be able to speak to speak to us because of the terms of its contract or due to concerns over commercially sensitive information, we don't know. What we do know is that a 2m Home Office contract was awarded to the firm without competition, for Innovation Law Enforcement (I-LE).
The tender documents offered few details about how AI might be used in law enforcement and when asked, the Home Office simply said: "We are unable to share further information since it's commercially sensitive."
So much for openness.
We are hoping to get more information from the private firm, which one could argue is less duty-bound than our country's leadership to give it to us. We have sent a list of questions via the company's PR firm. Given Faculty's history, and reports about its government contracts, it seems fair to ask, for the sake of openness, how many public-sector contracts it has been awarded and how many of those were awarded after open competition. It did not respond to these questions specifically.
It did, however, provide a statement saying: "Faculty is a highly experienced AI specialist that has delivered work for over 350 clients across 23 sectors of the economy and in 13 countries. We have strong governance procedures in place and all of our contracts with the government are won through the proper processes, in line with procurement rules."
Openness in government contracting is not only a question of fairness. If the UK is serious about developing the nation's industry in AI or indeed any high-tech industry it needs fair and open competition for the billions of taxpayer pounds it spends in the tech market.
Google's AI subsidiary DeepMind was also closely involved in the UK's pandemic response.
DeepMind co-founder Mustafa Suleyman, now veep for AI policy, was reportedly approached by NHSX to help work with patient data, including discussing whether Google's cloud products were suitable for its data store project. In his role as chief advisor to the prime minister, Dominic Cummings brought Demis Hassabis, CEO and co-founder of DeepMind, into the heart of government decision-making, according to his select committee testimony [PDF].
What's at stake when emergency contracts not just to Palantir and Google and the like, but to many other vendors during the pandemic escape scrutiny or circumvent the usual bidding and tendering process?
Peter Smith, former president of the Chartered Institute of Purchasing and Supply, told The Register that studies of countries including South Africa had shown that favouritism and nepotism in public procurement means suppliers can tend to either withdraw from the market or cut investment in technology, products and services, and instead put the money into employing an ex-minister as a non-exec or as an advisor, and wining and dining special government officials.
He went on to say that the recent spate of stories about a lack of openness in government contracts could damage how the UK is seen as a place to invest.
"We're in danger of moving from a country where we felt public procurement was in the upper quartile in the world, to a place where we're slipping down the league table," said Smith, who works as a consultant, having held senior roles in the public and private sector.
The picture in public procurement could then cut against government ambitions in AI and it is not just Faculty that has a close relationship with the government and is involved with the government AI strategy. As mentioned, Google was part of the group on the NHS COVID-19 data store deal, and again this required the pressure of legal letters to have it aired in the public domain.
DeepMind got prime spot on the press release for the UK AI Strategy, under the banner of a "new 10-year plan to make the UK a global AI superpower."
"AI could deliver transformational benefits for the UK and the world accelerating discoveries in science and unlocking progress," Hassabis said in the pre-canned publicity material.
Part of the UK's vision for its AI strategy is an industry "with clear rules [and] applied ethical principles."
But Google, DeepMind's parent company, has found it difficult to get out of the AI ethics quagmire.
A UK law firm is bringing legal action on behalf of patients it says had their confidential medical records obtained by Google and DeepMind in breach of data protection laws. Mishcon de Reya launched the legal action in September 2021, saying it plans a representative action on behalf of Andrew Prismall and the approximately 1.6 million individuals whose data was used as part of a testing programme for medical software developed by the companies.
DeepMind worked with Google and the Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust under an arrangement formed in 2015. In 2017, Google's use of medical records from the hospital's patients to test a software algorithm was deemed legally "inappropriate" by Dame Fiona Caldicott, National Data Guardian at the Department of Health.
Law firm Linklaters carried out a third party audit on the data processing arrangement between Royal Free and DeepMind, and concluded their approach was lawful.
At the same time, former co-lead of the Chocolate Factory's "ethical artificial intelligence team" Timnit Gebru left under controversial circumstances in December last year after her managers asked her to either withdraw an as-yet-unpublished paper, or remove the names of employees from the paper.
In her time since leaving the search giant, Gebru has marked out a stance on AI ethics. In a recent interview with Bloomberg, she said labour and whistleblower protection was the "baseline" in terms of making sure AI was fair in its application.
"Anything we do without that kind of protection is fundamentally going to be superficial, because the moment you push a little bit, the company's going to come down hard," she said.
Among the lost list of organisations and companies adding their names to the UK government's AI Strategy, who would back her stance?
We asked DeepMind, Benevolent AI CEO and co-chair of Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence Joanna Shields, Alan Turing Institute professor Sir Adrian Smith, CEO of Tech Nation Gerard Grech, president of techUK Jacqueline de Rojas, and Nvidia veep David Hogan if they had thoughts on the issue.
None of them responded to the specific point, although we have included the responses we did receive in the box below.
While the UK has legal whistle-blower protection in certain scenarios, it only applies to law-breaking, damage to the environment and the health and safety of individuals. Where the law is unclear on AI it is uncertain what protection whistleblowers might get.
Meanwhile, proposals from the Home Office suggest a public interest defence for whistleblowing might be removed.
On the questions of AI ethics, the focus has been on data. Historic data created by humans in a particular social context can, when used for training AI and ML, lead to biased results, as in the case of a sexist AI recruitment tool which Amazon scrapped shortly after its introduction.
An industry has developed around these questions, with vendors offering tools to scan for biases in data and illuminate data which can be proxies for race, such as postal codes, for example.
But for some, the problem of AI ethics runs deeper than merely the training data. A paper shared by former Google ethics expert Gebru on Twitter found that far from considering the wider societal impact of their work, a sample of 100 influential machine learning papers define and apply values supporting the centralisation of power.
"Finally, we find increasingly close ties between these highly cited papers and tech companies and elite universities," the paper said [PDF].
Speaking to The Register, paper co-author Ravit Dotan, a postdoctoral researcher at the Center for the Philosophy of Science at the University of Pittsburgh, said the point of the study was to see the value behind ML research and the researcher's motivations.
"Who is the target, the beneficiary? Is it people within the discipline or is it a broader community? Or is it Big Tech? We wanted to see how authors intend to satisfy [that target]. We also wanted to understand the funding structure better," she said.
The paper also looked at whether ML researchers considered the negative consequences of their work. The vast majority did not. "It was very rare to see any kind of work addressing of potential negative consequences, even in papers that you really would expect it, such as those looking at the manipulation of videos," Dotan said.
In a world where deepfake porn is prompting those whose likenesses have been stolen (mostly women) to fight for tighter regulation, the negative consequences of image manipulation seem all too evident.
In her interview with Bloomberg, Gebru also called for the regulation of AI companies. "Government agencies' jobs should be expanded to investigate and audit these companies, and there should be standards that have to be followed if you're going to use AI in high-stakes scenarios," she said.
But the UK's AI strategy is vague on regulation.
Although it acknowledges trends like deepfakes and AI-driven misinformation might be risks, it promises only to "publish a set of quantitative indicators... to provide transparency on our progress and to hold ourselves to account."
It promises that "the UK public sector will lead the way by setting an example for the safe and ethical deployment of AI through how it governs its own use of the technology."
It adds that the UK will "seek to engage early with countries on AI governance, to promote open society values and defend human rights.
"Having exited the EU, we have the opportunity to build on our world-leading regulatory regime by setting out a pro-innovation approach, one that drives prosperity and builds trust in the use of AI.
"We will consider what outcomes we want to achieve and how best to realise them, across existing regulators' remits and consider the role that standards, assurance, and international engagement plays."
One existing regulator, the Information Commissioner's Office, is already engaged with proposed changes to data protection law following the UK's departure from the EU. The government review has provoked alarm as it proposes watering down individuals' rights to challenge decisions made about them by AI.
Meanwhile, the UK has published guidance on AI ethics in the public sector, developed by the Alan Turing Institute, an AI body formed by five leading UK universities. This was followed by the government's Ethics, Transparency and Accountability Framework for Automated Decision-Making, launched in May 2021.
Critics might argue that guidance and frameworks do not amount to law and remain untested. The government has promised to publish a White Paper or policy document on governing and regulating AI next year.
A government spokesperson sent us a statement after initially only wanting to brief The Reg on background:
"We are committed to ensuring AI is developed in a responsible way. We have published extensive guidance on how firms can use the technology ethically and transparently and issued guidance so workers in the field can report wrongdoing while retaining their employment protections. We are also going to publish a White Paper on governing and regulating AI as part of our new national AI Strategy."
In the launch of the AI Strategy, business secretary Kwasi Kwarteng described his desire to "supercharge our already admirable starting position" in AI. But it will take more than words to convince the wider world. Observers will want to see more openness in public-sector contracting and in the government's approach to AI ethics to back up the government's ambition.
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UK AI Strategy: 'Openness' an aim... but what of contracts? - The Register
Athens commission receives deep dive into county redistricting efforts – Red and Black
Editors Note
The Red & Black has published two versions of this article,one in Englishand one in Spanish.
The Red & Black ha publicado dos versiones de este artculo,un en inglsy un en espaol.
The Athens-Clarke County Mayor and Commission received a detailed update on efforts to redraw the countys commission districts to be in line with population changes from the 2020 census during a Tuesday evening work session.
The new map draft, which was created by the ACC Geospatial Information Officein conjunction with the county Board of Elections, would see changes to the boundaries of Districts 1, 2, 4, 7, 8 and 10, while the remaining districts would not be changed.
Joseph DAngelo, the countys geographic information officer, said the county is now composed of 1,809 census blocks, up from 1,797 10 years ago due to overall population increases. Census blocks are small statistical areas bounded by either visible features such as roads, streams and railroads, or nonvisible boundaries such as property lines, school districts or county limits, according to the U.S. Census Bureau.
In total, with the new draft map, 26 census blocks would shift into a different district, representing 2,824 residents whose county commission district would change.
DAngelo broke down the changes to each district. With the draft map, District 1 would receive 10 new census blocks totaling 859 residents that are currently part of the eastern side of District 2, near the airport. District 8 would receive five census blocks from District 2, totaling another 296 residents.
District 10 received only a minor edit, with one census block of 78 residents shifting into District 7. District 4 had 10 census blocks containing 1,591 residents moved to District 7.
DAngelo said the districts are considered balanced as long as the districts raw populations are within 10% of one another. With the new map, District 10 would be the most populous district, with 13,535 residents, and District 5 would be the least populous with 12,243 residents.
We feel pretty confident that this is the most minimally-disruptive set of edits that we couldve hoped for, DAngelo said.
District 4 Commissioner Allison Wright thanked the Geospatial Information Office and Board of Elections for their work, but expressed concern over the part of District 4 that was removed in the draft.
This is not the area that I wouldve trimmed away. The population explosion, I believe, is more on the Barnett Shoals side of my district, and this area, in particular Gran Ellen, to divide that street, a persons mailbox is going to be in one district and their house in another district, Wright said.
District 3 Commissioner Melissa Link thanked staff for trying to be unobtrusive with redistricting, but noted that the current districts were drawn by the state legislature a decade ago. She felt they were drawn with purely political purposes in mind.
District 10 Commissioner Mike Hamby argued that the political nature of the current districts meant the map should be changed more.
These maps were, as I suppose [Link] stated, drawn for political purposes, Hamby said. But if theyre still the same maps, are they still not drawn for the same political purposes, but now theyre OK? Are we OK with the status quo?
Hamby asked if any more majority-minority districts had been added in the new map, or if more accommodations had been made for them. He said the county should ensure it acts to promote equity and equality.
DAngelo noted that as the drafts are drawn, Districts 2, 3 and 9 are majority-minority and District 5 is on the cusp.
Residents can view more detailed information about the redistricting on the countys website, as well as access a public comment form regarding the issue.
The new map will need to be approved by the commission and the state before the new districts go into effect.
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Athens commission receives deep dive into county redistricting efforts - Red and Black
Biggest AI Innovations And Milestones Of 2021 – Analytics India Magazine
Remember to celebrate milestones as you prepare for the road ahead Philanthropist Nelson Mandela
Artificial Intelligence, or AI, is an ever-evolving field. And the occasional failures here and there should not stop us from hyping the great advancements. In the last year and half, despite the global crisis in some cases, because of the global crisis scientists, researchers and developers have made insane contributions, innovated and have reached unprecedented milestones in the field of AI.
As we head closer to the end of 2021, Analytics India Magazine takes a look back at the year that was, and the AI innovations and milestones of this year that made it to the headlines.
Early this year Facebook AI developed SEER (SElf-supERvised) a billion-parameter self-supervised computer vision model. The model can learn from any random group of images on the internet, without having to carefully curate and label the images, which is otherwise a prerequisite for computer vision training. So far, the team at Facebook AI has tested SEER on one billion images uncurated and unlabelled, on publicly available Instagram images. Reportedly, it performed better than most advanced self-supervised systems. This breakthrough clears the path for flexible, accurate and adaptable computer vision models for the future.
Googles parent company Alphabet introduced Isomorphic Lab, in an attempt to accelerate the discovery of new drugs using AI. Its subsidiary DeepMinds founder and CEO, DEmis Hassabis, announced the creation of the lab to ultimately find cues for some of humanitys Most devastating diseases.
Alphabet plans to develop a computational platform to better understand the biological systems and find ways to treat diseases. Although separate, DeepMind and Isomorphic intend to occasionally collaborate to build off the research, discoveries and protein structure work.
Earlier this year, Google Cloud announced the availability of Vertex AI at the Google I/O event. It is a managed machine learning (ML) platform for the deployment and maintenance of AI models. Vertex AI brings AutoML and AI platforms together into an unified API, and can be used to build, deploy and scale ML models faster. Deployed by Google Research, Vertex AI required 80 per cent fewer lines of code for custom modeling. It integrated with open-source frameworks including TensorFlow, PyTorch and Scikit-learn.
Microsoft developed a large scale pre-trained model for symbolic music understanding MusicBERT. The model can understand music from symbolic data, that is, in MIDI format and not audio; and then indulge into genre classification, emotion classification, and music pieces matching. The tech giant used OctupleMIDI method, bar-level masking strategy and large-scale symbolic music corpus of more than one million music tracks.
MusicBERT achieves state of the art performance on music understanding tasks and going ahead, the team at Microsoft attempts at applying the model on tasks including structure analysis and chord recognition.
AI company OpenAI and Microsoft collaborated to launch AI programmer Copilot in July this year. Based on OpenAI Codex, the new AI system is trained on open-source code, contextualising a situation using docustrings, function names, preceding code and comments to determine and generate the most relevant code.
The GitHub Copilot is trained on billions of lines of public code, putting the knowledge one needs at their fingertips while saving ones time and helping them stay focused. It works on a broad set of frameworks as well as languages including TypeScript, Ruby, Java, Go and Python.
Google developed and launched TensorFlow 3D a modular library to bring 3D deep learning capabilities to TensorFlow, earlier this year. This latest upgrade gives access to sets of operations, loss functions, models for the development, training and deployment of 3D scene understanding models, and data processing tools and metrics.TensorFlow 3D supports datasets including Waymo Open, Rio and ScanNet. It supports three pipelines 3D Semantic Segmentation, 3D Instance Segmentation and 3D Object Detection.
After diving deep into the Indian startup ecosystem, Debolina is now a Technology Journalist. When not writing, she is found reading or playing with paint brushes and palette knives. She can be reached at debolina.biswas@analyticsindiamag.com
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Biggest AI Innovations And Milestones Of 2021 - Analytics India Magazine
Zen and the Art of Entrepreneurship – Entrepreneur
Opinions expressed by Entrepreneur contributors are their own.
One of the most important books Ive read is called Zen Mind, Beginners Mind by Shunryu Suzuki. Ill give you a short summary of the book, from the book: In the beginners mind there are many possibilities, but in the experts there are few. The entire goal of Zen according to Suzuki is to remain a perpetual beginner. Zen is all about living (actions) and less about life (ideas/interpretations about living). So, why should someone strive for the perspective of the beginner? Beginners are eager, inexperienced, patient, curious, creative, and open-minded. They arent yet stuck in habitual patterns; they are free in ways that the experienced person is not. When you started your business, you were a beginner too.
Related:7 Proven WaysMeditatingPrepares You for Success
Entre means to enter, begin,start. Pre means before. Neur is related to nerves, as in neurological. Essentially, the word entrepreneur means to enter something before you allow your mind to make you nervous; to dive in with both feet before you second guess yourself. To be an entrepreneur is to be living in a state of Zen. The word entre-pre-neur broken down in this way is, in essence, the goal of Zen. Whatever state of mind you were in when you had the audacity to think your idea was good enough to succeed was a state of Zen. To live in a state of Zen is to deny the mind its interpretations of reality and simply live reality, from moment to moment. It sounds simple, but it isnt easy. Over time, the same Zen state of mind which was the creative impetus to start the business has been altered by a whole mess of problems related to being a business owner. The honeymoon period is over, and the excitement slowly fades. It has officially become work.
We shall not cease from exploration
And the end of all our exploring
Will be to arrive where we started
And know the place for the first time.
from "Little Gidding" by T.S. Eliot
Beginners take nothing for granted, while experienced people tend to overlook everything which has become ordinary. I bet there is a stapler or something at your desk which has been there for years and you dont even notice it. Every day you look at it, but you dont actually see it. The word discriminate means to notice differences. The human mind is built to notice differences, so the simple fact that the stapler is always there is why you stop taking notice of it. However, if someone were to move it, suddenly youd notice. We take so much for granted simply because it becomes routine and ordinary. When we get used to doing things in a certain way, stagnation occurs. Stagnation is the enemy of creative thinking.
We all see life through a lens that is colored by our experiences. Significant experiences (or lack thereof) both positive and negative change the way we perceive reality. We all have a subjective experience of an objective reality, and no one is free of this. One definition of enlightenment is simply seeing things just as they are, without bringing our experiences and interpretations. One metaphor for the practice of meditation is a bathroom mirror collecting dust. Day in and day out, dust collects on the mirror. When the mirror gets too dusty it starts to distort reality. Meditation is the process of cleaning the mirror every day so that we can see everything the mirror reflects as it really is. Experiences can accumulate just like dust on the mirror. They can serve us or cause clutter in our minds, or both. If you are an entrepreneur, a business owner, or an aspiring entrepreneur, I would argue that you are already living in a state of Zen.
Related:WhyMeditationWorks Wonders for Better Workplace Productivity
A brand new mirror hasnt had time to collect dust. This is why the newest member of your team may have the most important perspective. Beginners dont know enough to be nervous about all that could go wrong. They take nothing for granted and they see things from a different perspective. Wait about two weeks for them to get acclimated and meet personally with each new person at your company. It will be well worth your time. Furthermore, they will be honored by the opportunity and will feel valued. As you are speaking with them, simply ask them what theyve noticed so far and if there are any changes theyd make to the way things are done, set up, systems, etc. Encourage them to speak freely and remind them that you are asking to make sure things havent gotten stagnant. I think youll be surprised at the perspective they bring and the information they provide.
How does one change their perspective, even momentarily? Well, the solution is probably what youve all been guessing. Get yourself a rubber band. Get yourself a rubber band and put it on the wrist of your non-dominant hand. Throughout the day, when you see the rubber band and are conscious of it, simply pause. Let the rubber band serve as a reminder of your new goals. If your goal is to gain the perspective of a beginner, simply allow your focus to shift and pretend you know nothing. Pretend it's your very first day at work, and youre still a bit wet behind the ears. The next time you walk to your desk, look at everything. Take the time to stop and look at whats around you and youll notice all the things which normally go unnoticed. This perspective shift may seem like a waste of precious time, but it will prove immensely valuable to your creativity in regard to solving problems and combating the stagnation we are all subject to.
Related:Why GuidedMeditationis Essential For Every Entrepreneur
If your goal is a practical application of meditation, pause when you see your rubber band and take three slow, deep (diaphragmatic) breaths. Youll soon realize that there is always time for three breaths. The world wont stop spinning if we stop to take three breaths. Problems wont actually pile up in the 10 seconds it takes to consciously breathe three times. Ive taught meditation to beginners and the most common problems I hear are the following: It just doesnt work for me or I dont have enough time. The problem was almost always the same when I asked them to elaborate on their experience. They downloaded an app and hoped for the best, or they set unrealistic expectations for themselves. Imagine going in for surgery from a surgeon who was self-taught, using an app. Youd be terrified! If a personal trainer wanted to start you out by running half marathons, youd never go back. Yet, we attempt to sit and meditate for 10 or 20 minutes, in an uninterrupted way, on the first try. We expect something to happen or to clear our minds. Thats just not how meditation works. It takes years to sit and meditate in a relatively uninterrupted manner. In this case, the expectations dictate reality, and the results are rather undesirable. I was taught using this rubber band method and not only was it successful but I have since used it to change other habits. I was wearing a rubber band on my wrist for over a year before I actually started to sit down and meditate. I was meditating all along, but doing it throughout the day in a more manageable way. Several years later I was teaching people how to meditate. So, whether youve never tried to meditate or if youve tried and failed, try again. This time you will go into the practice equipped with the practical tips and more realistic expectations Ive outlined in this article. And remember: Meditation is not about achieving anything. There are no goals. The experience itself is the goal. If youre doing it right, the more you learn, the more youll feel like a beginner. Oh, and Id highly recommend you wear the rubber band in the shower or you might forget to put it back on.
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Zen and the Art of Entrepreneurship - Entrepreneur
Introducing Emma-Jean Thackray, the British nu-jazz prodigy who owes her guitar style to grunge and nu metal – Guitar.com
What does jazz smell like? Whats the fragrance of funk? The aroma of electronica? The bouquet of Yorkshires brass bands? Individually, were not so sure. But stir these styles together and the scent is clear. Emma-Jean Thackrays debut album fuses all these genres and more, a balmy, sun-cooked blend of brass-band bops, psych-spiked funk, fleet-footed floor-fillers, swirling kosmische and spiritual jazz. Its parfum? Eau du Yellow? Patchouli, orange and ginger.
Emma-Jean Thackray is one of Britains brightest jazz prospects. Like London nu-jazz contemporaries Ezra Collective, Moses Boyd and Nubya Garcia, the multi-instrumentalist, bandleader, beat-maker, composer, producer, masters-level arranger, label manager and DJ is partly responsible for the recent and unlikely resurgence of homegrown jazz. Her debut album, suffused with deep-mind mysticism and stuffed with genre-jumping, rule-breaking compositions, has been praised by the likes of Pitchfork and NME. As well as drafting in help from her live band, Thackray plays practically every instrument on it: voice, vibraphone, bass guitar, bass clarinet, trumpet, percussion, synths, organ, guitar and more. Shes self-taught in almost all of them.
Emma-Jean Thackray in her home studio Movementt
Growing up in brass country, West Yorkshire, Thackray always wanted to be an artist. From the second I could talk, when the grown-ups would ask me what I wanted to be, Id be like, Artist. I want to be an artist. I willbe an artist, she says. There was never a doubt in my mind that that would be the way I lived my life.
At eight, she began learning the cornet. By the time she was a teen, shed become the principal cornet player in the Tingley Brass Band, before switching to jazz trumpet at 14. Throughout her teens, Thackray was back and forth between Leeds and its satellite towns partaking in regional band championships, as well as darting down to London for marquee events. All the while, this soon-to-be jazz master was finding her way into guitar music the same way many teens of the new millennium did: through the fading flames of 1980s rock and 1990s grunge and the rapidly rising stars of nu-metal.
Like many millennials, Thackray came of age in the era of Kerrang TV, MTV and Scuzz, musical tastemakers then at the peak of their powers. With Guns N Roses, Metallica and Nirvana videos on regular rotation alongside those by the likes of Limp Bizkit, Linkin Park and System of a Down, Thackray paid attention not just to the angst and the attitude but to the fingerings, the melodies, the harmonic movements.
It started with trying to get into a lot of rock stuff, she says. Slipknot, Korn, Papa Roach, it was that kind of time. Nu-metal was having its day. At about 12, Thackray found a beat-up acoustic at school and somehow already knew what to do with it. It was just really immediate, she says. I could already kind of play it. I sang the riff from Sweet Child O Mine, then I found where the notes were and then I could play it. Someone was like, You mustve been playing a while to be able to play a riff that hard. And I was like, Nah, Ive just picked it up today. I was very ear-led. Id seen that powerchord shape on Kerrang music videos. Oh, theyre doing that shape a lot. I worked it out and it meant I could play riffs. While I was working out what was going on in the music, I was working out how to play it on guitar.
With Kurt Cobains powerchords still reverberating on the airwaves, Nirvana proved a particularly strong influence on Thackray, occasionally to her detriment but then to her advantage. I loved Kurt Cobain, she says. Even though Im ambidextrous, I play lefty. I started playing upside down at first because I didnt know that you werent supposed to do that, so all the shapes I was learning were wrong. Obviously, there are some shapes that you cant do upside down, so I was finding my own way to voice things. At the time, that made it difficult but its given me a different mindset. You dont have to play everything the way everyone else does.
Cobains influence didnt just impact the way Thackray held the guitar but also the foundations of her songwriting. I think his harmonic movement influenced me, she adds. When you look at [Nirvana] stuff on paper, things arent necessarily functional. Its not necessarily a functional harmony. Theres some quite angular stuff. It was like, Oh, you cando that. You dont have to go I, V or I, IV, V. Its about letting the chords be a melodic element. So that powerchord movement, playing a riff, has set up the whole way I think about music.
Thackrays unorthodox approach to harmony saw her flourish in Cardiff, where she moved to study jazz at the Royal Welsh College of Music and Drama once she turned 18. Throughout her time in the Welsh capital, Thackray kept playing guitar but kept it quiet. I was always playing, she says. I just wasnt really showing people. I was playing just for fun. I wasnt necessarily writing jazz on it, because I didnt feel I was as good at the guitar as I am at trumpet, which is absolutely the case. But I always kept them with me. As I started producing my own music and releasing it, it was a case of, Oh, Im really hearing a guitar sound there
Thackrays first recorded guitar line can be heard on her 2018 debut EP Ley Lines, on laidback jazz number Red Bush, led by brass and bass but backed up by soft, slight, rounded guitar. Its quite quiet, she says, but there is a guitar in it. Thats the first time I ever released something with guitar on it and me playing it. Then on Yellow, theres loads of guitar.
Live band Ben Kelly, Lyle Barton, Dougal Taylor, Thackray and Crispin Robinson prior to the Yellow album release show at Colour Factory, East London
Released in July on Thackrays own Warp Records imprint Movementt, Yellowfulfills all the promises laid down by Ley Linesand more. Its a lavish record, packed with perambulating percussion and rhythmic trickery, wide-ranging vocals, exquisite chord progressions and gnarly harmonic movements alongside disciplined, unobtrusive, gently effected funk and jazz guitar.
Much of the guitar on Yellowcomes courtesy of Thackrays first-ever electric, a cheap right-handed Strat copy copped from Argos and gifted to her by her parents when she was 14. Its a Squier, she thinks. Not that youd know it she chiselled the name off the headstock.
I was a very intense 14-year-old, she says. Maaan, it doesnt matter about brands were all the saaame!, she adds, with mock new-age American affectation. Thackray also took a chisel to the Strats upper horn. I wrote some of my poetry on it and then I was like, Nooo, its too personal, I cant show anyone. I was such a dramatic beret-wearing twat.
Theres drama throughout Yellow too, and Thackray is keen to manufacture more in the wake of its release. Enlivened by rich vocal delay and warm keyboard stabs, hazy summer single Say Somethingis a sun-lit 4/4 toe-tapper that builds to a glorious midpoint crescendo, at which stage the song sidesteps into a slinky 7/4 groove as Thackray, looking every bit the flannel-clad grunge acolyte in the songs video, peels off a long solo on her chiselled Strat or so the video suggests.
On the recording its a synthesiser, she says. Then for the video I thought itd be funny to mime it on guitar. I deliberately mimed some of the phrases to match up so that people wouldnt know. Some of it Im just wagging my fingers, some of it is the actual phrase. I wanted people to question it. I love that kind of stuff. It couldve been stranger still; Thackray initially wanted to mime the part on bassoon but she couldnt find one in time.
From Yellows spiritual artwork by Meagan Boyd to its cosmic, third-eye-opening lyrics, Thackray is earnest in her appreciation of sacred spaces and mindsets, of the metaphysical. But theres a certain mischievousness to Yellowtoo and to Thackray, evident in her playful videos, the samples she drops into her live sets, and her fondness for self-mythologising. When we ask whether she bears any relation to Jake Thackray, another off-beat musician who was born around Leeds and later moved to Wales, shes wry about it.
I dont, she says, smirking. But maybe we should keep the mystery alive and not tell people that? I like being asked that, because hes a bit of a weirdo. How can we lay it out so I dont definitely say, No, Im not?
Even at its most mischievous, though, Yellow is never non-committal in its approach to genres. For the albums jazziest sections, as on the snappy jam About That, Thackray reached not for her Strat but for a more recent acquisition, a semi-hollow T-type built by the Wales-based Revelation and equipped with an Entwistle Nashville Star humbucker and an Entwistle single-coil pickup in the bridge and neck, respectively. It sounds really open and jazzy, she says. Its got kind of between an archtop and a Tele sound. For me, its the perfect jazz tone. About That is probably the jazziest song on Yellow. On that, the Revelation is panned way off to the right, loads of reverb, that kind of pure jazz sound pure guitar, no pedals.
Thackrays favourite guitar part on the album, though, is found on Spectre, the records steadiest and most emotive piece. Its really nice because its just so simple, she says. Its bathed in reverb and thats what brings the atmosphere, this kind of haunting quality. Theres so much reverb but not so much that theres no clarity. You can still hear what Im playing. Its quite ethereal-sounding.
Thackray on stage at Colour Factory with sousaphonist Ben Kelly
That ethereal ambience a chilly contrast to Yellows mostly golden hues was created via a mix of pedals and plugins, including the reverb section of Thackrays Space Echo and the Waves plugin RVerb, to better bed the part into the mix. Alongside reverb, Yellows palette is made up of compressors, a Boss chorus, an Electro-Harmonix POG (Polyphonic Octave Generator) and a Pitch Fork pitch-shifter, and even DIY units picked up from Deptford market. Thackray also keeps a loaded Pedaltrain Nano on which sits a yellow Roland SP-404SX sampler, plus an assortment of other small pedals on hand for live dubs and delays, applied not only to guitar but to trumpet and voice too.
Thackray doesnt see herself as a gear person, her attitude to equipment dictated primarily by money. Its only in the past couple of years that I started making money from doing this, she says. Before, I didnt have another job. I was just doing music but I was living on beans on toast. Crazy-poor. Dodging-the-bills poor. I got an acoustic, just for knocking about with, from Deptford market for like 20 and it was fine. I understand that if you want top-quality stuff youve got to pay top-quality money. But I always felt like this was good enough. The things that are more important for me are the ideas, rather than how good it sounds.
Listen closely to Yellowand youll hear things that sound amiss. But that DIY feel is part of the plan. I think its become part of what people hear when they listen to me, says Thackray. It should sound a bit wonky. If the guitars out of tune, Ive done it on purpose, to bring a certain colour. The Squier in particular sounds fuckin horrible. But sometimes thats what you want. You might try really hard to get that kind of sound with something nice but its right there in that 100 guitar.
Theres little to no crunch on Yellow, especially for an artist weaned on Kerrang TV. The only real dirt youll hear comes from tape manipulation. But the polymaths follow-up sounds like it might crank things up a notch. The stuff Im writing next is a little more rocky, she reveals. But thats not going to be out for at least a year, 18 months or so. Ive already started the next album but its just a start. In the meantime, therell be a few smaller releases to help tide audiences over.
Right now, though, Thackray is up to her trumpet in admin much of it Brexit-related as she prepares to embark on a proper tour in celebration of her debut album in 2022. Yellow is, unsurprisingly, Thackrays favourite colour. But it also holds a surprisingly practical purpose for her: as a visual trigger for meditation. In the same way you might use a singing bowl, a candle or a piece of music, Thackray uses the colour yellow to help her achieve a certain state of mind. She uses scents too.
I use smells, burning different incense to get into a different mental state or creative space, she says. If Im in a project, Ill make different essential oil blends and stuff. For Yellow, I had a certain smell and Id spritz it and that would help me get in the place.
So what does Yellowsmell like? Patchouli, orange and ginger. Judging by the lyrics to Golden Green, biscuits and weed too.
Visit emmajeanthackray.com for more.
Herd DL Burton heads home with mission in mind – Huntington Herald Dispatch
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Herd DL Burton heads home with mission in mind - Huntington Herald Dispatch