Category Archives: Engineering

from carbon removal to solar reflection, UNESCO reports climate engineering risks at COP28 – Designboom

UNESCOs first report on ethics of climate engineering

In time for the COP28 event in Dubai, UNESCOs World Commission on the Ethics of Scientific Knowledge and Technology (COMEST) has published its first-ever report on the Ethics of Climate Engineering, or the use and adoption of new technologies to help reduce the impacts of climate change including carbon dioxide removal and solar reflectivity, along with specific guidelines and recommendations for their possible use.

This report documents the range of climate engineering technologies, which fall into two main categories. The first category is Carbon Dioxide Removal, which involves repelling carbon out of the atmosphere. Some examples include building industrial-scale carbon removal infrastructure, planting trees to absorb carbon emissions, or removing carbon dioxide from air using an electricity-based device.

The second is Solar Radiation Modification, which means reflecting sunlight back into space. Injecting aerosols into the stratosphere or painting roofs in light colors are considered as examples for this category. Swinging between these two, UNESCOs Ethics on Climate Engineering report documents the risks and opportunities of creating infrastructure and methods to solve these problems or aggravate them.

UNESCOs report on Ethics of Climate Engineering including carbon removal | image by Pixabay, via Pexels

COP28, also known as the United Nations Climate Change Conference, runs between November 30th, 2023, through December 12th, 2023, in Dubai and serves as a platform for companies and organizations to showcase how they are planning to tackle the global challenge of climate change using their programs, installations, products, and more. The entrance of UNESCOs Ethics on Climate Engineering report surfaces in time, given the climate disruption continuing at an alarming pace, as UNESCO claims, when peoples intervention and actions still fall short of reducing carbon emissions and global warming.

According to the report, climate engineering, also known as geoengineering, becomes an alternative to speed up the response in removing carbon from the atmosphere and reflecting sunlight into space. Take the City University of Hong Kongs cooling ceramic tilesas an example where they replicate the bio-whiteness of the Cyphochilus beetle in hopes of deflecting heat, reducing home air-conditioning usage, and, as an outcome, combating global warming.

Another case to make is through VTT Technical Research Centre of Finlands spin-out company Carbonaide which may fall under the same umbrella since they attempt to transform carbon dioxide into carbon-negative concrete blocks that can eventually become a carbon sink, or an object that can absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

MITs Verdox | image by MIT | read more here

While these inventions may be beneficial long-term, UNESCOs COMEST advisory body and its first-ever report on the Ethics of Climate Engineering still express fear that these designs may cause problems rather than solve them. The report conveys its worry that trying to control the weather or reduce the impact of climate change including carbon dioxide removal and solar reflectivity using big-scale technologies might create issues. Fortunately, the first two mentioned might not be seen as industrial-scale effects, but rather micro ways that can induce greater impact.

Theres also a fear that focusing too much on these climate engineering solutions might take attention and financial support away from the inventions and technologies that have already been placed or developed to reduce emissions and adapt to climate change. These concerns may have been on the table when Vincent Callebauts twisting carbon-absorbing tower in Taipei was first introduced. The premise began when the Belgian-born, Paris-based architect was chosen in 2010 to construct a sustainable residential tower in central Taipeis Xinjin district.

The idea for the Tao Zhu Yin Yuan Tower was to build a double-helix spiraling tower with open gardens and green energy to help reduce carbon emissions. A documentary showcases how the 21-story tower can do just that, partly steering from UNESCOs report since the established tower can offer a solution to decrease carbon emissions while affirming the concerns from the perspective of building the tower and what it generated in the making.

City University of Hong Kongs cooling ceramic | image by City University of Hong Kong | read more here

The report on the Ethics of Climate Engineering also brings up the concern that people may not know enough about these new climate-shifting technologies yet, so transparency in educating them on how they work is a must. On top of that, wide-ranging and unexpected effects on the environment, human health, oceans, and more may occur caused by these technologies, so depending too much on them to solve the environmental crises could be risky.

A suggestion indicated in the UNESCO report is that people need to do more research to understand these technologies better and figure out through data gathering, verification, and comparison if theyre safe and useful. This may also mean that companies, brands, and organizations might have to start being more open to the public on the effectiveness and the process of making their carbon-removal and solar-reflecting methods.

When a team of engineers from Purdue University invented the whitest paint ever that can cool buildings down and can be applied to other objects and surfaces to achieve the same effect, they detailed the information in their study, which included the paint reflecting up to 98.1 percent of sunlight back into space. In 2022, they made changes to the formula to make it even lighter and thinner and documented it, including what went into the formula and results of the findings for public viewing.

Carbonaides carbon-negative concrete | image by Carbonaide | read more here

In this case, the viewers can freely read the information themselves, so they can be updated on whether or not the white paint can deflect heat. The engineers attempt to be transparent with their information can help the viewers form their deductions and allow them to find ways to verify the effectiveness of the formula in cooling down spaces. The same theory may go with Brilliant Planets massive algae ponds in the coastal desert of Morocco which targets to sequester carbon at the gigaton scale.

The team states that they would produce algae and convert it into stable biomass before burying it, where the carbon dioxide remains stable and locked for thousands of years. This method is thought of to remove carbon dioxide permanently from the atmosphere, and in the process, they can also deacidify vast amounts of seawater to strengthen the local coastal ecosystem.

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from carbon removal to solar reflection, UNESCO reports climate engineering risks at COP28 - Designboom

Sudbury’s Auditor General finds no evidence of corruption in the city’s engineering services – CBC.ca

Sudbury

Posted: 9 Hours Ago

What initially started off as a dispute between a contractor and the city snowballed into allegations of corruption, two councillors having their pay docked, and finally, an investigation by Greater Sudbury's Auditor General.

Ron Foster presented a report on Tuesday after conducting an investigation into Road Surface Recycling director Frank Crupi's allegations of corruption in the city's engineering services department.

"I sleep better at night having gone through a checklist, not exhaustive but sufficient appropriate evidence for me to say with comfort and confidence that the allegations were not supported by the available evidence," he told audit committee members on Tuesday.

Crupi made these allegations after his company received an order to pause the work it was doing on an asphalt recycling pilot project on a stretch of the Kingsway.

The municipality's engineering department requested the pause to run quality tests and later found out the work completed was not up to the city's standards.

Foster says he emailed Crupi twice in late November to ask for more information about the allegations of corruption but received no response.

In his investigation, Foster reviewed different city processes, including those pertaining to conflict of interest, purchasing and payment, and issue management.

The full report is available here.

He acknowledged the "engineering services portfolio has some uncertainties" but that these matters "are best dealt with by a regular value-for-money audit of engineering services."

Foster says that reportwill be presented to the city council in March.

Aya Dufour is a CBC reporter based in northern Ontario. She often writes about the mining industry and Indigenous sovereignty. Follow her on Twitter @AyaDufour.

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Sudbury's Auditor General finds no evidence of corruption in the city's engineering services - CBC.ca

Happiest Minds recognized as a Rising Star in ISG’s Provider Lens Digital Engineering Services US Report 2023 – Yahoo Finance

SAN JOSE, Calif. and LONDON, Dec. 12, 2023 /PRNewswire/ -- Happiest Minds Technologies Limited(NSE: HAPPSTMNDS), a 'Born Digital . Born Agile', Mindful IT Company, today announced that it has been recognized as a 'Rising Star' across multiple categories in the ISG Provider Lens Digital Engineering Services Report 2023 by Information Services Group (ISG), a leading global technology research and advisory firm.

Happiest Mindsis the only company this year to earn the distinction of being a 'Rising Star'across 3 different categories Design and Development (Products, Services, Experience), Integrated Customer/User Engagement, and Platforms & Applications Services. The full ISG report for Happiest Minds can be downloaded here.

'Rising Star' indicates a company with a 'promising portfolio' and 'high future potential' by ISG's definition. This recognition across three different categories underscores the significant progress that Happiest Minds has made by building on the foundation of its digital engineering capabilities.

Dr. Tapati Bandhopadhyay, Lead Analyst at ISG,said, "Being an agile service provider right from its inception, Happiest Minds delivers digital platform engineering capabilities in an intuitive, context-aware manner. Happiest Minds offers design services to a broad range of enterprises that are at different stages of digital maturity and provides digital technology use cases to deliver improved agile CX and UX services."

Joseph Anantharaju, Executive Vice Chairman & CEO (PDES), Happiest Minds,said, "At Happiest Minds, we have constantly endeavoured to stay ahead of the technology curve to help our clients build future-ready products and platforms. Hence, it is gratifying to see that we are the only company recognized as a 'Rising Star' in 3 critical digital engineering quadrants. This recognition is a testament to our digital DNA and agile mindset complemented by our happiest people, happiest customers approach."

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Arsalaan Kashif, Senior Marketing Director, Happiest Minds, said, "Since its inception, Happiest Minds has had a strong engineering pedigree and digital DNA. As a result, we've helped many digital native clients create pioneering products and solutions in completely new market segments. The ISG Digital Case Study award that we won for our work with DoubleVerify and the 3 Rising Star recognitions for digital engineering underscore the value we've been able to deliver to our customers."

About Happiest Minds Technologies

Happiest Minds Technologies Limited (NSE: HAPPSTMNDS), a Mindful IT Company, enables digitaltransformationfor enterprises and technology providers by delivering seamless customer experiences, business efficiency and actionable insights. We do this by leveraging a spectrum of disruptive technologies such as:artificial intelligence,blockchain,cloud,digital process automation,internet of things,robotics/drones,security,virtual/ augmented reality,etc. Positioned as 'Born Digital . Born Agile', our capabilities span Product & Digital Engineering Services (PDES), Generative AI Business Services (GBS) and Infrastructure Management & Security Services (IMSS). We deliver these services across industry sectors such as automotive, BFSI, consumer packaged goods, e-commerce, EdTech, engineering R&D, healthcare, hi-tech, manufacturing, retail, and travel/transportation/hospitality. The company has been recognized for its excellence in Corporate Governance practices by Golden Peacock and ICSI. A Great Place to Work Certified company, Happiest Minds is headquartered in Bangalore, India, with operations in the U.S., UK, Canada, Australia, and Middle East.

Media Contact:Kiran Veigasmedia@happiestminds.com

Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=30Tk5k-SMhsLogo: https://mma.prnewswire.com/media/1812236/4451588/Happiest_Minds_Logo.jpg

(PRNewsfoto/Happiest Minds Technologies Limited)

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Happiest Minds recognized as a Rising Star in ISG's Provider Lens Digital Engineering Services US Report 2023 - Yahoo Finance

European LNG heavyweight ties up with Chinese yards to optimise FLNG engineering – Upstream Online

French membrane containment systems technology company GTT and Chinas leading shipbuilding group China State Shipbuilding Corporation (CSSC) have agreed to cooperate on the optimisation of engineering of floating liquefied natural gas (FLNG) vessels and floating storage and regasification units (FSRUs).

The strategic cooperation agreement between GTT and 12 subsidiaries of the CSSC conglomerate including Hudong-Zhonghua Shipbuilding, Shanghai Waigaoqiao Shipbuilding (SWS), Dalian Shipbuilding Industry Company (DSIC) and Jiangnan Shipyard also involves ship design and construction, cryogenic containment technologies for LNG shipping, and LNG as fuel and smart shippingsolutions.

This cooperation agreement with CSSC marks an important step in our development strategy in China. Together, we will explore opportunities for innovation and strengthen our position in a constantly evolving maritime sector," commented GTT chief executive Philippe Berterottiere.

As part of this agreement, GTT and CSSC aim, on one hand, to optimise the engineering of liquefied natural gas carriers - particularly on capacities ranging from 175,000 to 270,000 cubic metres - and also of the latest generation very large ethane carriers, FLNG and FRSU vessels.

On the other hand, cooperation between the two groups will aim to develop and market competitive LNG tank solutions with GTT technologies for all types of vessels, including LNG-propelled crude tankers, container ships and bulk carriers.

Hudong-Zhonghua, Jiangnan Shipyard, DSIC and SWS are among CSSC Group subsidiaries that are authorised to construct GTT technologies under technical assistance and license agreements.

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European LNG heavyweight ties up with Chinese yards to optimise FLNG engineering - Upstream Online

Electrical and Computer Engineering Professor Selected as One of the Worlds Top Industry Scientists by International … – Manhattan College News

George K. Giakos, Ph.D., professor of electrical and computer engineering, has been selected as one of the worlds top industry scientists by the Artificial Intelligence Infrastructure Alliance (AIIA). The designation is given to scholars and scientists whom the organization believes can contribute towards the growth and dissemination of AI principles within the industry.

As a member of this alliance, Giakos will promote the practical applications of artificial intelligence across various industries, fostering economic development and societal progress and facilitating industry connections. The AIIA notified Giakos that he had been selected by its board members for his research and contributions in the field of artificial intelligence.

"I am incredibly honored to be named one of the world's top industry scientists by the AIIA, said Giakos. This recognition is a testament to the hard work and dedication of my research team, colleagues and students at Manhattan College. We are constantly striving to push the boundaries of artificial intelligence and its applications and I am excited to continue working alongside such a talented group of individuals."

Giakos research interests lie primarily in technology innovation, through the integration of physics, engineering and artificial intelligence. He has more than 20 U.S. and foreign patents and has published 350 peer reviewed papers. He is the founding director of the Laboratory of Quantum Cognitive Imaging and Neuromorphic Engineering q(CINE) and Bioinspired Space Systems. Since 2000, Giakos has conducted research at prestigious U.S. national laboratories and companies such as NASA, The Air Force Research Laboratory, The Office of Naval Research and Lockheed Martin on the development and advancement of polarimetric imaging systems. Polarimetric imaging systems can capture hidden details and information that ordinary cameras miss and can be used for many applications including, medical imaging, environmental monitoring and art restoration.

Giakos and his Manhattan College students pioneered an artificial intelligence vision sensor technology called a Polarimetric Dynamic Vision Sensor p(DVS)s," blending neuromorphic processors (types of computer chips modeled on the structure and function of the brain) with polarimetric principles (principles based on the understanding and manipulating the polarization of light) that can process visual information in a way that is similar to the human optical system.

The AIIA was established in 2023 and is based in Hong Kong. It brings together scholars, scientists, government agencies and universities that are engaged in technology, research and development, applications, scientific education, consulting and investment and financing in the field of artificial intelligence.

I congratulate our colleague Dr. George Giakos on his selection as one of the world's top industry scientists within AIIA," said Anirban De, Ph.D., interim dean of the School of Engineering. This is a well-deserved recognition of Dr. Giakos' impressive record of scholarship as a faculty member at Manhattan College.

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Electrical and Computer Engineering Professor Selected as One of the Worlds Top Industry Scientists by International ... - Manhattan College News

Teslas Head of Vehicle Engineering Confirms the EV maker is Working on a 500-mile Range Cybertruck, Explains Why Tesla Cant Offer it Yet – Torque News

After the November 30 delivery event, we learned all the final specs of the Cybertruck. And the information we learned about the all-electric truck has been a bit of a mixed bag.

There are some attributes about the truck beyond the stainless steel exoskeleton that are truly revolutionary and that Tesla delivered without even promising.

These include things like the first steer-by-wire vehicle in the world, the first 48-volt vehicle in the world, the first vehicle to connect all components of a vehicle through a single high bandwidth ethernet loop, the first vehicle to be designed from the ground up for Teslas 4680 cells and a structural pack, the first Tesla to feature rear-wheel steering and so on.

Related News:MKBHD Releases Cybertruck 2nd Impressions Video All the Numbers Except 0 to 60 Mph are Worst Than They Promised, 1st Time Thats True for Tesla

All the things Ive listed above, in addition to being technological breakthroughs, also serve to make the Cybertruck a superior product than the original prototype Tesla showed off back in 2019.

In the real world, all the technological breakthroughs help maneuvering the Cybertruck be a breeze, cut the trucks weight, help diagnose any issue on the vehicle from a single point, and so on.

Were excited to see all the engineering advancements that Tesla delivered in the Cybertruck without even promising, however, there are also a couple of crucial specs Tesla promised with the Cybertruck and meaningfully underdelivered.

These are the trucks range and price. When Tesla unveiled the Cybertruck back in 2019, the EV maker said the truck would have a starting price of $39,900 and the top-of-the-line version would have more than a 500-mile EPA range.

However, what did we get at the end? A 340-mile truck that costs $100,000. And if you opt for the first 1000 Foundation Series Cybertrucks with laser-etched 3-headed Cyberbeast insignia and other unique features, the Cybertrucks starting price gets bumped up to $120,000 and that is still while only offering a 340-mile range.

To be fair to Tesla, the Cybertruck comes with a range extender that increases the trucks range from 350 miles all the way up to 470 miles. However, this addon 50KWh battery pack not only costs an extra $16,000 but also takes away 1/3 of the truck bed making the truck less useful.

Related News: A New Video Shows a Tesla Cybertruck Getting Rescued by a Ford F-150 After Electric Truck Got Stuck Off-Roading

This fact has been a reason behind a lot of negative commentary about the Cybertruck, however, Tesla appears to be still working on a 500-mile version of the Cybertruck to be released at a later date.

The teardown titan, Sandy Munro recently held a blockbuster interview with 5 of Teslas top engineering-focused executives. In this interview, we learned a lot about all the under the hood breakthroughs that make the Cybertruck a revolutionary vehicle.

Most of the interview was focused on explaining some of the engineering advancements and decisions and to our delight, Tesla executives have gone into detail to explain why Tesla decided to lower the Cybertrucks range to 340 miles and why the EV maker chose to offer the range extender.

You can watch the interview in its entirety and Ive linked the video below however, in a conversation between Teslas Senior Vice president of Energy and Powertrain Engineering, Drew Baglino, and Tesla's Head of Vehicle Engineering, Lars Moravy, we learned a lot about Teslas controversial decision for a range extender.

Teslas thought behind this decision is that the average US driver only drives 40 miles a day and on the rare occasion when he/she decides to drive on a longer trip, Tesla has set up a charging network that can top up the Cybertruck from 15% to 85% in just 18 minutes. However, I should say this is only using V4 superchargers that can charge the Cybertruck at 350KW.

So why not just offer a 500-mile range Cybertruck for people who need it without having to use a range extender? Well, range anxiety is still a thing and if Tesla offered a 500-mile truck everyone would flock to that trim just from an abundance of caution.

You might be asking what is the problem with that? After all, it just means more sales. Well, it wouldve been okay for Tesla to offer a 500-mile range Cybertruck, at the end of the day, if the consumers want it and Tesla has the technical ability to manufacture such a truck it shouldnt matter.

However, Teslas battery cell supply is currently significantly constrained. In addition to chip shortages, this is the reason Tesla was forced to delay the Cybertruck by over 2 years.

And as long as the EV maker is cell-constrained, every large battery pack it produces means decreasing the production capacity by a third or even half because there are not enough cells to go around.

This is disappointing however, Tesla is working on audacious plans to ramp up in-house cell manufacturing and as Tesla solves battery constraints in the next 2 years or so, the EV maker will likely start offering longer-range vehicles.

Currently, this is all the information weve regarding Teslas long-term plans to alleviate the cell shortage and start offering long-range vehicles however, well be sure to keep you posted along the way as the EV maker works towards this goal.

Until then, make sure to visit our site torquenews.com/Tesla regularly for the latest updates.

So what do you think? Excited to learn that Tesla is still working on a 500-mile range Cybertruck? How much would you pay for a 500-mile Cybertruck that doesnt use a range extender? Let us know your thoughts in the comments below.

Image: Courtesy of Tesla, Inc.

For more information check out:Tesla Starts Digging Boring Company Tunnels Under Giga Texas to Efficiently Deliver Parts Directly to the Production Line Through Tunnels

Tinsae Aregay has been following Tesla and The evolution of the EV space on a daily basis for several years. He covers everything about Tesla from the cars to Elon Musk, the energy business, and autonomy. Follow Tinsae on Twitter at @TinsaeAregay for daily Tesla news.

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Teslas Head of Vehicle Engineering Confirms the EV maker is Working on a 500-mile Range Cybertruck, Explains Why Tesla Cant Offer it Yet - Torque News

Ammonia fuel offers great benefits but demands careful action … – Engineering at Princeton University

Ammonia, a main component of many fertilizers, could play a key role in a carbon-free fuel system as a convenient way to transport and store clean hydrogen. The chemical, made of hydrogen and nitrogen (NH3), can also itself be burned as a zero-carbon fuel. However, new research led by Princeton University illustrates that even though it may not be a source of carbon pollution, ammonias widespread use in the energy sector could pose a grave risk to the nitrogen cycle and climate without proper engineering precautions.

Publishing their findings November 6 in PNAS, the interdisciplinary team of 12 researchers found that a well-engineered ammonia economy could help the world achieve its decarbonization goals and secure a sustainable energy future. A mismanaged ammonia economy, on the other hand, could ramp up emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O), a long-lived greenhouse gas around 300 times more potent than CO2 and a major contributor to the thinning of the stratospheric ozone layer. It could lead to substantial emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx), a class of pollutants that contribute to the formation of smog and acid rain. And it could directly leak fugitive ammonia emissions into the environment, also forming air pollutants, impacting water quality, and stressing ecosystems by disturbing the global nitrogen cycle.

Fortunately, the researchers found that the potential negative impacts of an ammonia economy can be minimized with proactive engineering practices. They argued that now is the time to start seriously preparing for an ammonia economy, tackling the potential sticking points of ammonia fuel before its widespread deployment.

We know an ammonia economy of some scale is likely coming, said research leader Amilcare Porporato, the Thomas J. Wu 94 Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering and the High Meadows Environmental Institute. And if we are proactive and future-facing in our approach, an ammonia economy could be a great thing. But we cannot afford to take the risks of ammonia lightly. We cannot afford to be sloppy.

As interest in hydrogen as a zero-carbon fuel has grown, so too has an inconvenient reality: it is notoriously difficult to store and transport over long distances. The tiny molecule must be stored at either temperatures below -253 degrees Celsius or at pressures as high as 700 times atmospheric pressure, conditions that are infeasible for widespread transport and prone to leakage.

Ammonia, on the other hand, is much easier to liquify, transport, and store, capable of being moved around similarly to tanks of propane.

Moreover, an established process for converting hydrogen into ammonia has existed since the early 20th century. Known as the Haber-Bosch process, the reaction combines atmospheric nitrogen with hydrogen to form ammonia. While the process was originally developed as a cost-effective way to turn atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia for use in fertilizers, cleaning products, and even explosives, the energy sector has looked to the Haber-Bosch process as a way to store and transport hydrogen fuel in the form of ammonia.

Ammonia synthesis is inherently energy-intensive, and fossil fuels without CO2 capture are currently used to meet almost all of its feedstock and energy demands. But as the researchers pointed out in their article, if new, electricity-driven processes that are currently under development can replace conventional fossil-fuel-derived ammonia synthesis, then the Haber-Bosch process or a different process altogether could be widely used to convert clean hydrogen into ammonia, which can itself be burned as a zero-carbon fuel.

Ammonia is an easy way to transport hydrogen over long distances, and its widespread use in agriculture means there is already an established infrastructure for producing and moving ammonia, said Matteo Bertagni, postdoctoral researcher at the High Meadows Environmental Institute working on the Carbon Mitigation Initiative. You could therefore create hydrogen in a resource-rich area, transform it into ammonia, and then transport it anywhere its needed around the globe.

Ammonias transportability is especially attractive to industries reliant on long-distance transportation, such as maritime shipping, and countries with limited available space for renewable resources. Japan, for example, already has a national energy strategy in place that incorporates the use of ammonia as a clean fuel. Straightforward storage requirements mean that ammonia might also find use as a vessel for long-term energy storage, complementary to or even replacing batteries.

At first glance, ammonia seems like an ideal cure for the problem of decarbonization, Porporato said. But almost every medicine comes with a set of potential side effects.

In theory, burning ammonia should yield only harmless nitrogen gas (N2) and water as products. But in practice, Michael E. Mueller, associate chair and professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering, stated that ammonia combustion can release harmful NOx and N2O pollutants.

Most N2O emissions from ammonia combustion are the result of disruptions to the combustion process. N2O is essentially an intermediate species in the combustion process, Mueller said. If the combustion process is allowed to finish, then there will be essentially no N2O emissions.

Yet Mueller said that under certain conditions, such as when a turbine is ramping up or down or if the hot combustion gases impinge upon cold walls, the ammonia combustion process can become disrupted and N2O emissions can quickly accumulate.

For instance, the researchers found that if ammonia fuel achieves a market penetration equal to around 5% of the current global primary energy demand (which would require 1.6 billion metric tons of ammonia production, or ten times current production levels), and if 1% of the nitrogen in that ammonia is lost as N2O, then ammonia combustion could produce greenhouse gas emissions equivalent to 15% of todays emissions from fossil fuels. The greenhouse gas intensity of such a loss rate would mean that burning ammonia fuel would be more polluting than coal.

Like ammonias N2O emissions, Robert Socolow, a professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering, emeritus, and senior scholar at Princeton, said that widespread usage of ammonia in the energy sector will add to all the other impacts that fertilizer has already had on the global nitrogen cycle.

In a seminal paper published in 1999, Socolow discussed the environmental impacts of the food systems widespread use of nitrogen-enriched fertilizers to promote crop growth, writing that, Excess fixed nitrogen, in various guises, augments the greenhouse effectcontaminates drinking water, acidifies rainand stresses ecosystems.

As the energy sector looks toward ammonia as a fuel, Socolow said that it can learn from agricultures use of ammonia as a fertilizer. He urged those in the energy sector to consult the decades of work from ecologists and agricultural scientists to understand the role of excess nitrogen in disturbing natural systems.

Ammonia fuel can be done, but it cannot be done in any way we wish, said Socolow, whose 2004 paper with Stephen Pacala, the Frederick D. Petrie Professor in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, emeritus, on stabilization wedges has become a foundation of modern climate policy. Its important that we look before we leap.

While the environmental consequences of an ammonia economy gone wrong are serious, the researchers emphasized that the potential stumbling blocks they identified are solvable through proactive engineering.

I interpret this paper as a handbook for engineers, Mueller said. By identifying the worst-case scenario for an ammonia economy, were really identifying what we need to be aware of as we develop, design, and optimize new ammonia-based energy systems.

For instance, Mueller said there are alternative combustion strategies that could help to minimize unwanted NOx and N2O emissions. While each strategy has its own set of pros and cons, he said that taking the time now to evaluate candidate systems with an eye toward mitigating emissions will ensure that combustion systems are poised to operate optimally for ammonia fuel.

Another option for accessing the energy in ammonia involves partially or fully splitting ammonia back into hydrogen and atmospheric nitrogen through a process known as cracking. Ammonia cracking, a line of research being actively pursued by Emily A. Carter, could help to make the fuel composition more favorable for combustion or even bypass the environmental concerns of ammonia burning by regenerating hydrogen fuel at the point of use. Carter is the Gerhard R. Andlinger Professor of Energy and the Environment and senior strategic advisor and associate laboratory director for applied materials and sustainability sciences at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL).

Furthermore, several technologies already exist at the industrial scale to convert unwanted NOx emissions from combustion back into N2 through a process known as selective catalytic reduction. These technologies could be straightforward to transfer to ammonia-based fuel applications. And as a convenient bonus, many of them rely on ammonia as a feedstock to remove NOx something that there would already be plenty of in an ammonia-based system.

Beyond the engineering practices that could be developed to minimize the environmental impacts of an ammonia economy, Porporato said future work will also look beyond engineering approaches to identify policies and regulatory strategies that would ensure the best-case scenario for ammonia fuel.

Imagine the problems we could have avoided if we knew the risks and environmental impacts of burning fossil fuels before the Industrial Revolution began, Porporato said. With the ammonia economy, we have the chance to learn from our carbon-emitting past. We have the opportunity to solve the challenges weve identified before they become an issue in the real world.

The paper, Minimizing the Impacts of the Ammonia Economy on the Nitrogen Cycle and Climate, was published November 6 in PNAS. In addition to Porporato, Bertagni, Mueller, Socolow, and Carter, coauthors include J. Mark P. Martirez of the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL); Chris Greig, Yiguang Ju, Sankaran Sundaresan, Mark Zondlo, and Rui Wang of Princeton University; and Tim Lieuwen of the Georgia Institute of Technology. The research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, the National Science Foundation, the BP-funded Carbon Mitigation Initiative at Princeton University, and the Moore Foundation.

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Ammonia fuel offers great benefits but demands careful action ... - Engineering at Princeton University

Chancellor May Wins Education Award from Engineering Society – University of California, Davis

Chancellor Gary S. May is this years recipient of the Education Award from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Electron Devices Society, the organization announced last month.

The society calls the award its highest honor to recognize distinguished contributions to education within [our] field of interest.

Mays award honors dedicated leadership and mentorship that has diversified academic leaders in education, the society said.

May has made mentorship, especially of underrepresented groups, a key focus of his career, and has created nationally recognized programs to attract, mentor and retain people from those groups in the fields of science, technology, engineering and math, or STEM.

In 2011 he was honored with the Lifetime Mentor Award from the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and in 2015, President Barack Obama selected May for the Presidential Award for Excellence in STEM Mentoring.

Earlier this year, May received the Lifetime Member of the Year award from the National Society of Black Engineers.

His field of study is computer-aided manufacturing of integrated circuits, a topic in which he has authored more than 200 technical publications, contributed to 15 books and holds a patent.

The award will be presented at a meeting in December.

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Chancellor May Wins Education Award from Engineering Society - University of California, Davis

Ph.D. Student Realized His Zeal for Mechanical Engineering as … – University of Toledo

The University of Toledo has been part of Pete Roccos life for quite a while.

Now a Ph.D. candidate in mechanical engineering, Pete Rocco began his Rocket journey as a student at Toledo Early College High School and then went on to earn his bachelors degree in bioengineering.

A first-generation college student, Rocco initially planned to pursue a career as a medical doctor. Then he discovered engineering, specifically mechanical engineering.

Pete Rocco spent spring semester at NASA Glenn Research Center as a safety mission and assurance intern.

Toward the last part of my bachelors degree, I realized my true passion was geared more toward mechanical engineering fatigue of materials, shape memory alloys to be specific after doing a co-op under my advisor, Dr. Mohammad Elahinia, Rocco said. I decided to stay on for my masters degree and focus on mechanical engineering.

My passion for fatigue of materials comes from the real-life fatigue failures that have happened aerospace, airplanes, buildings, bridges and other mechanical components that have failed and have caused tragic situations, including the loss of human life, he added. If we can understand the fatigue of materials and the mechanisms that lead to eventual failure, we can then create better materials for the future in real-world applications, in the best effort to prevent or correct serious failures from occurring.

Rocco spent the spring semester at NASA Glenn Research Center as a safety mission and assurance intern.

This NASA experience is thanks to the invaluable training I received at UT in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, he said. The academic and research programs at The University of Toledo are top-notch and truly set up students for a bright future. Without the guidance I received in academia and research at UT, my achievements would not be possible.

Rocco is scheduled to graduate with his Ph.D. in spring 2025.

Scheduled to graduate with his Ph.D. in spring 2025, Rocco said his career plans are flexible.

He may seek out an industrial research-based position, but he is also open to post-doctoral positions or teaching positions.

UToledo, including the College of Engineering, truly prepares students for success in the world, he said. The lessons you learn and the guidance you receive from your mentors are paramount, and UToledo and the College of Engineering are among the best regarding this.

Elahinia, Distinguished University Professor and chair of the Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Department, has been Roccos mentor.

I admire Pete for his kind heart, dedication and eagerness to learn and collaborate, he said. He is always ready to take on a new challenge. He is equally ready to cooperate with others and to mentor. He has been a very successful instructor for both the Mechanical Engineering as well as Engineering Technology Department.

As an example of his passion for community engagement and mentoring, Pete recently participated in Manufacturing Day at the Toledo Technology Academy of Engineering, where he advised students on the possibilities and benefits of studying engineering at UToledo.

As a longtime Rocket, Rocco offered this advice for students who are thinking about their own journey in UToledos College of Engineering: Engineering is such a broad field that the options and possibilities are truly endless he said. One must identify what they are passionate about, and then go for it. The best part is that at The University of Toledo College of Engineering, this is truly possible.

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Ph.D. Student Realized His Zeal for Mechanical Engineering as ... - University of Toledo

Fruit flies could hold the key to building resiliency in autonomous … – University of Nevada, Reno

Mechanical Engineering Assistant Professor Floris van Breugel has been awarded a $2 million National Science Foundation (NSF) grant to adapt autonomous robots to be as resilient as fruit flies.

Resiliency in autonomous robotic systems is crucial, especially for robotics systems that are used in disaster response and surveillance, such as drones monitoring wildfires. Unfortunately, modern robots have difficulty responding to new environments or damage to their bodies that might occur during disaster response, van Breugel wrote in his grant application. In contrast, living systems are remarkably adept at quickly adjusting their behavior to new situations thanks to redundancy and flexibility within their sensory and muscle control systems.

Scientific discoveries in fruit flies have helped shed light on how these insects achieve resiliency in flight, according to van Breugel. His project will translate that emerging knowledge on insect neuroscience to develop more resilient robotic systems.

This is a highly competitive award on a topic with tremendous potential impact, which also speaks of the research excellence of the investigator and Mechanical Engineering at UNR, Petros Voulgaris, Mechanical Engineering department chair, said.

This research aligns with the College of Engineerings Unmanned Vehicles research pillar.

The intersection of engineering and flies long has been an interest to van Breugel.

As an undergrad I did research where my main project was designing a flying, hovering thing that was vaguely inspired by birds or insects, he said. Throughout that project, I realized that the hard part, which was more interesting to me, is once you have this mechanical thing that can fly, how do you control it? How do you make it go where you want it to go? If it gets broken, how do you adapt to that?

Van Breugel says he is examining the way animals can repurpose or reprogram their sensorimotor systems on the fly to quickly compensate for internal damage or external perturbations.

Working with van Breugel on the grant are experts in insect neuroscience, including Michael Dickinson, professor of bioengineering and aeronautics at the California Institute of Technology (and van Breugels Ph.D. advisor) as well as Yvette Fisher, assistant professor of neurobiology at U.C. Berkeley. Both have pioneered aspects of brain imaging in flies in regards to the discoveries and technology in the field that van Breugel is utilizing in this research project. Also on the project: Bing Bruton, associate professor of biology at the University of Washington, who brings her expertise in computational neuroscience.

The importance of flies in the realm of both engineering and neuroscience stems from the combination of their sophisticated behavior together with brains that are numerically simple enough that they can be studied in detail. This goldilocks combination, van Bruegel said, makes it feasible to distill properties of their neural processing into fundamental engineering principles that can be applied to robotics systems.

As part of the grant, research experiences will be offered to middle school, high school and undergraduate students to participate in both neuroscience and robotics research. Van Breugel and his team also will develop open-source content to help bring neuroscience fluency to engineering students. This aligns with the College of Engineerings Student Engagement operational pillar.

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Fruit flies could hold the key to building resiliency in autonomous ... - University of Nevada, Reno