C&F: Greater clarity for innovative mobile communications companies

Dsseldorf, March 20, 2023 In its Electromigration ruling handed down on January 10, 2023 (X ZR 6/21), the Federal Court of Justice (Bundesgerichtshof BGH) addressed the question of obvious prior use in connection with reverse engineering. Among other things, the case concerned a semiconductor chip installed in a smartphone, the obvious prior use of which the judges confirmed. The European patent in question (EP 3 036 768) was declared partially invalid with effect for the Federal Republic of Germany.

In its judgement, the Federal Court of Justice upheld the decision of the Federal Patent Court (Bundespatentgericht) (case no: 2 Ni 21/20 (EP)), stating that the not too remote possibility of knowledge (see Federal Court of Justice Stiletto heel ruling of November 25, 1965, IA ZR 117/64), which is a requirement for obvious prior use, also exists if the relevant features of a chip can only be recognized by reverse engineering.

Up to now, there has been comparatively little German case law on the matter of reverse engineering in relation to obvious prior use. This decision by the Federal Court of Justice is therefore particularly relevant, says Gottfried Schll, patent attorney and partner at Cohausz & Florack (C&F). C&F believes the ruling will be of particular interest to the mobile communications industry: As the cost of reverse engineering in this field is often very high, the ruling brings greater clarity regarding its legal acceptance, says Dr. Martin Rtten, patent attorney at C&F.

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Singapore-based ST Engineerings business Urban Solutions has obtained a turnkey rail services contract valued at more than $318.9m (S$430m) from the Kaohsiung City Mass Rapid Transit Bureau in Taiwan.

As part of a larger contract with consortium partner Hyundai Rotem, this order has been awarded for the new Kaohsiung MRT Red Line South Extension (Siaogang-Linyuan Line).

ST Engineering Urban Solutions will be responsible for systems integration and overall project management for the extension.

The company will also offer rail electronics solutions, comprising supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems, as well as communications systems.

Other solutions include an automatic fare collection system, platform screen doors and depot equipment.

Furthermore, it will coordinate with its partners for the supply of the signalling system and bulk substation.

Hyundai Rotem will deliver the rolling stock and power supply for the project.

Anticipated to begin later this year, the Urban Solutions contract will run over a period of nine years.

ST Engineering Urban Solutions president Chew Men Leong said: This contract builds on our long-standing partnership with the Kaohsiung City Mass Rapid Transit Bureau and represents a strong vote of confidence in our project management, systems integration and engineering capabilities.

We are excited about the opportunity to lead the Red Line South Extension project, which will enhance connectivity in Southern Kaohsiung, catalyse economic growth and improve the quality of life for the local communities.

Part of the Kaohsiung City Governments Southern Taiwan Development Plan, the Red Line South Extension is an 11.27km line, which features six underground stations and one elevated station.

Operating through three national industrial parks in Southern Taiwan, this line will link to Kaohsiung MRTs existing Red and Orange Lines upon its completion in 2030.

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ST Engineering receives $318m rail contract in Taiwan - Railway Technology

Formula 1 is full of complex lingo and circuit-specific narratives that can confuse and baffle the occasional viewer or new fan. Why is the Hungarian Grand Prix known for its quali bias? What makes the Singapore Grand Prix the most physically challenging race? And why do teams take different rear wings for the Monaco Grand Prix?

With 23 circuits, there can be a lot to take in, so weve organised for you to join us in Lando and Oscars engineering briefings, where well walk you through this weekends key trackside topics so that you can enjoy the Saudi Arabian Grand Prix to its fullest.

Oscars Race Engineer Tom Stallard is leading this weekends engineering briefing. The Jeddah Corniche Circuit is part of a new breed of street circuit, much faster and wider than the likes of Monaco. Tom will explore the differences between Jeddah and other street tracks, explain why weve brought a different rear wing and discuss what we can expect from a strategy perspective this weekend.

Time to begin. Grab a coffee and follow us through the glass doors and into the Paddock Performance Centre. Take notes if you need them, but please keep them to yourself.

Engineer: Tom StallardEvent: Saudi Arabian Grand PrixCircuit: Jeddah Corniche Circuit

Usually, for a street circuit, we would be cautious at the start of the weekend, perhaps running the car a little softer to give the drivers an easier intro. That isnt really the case here. This is more like a permanent circuit: the asphalt works like a permanent track and there arent the bumps that you see in places like Monaco and Singapore.

Those bumps are why you might modify a car for a street circuit but for somewhere as smooth as this, there isnt the need to deviate from where you want to go with the set-up.

The circuit in Jeddah this weekend has changed a bit. Some of the walls have moved: the final chicane has been tweaked, and the apex speed there will be lower and a gear down, and the bolted metal kerbs have been replaced with concrete, filled with asphalt behind, designed to prevent the skateboard-style of accident. Theres plenty to learn today.

The key thing here is those big walls in the exit in lots of places. A little bit like Baku, its important to be really accurate with the initial turn-in. The drivers need to brake really well, and the first movement of the car is critical because once you do that, the die is cast.

Judging that braking point right makes you massively quicker than someone who undercooks it, and can never get the time back, or leaves it too late and has to lift to avoid a wall. For the drivers, getting confidence from the laps in practice is vital.

Tyres are a big issue in Jeddah. We have the same compounds as last year. Were expecting graining, and for that graining to be pretty terrible in FP1 but improving over the weekend as the track rubbers in. The question to answer is how much better its going to get thats what well be trying to predict.

Last year, the graining was very bad on Friday so bad everyone only carried four sets of Soft tyres into qualifying, to have one extra set of the harder compounds available for the race and then most cars were able to one-stop in the race because the tyres improved a lot.

Our challenge on Friday is to identify early enough whether were going to see the same track evolution this year, and the same improvement in tyre performance.

This really is something we have to study here. The references from Bahrain, in the test and grand prix, arent really helpful. The asphalt here is very smooth, with a very low macro-roughness, which puts much less stress on the tyres its very much the opposite end of the range to Bahrain. Difficult to imagine consecutive races so different.

Well be running a different rear wing in Jeddah to the one we had in Bahrain. Its a step lower in the downforce range to better suit this circuit, and well be using it on both cars from the start of FP1. Its a new rear wing so well be studying it expect to see some flo-vis and want to sign it off.

Wed expect to run it all weekend but that will depend on whether we see what were expecting in terms of grip levels, track temperatures, our performance through the speed traps versus other cars, and so on.

Preparing for quali will be interesting too because last year there wasnt really consensus. Getting the Soft tyre to work on the first timed lap was not straightforward. It seemed to get quicker and quicker through a run in practice, and even as late as Q3, there was a 50-50 split between cars that did a first timed, and those who did a warm-up.

Wed like to have a better idea of which approach is going to work best first-timed or warm-up lap: how the track changes according to temperature, what happens with a little bit of track evolution and how best to prepare on the out-lap. Our quali-sims will be very important for finding more information.

Briefing complete. Time for Lando and Oscar to head out onto the track so we can collect some data and put our hard work to the test.

Our Team Principal on overcoming our short-term issues and implementing his long-term vision

"The team head to Saudi with renewed mindset and determination"

Street circuits make up more than a third of the F1 calendar, how much do you know about them?

A behind the scenes look at the 2023 Bahrain Grand Prix

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"Head tilts in dogs are a fairly known behavior, but the most surprising thing for me was that no one before us investigated it," study lead author Andrea Sommese, an ethologist at Etvs Lornd University in Budapest, told Live Science.

For a first study, Sommese and his colleagues analyzed 40 videos in which dog owners asked their pets to fetch them a toy by saying its name and noticed that all 40 of the dogs cocked their heads after the requests were made.

The researchers further noticed that there were gifted dogs who could find the right toys and others who could not. In the second study, the scientists found that the gifted dogs tilted their heads 43 percent of the time during the exercise while other pooches tilted their heads in only 2 percent of the cases.

"We are not claiming that only gifted dogs tilt their heads while typical dogs never do it," Sommese said.

"Typical dogs also do that, some more often than others, but in this specific situation, when the owner asks for a toy by its name, only the gifted dogs show a nice tilt."

The researchers therefore concluded that dog head-tilts could be related to sounds that both interest and confuse them.

"Dogs tilt their heads in a number of situations, but it seems that they do this only when they hear something that is very relevant to them," Sommese said.

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Dogs tilt their heads when they are 'confused,' study finds - Interesting Engineering

GATE 2023 Topper: Twenty-three-old Rohit Bhagat Kalwar was so confident about his performance in the Graduate Aptitude Test for Engineering (GATE) 2023 that he quit his job just after appearing in the exam. However, topping the merit list was not his aim.

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When I came out of the exam hall I was convinced that I will crack the GATE with a decent score. Therefore, I decided to quit my job at a pharmaceutical company and patiently waited for the result. However, securing AIR 1 the exam came as a surprise to me, Kalwar said.

A resident of Siwan district in Bihar, Rohit completed BTech in Chemical Engineering from Jadavpur University. But unlike other engineering students, he had no preference for any engineering branch or college.

I come from a humble background where getting a job is a primary goal. With my limited knowledge, all I knew was to pursue engineering and get a good job. Since I am the eldest among siblings and my parents are not aware of academics, I prepared for all entrance exams and cracked WBJEE to get into JU. This is where my life changed as I saw my seniors making it to the top 10 list of GATE. Inspired by them, I decided to prepare for the exam, he said.

Rohit completed his BTech degree in 2021 and was placed with a pharmaceutical company. However, the dream to have a settled government job always stuck with him and he simultaneously prepared for GATE.

I did not join any coaching as I was preparing alongside my job. I attended Unacademys doubt-solving tutorials to clear my doubts. If prepared with a proper strategy and the right study material which preferably are graduation books, one can qualify the exam, Kalwar said.

Apart from GATE, the topper was also preparing for PSU recruitment exams. He will preferably join a PSU over higher studies through his GATE score.

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First published on: 20-03-2023 at 17:19 IST

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Confident of cracking GATE 2023, chemical engineering topper quit job just before result - The Indian Express