Category Archives: Ethereum
Crypto Price Today: Bitcoin holds at $26,000; Ethereum retains $1,650; Shiba Inu tanks 5% – Business Today
Bitcoin and other crypto tokens were trading range-bound on Tuesday, with a negative bias. The digital asset market has been struggling with prolonged winter, regulatory actions and litigations over the last few weeks. However, macroeconomic signals will also have their say in the token markets.Travala.comis a leading booking service that embraces cryptocurrency, offering a vast selection of travel options across the globe, including hotels, homes, flights, tours, and activities. The AVA token serves as the gateway to web3 loyalty initiatives, furnishing users with advantages like reduced AVA payments, rewards through AVA loyalty programs, exclusive access privileges, and additional benefits.Image: Chart-TravalaThe AVA/USDT price gained nearly 7% during the course of a day. The daily trend has broken above the ascending triangle pattern with a surge in buying volumes. The next resistance is expected at 0.68 USDT and an immediate support is expected at 0.57 USDT.(Views and recommendations given in this section are the analysts' own and do not represent those of Business Today. Please consult your financial adviser before taking any position in the asset/s mentioned.)
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Bad Actors Deployed Over 500 Scam Crypto Assets on Coinbases Ethereum Layer-2 Prior to Launch: Surveillance Firm – The Daily Hodl
A crypto surveillance firm says black hat developers have placed hundreds of malicious tokens on Coinbases newly launched Ethereum (ETH) layer-2 chain.
According to Solidus Labs, bad actors deployed more than 500 scam tokens on Base days after the blockchain debuted for developers on July 13th and before the network became available for the public on August 9th.
Roughly 300 of these scam tokens smart contracts contained hidden functions enabling their creators to mint an unlimited number of new coins; another 70 contracts contained obfuscated transaction fee modifiers; and more than 60 contained honeypots, blocking buyers from reselling their tokens altogether.
Solidus Labs says the scam tokens generated about $3.7 million worth of trading volume on Bases decentralized exchanges (DEXs). The rogue assets drew in $2.7 million worth of buys, $700,000 worth of sales and $300,000 worth of wash sales that the fraudsters executed themselves.
The perpetrators managed to earn $2 million in profits from the scheme by removing all liquidity from their DEX pairs after a significant number of users invested and by minting and selling massive quantities of new coins.
Malicious actors also placed soft rug pull crypto assets on the network ahead of the launch. In this type of social engineering attack, developers hype up the value of the crypto asset and then withdraw their funds, leaving existing investors with overwhelming sell pressure.
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4 Liquid Staking Startups That Are Unlocking Ethereums Potential – Forbes
enhancing the utility of the raw material.getty
Coinbases recent quarterly report showed that their staking rewards revenue grew 19% quarter-over-quarter to $88 million or 13% of net revenue, with $7 billion worth of ether being their largest staked asset. In addition, their venture arm is investing millions of dollars in the liquid staking protocol Rocket Pool, while the global competitor exchange Binance is investing $10 million in the liquid staking project Helio. Its clear that traditional exchange companies see liquid staking as the cornerstone of the future crypto economy. All of this raises the question of how exactly liquid staking differs from regular Ethereum staking.
As a reminder, stakers hold and lock up a certain amount of cryptocurrency. Meanwhile, participants, often called validators, receive additional cryptocurrency in exchange for their contributions. Taking this concept a step further, the concept of liquid staking allows crypto assets holders to stake their assets to secure a network and earn rewards while still retaining the flexibility to trade or use their assets as needed. Unlike traditional staking, where locked-up assets are illiquid and inaccessible, liquid staking allows participants to stake their assets while keeping them tradable. The market is clearly showing how interested traders are in liquid staking options. CoinMarketCap currently shows a market cap of around $18 billion for liquid staking derivative tokens, while DefiLlama reports a total value locked of $21 billion for liquid staking protocols.
The biggest trailblazer in the liquid staking arena in terms of TVL is Lido, a set of open-source software tools that operate on the EthereumETH, SolanaSOL, and PolygonMATIC blockchain networks. Lido enables users to mint transferable utility tokens tied to validation activities and staking rewards. But what's truly unique about Lido is the emphasis on user liquidity and participation in the decentralized finance space. Isidoros Passadis, aka Izzy, a contributor to Lido DAODAO as Master of Validators, shared his personal views with me about Lidos role in shaping the DeFi landscape through liquid staking.
Personally, I think that by providing a broader audience productive ways to employ their capital, and enabling deep liquidity for users, liquid staked tokens are poised to increasingly serve as base assets in DeFi, Passadis told me in an interview. Capital tends to look for the most effective and efficient forms to take, and the combination of DeFi and liquid staking enables one to capture additional value from productive capital.
Meanwhile, Liquid Collective protocol, championed by software development company Alluvial, has emerged as a leading force in this liquid staking movement. This protocol allows users to earn rewards by participating in proof-of-stake blockchains while retaining liquidity in the form of a receipt token evidencing ownership of a staked token.
As participation in liquid staking continues to grow, we recognized a need to create a standard to combat fragmentation, Mara Schmiedt, CEO of Alluvial, told me in an interview. Our design philosophy is to develop this security and compliance-conscious solution collaboratively through a collective of global players in the custody, exchange, banking and infrastructure markets and align incentives across all members to ensure the widespread adoption of the standard.
For yet another liquid staking example, Kiln, focuses on providing easy access to staking rewards, enabling institutional customers to stake their assets, and whitelabeling staking functionality into their offerings. Laszlo Szabo, co-founder and CEO at Kiln, told me in an interview that the goal is to provide a seamless staking experience for users across diverse blockchain networks.
"We believe that the staking market is becoming increasingly institutionalized and must evolve beyond merely running validators to address the growing customer need for risk diversification. This entails creating validator-agnostic APIs and services to facilitate multi-provider staking. This, in turn, allows digital assets to be staked wherever they are held, including wallets, custodians, and exchanges. As the industry evolves and the demand for integrating multiple staking players becomes more evident, Kiln is ideally positioned to play the role of an aggregator and accelerate this process," Szabo said.
Last but certainly not least, to round out this roundup of DeFi experiments, StakeWise is a liquid staking protocol on Ethereum that enables users to earn passive yield on ETH without entrusting funds to StakeWise. Users can stake any amount of ETH with the node operators they choose and keep their stake liquid with the liquid staking token of StakeWise.
Despite the high-degree of flexibility that comes with the StakeWise architecture, it is vital that everyday stakers can also benefit from the solution in a user-friendly manner, Kirill Kutakov, co-founder of StakeWise, told me in an interview.
When considering staking, the term "user-friendly" doesn't immediately spring to mind. However, as the notion of liquid staking continues to gather momentum, the companies driving the development of associated tools like Lido, Alluvial, Kiln, and StakeWise face the task of devising solutions that facilitate a smoother and more inclusive approach to our interactions with blockchain networks. Despite over 25 million ether already being staked, this figure represents just 21% of the total ether supply. Undoubtedly, the path to unlocking Ethereum's full potential lies in embracing liquid staking.
I have been passionate about web3 and crypto since 2017, when I started my career in the industry as a Chief Growth Officer at Bits of Gold, a leading cryptocurrency brokerage service in Israel. Since then, I have gained five years of experience in various roles of strategy, business development, sales and marketing, working with global crypto platforms, such as eToro and Outlier Ventures.
Today, I am leading the crypto and web3 investments at Entre Capital, a prominent venture capital fund that backs early-stage startups in fintech, e-commerce, SaaS, and other sectors. I also mentor web3 startups for Outlier Ventures, a venture platform that supports innovative projects in crypto, DeFi, and NFTs. In addition, I am the editor in chief of Web3 Start-Up Nation, a weekly LinkedIn newsletter that covers the thriving web3 scene in Israel. My mission is to help entrepreneurs and investors navigate the opportunities and challenges of the web3 space, and to contribute to the growth and adoption of this transformative technology.
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4 Liquid Staking Startups That Are Unlocking Ethereums Potential - Forbes
Vitalik Buterin Receives Taiwan’s Gold Card: ‘A Very Good Ethereum community’ – Benzinga
August 21, 2023 3:30 PM | 1 min read
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Ethereum (CRYPTO: ETH) co-founder, Vitalik Buterin, has been presented with Taiwan's esteemed Employment Gold Card during his recent visit to the country.
This accolade, a testament to Buterin's contributions to the digital and crypto realms, grants him the privilege to travel in and out of Taiwan with greater ease for the next three years, the country's local media outlet reported.
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Buterin, who's a billionaire due to his work with Ethereum, expressed his appreciation for the recognition and the strong Ethereum community in Taiwan.
"I have been to Taiwan many times before, and I like it every time. We have a very good Ethereum community in Taiwan. It will be more convenient to have a gold card to come many times," Buterin stated.
The awarding of the Gold Card underscores Taiwan's recognition of global leaders in the tech industry and its commitment to fostering a collaborative digital environment.
Also Read:UAE Wants To Be A Global Crypto Hub, Says SEBA Bank Senior Exec Christian Borel
Buterin's acknowledgment of the vibrant Ethereum community in Taiwan further highlights the nation's growing prominence in the global crypto landscape.
Earlier in the year,Bloomberg reported that Taiwan intended to designate its premier financial watchdog, the Financial Supervisory Commission (FSC), as the primary authority for cryptocurrency oversight.
Quoting sources, the report stated that both the FSC and Taiwanese lawmakers have been collaborating with various governmental agencies and engaging with crypto industry stakeholders to devise a solid regulatory framework.
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Vitalik Buterin Receives Taiwan's Gold Card: 'A Very Good Ethereum community' - Benzinga
Base App Friend.Tech Reveals Users’ Ethereum (ETH) Addresses – BeInCrypto
Crypto social media platform friend.tech has denied it leaked a database of 101,183 Ethereum (ETH) addresses. The breach reportedly allowed the decentralized finance (DeFi) protocol to impersonate users on social media.
The breach claimed to link the X (Twitter) IDs of affected members with their ETH wallets. The platform enables users to exchange tokenized shares with their influencers.
Several users whose ETH addresses were compromised said they revoked access. The link to the leaked database has since broken.
Four days before its launch friend.tech announced a new bridge to fund user wallets from Ethereum balances. On Aug. 12, a Twitter user with the handle @w1nt3r_eth flagged concerns that friend.tech logged ETH transfers.
The project team said the user misidentified the printing of the users public wallet address in their browser as an attempt to log a transaction. They also claim friend.techs wallets need more than one signature to spend crypto.
But friend.tech denied anything sinister had occurred, saying:
This is just someone scraping our public API that shows the association between public wallet addresses and public Twitter usernames. Its like saying someone hacked you by looking at your public Twitter feed.
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Friend.tech was founded by the creators of Stealcam, an application that instantly converts uploaded images to NFTs. Both projects meld elements of social media and crypto-economics.
Friend.techs user base swelled to 44,000 in five days after launching on Coinbases Base chain a week ago. On Sunday, the number of unique buyers rose to more than 54,000, while the number of sellers totaled 20,000.
Before the project launched, friend.tech described itself as an upcoming crypto x social platform. In other words, it earned money from trades between connected users.
Stealcam incentivizes users to steal NFTs from each other. It pays the victim in full for the NFT. The creator and previous owner share 45% of the restitution payment, with Stealcam earning a 10% cut.
Find out here how to monetize NFT art.
In an interview with Artnet News, one of Stealcams founders said crypto users saw the project as a playful extension of their social media circles.
Got something to say about Friend.techs revealing of ETH addressesor anything else? Write to us or join the discussion on ourTelegram channel.You can also catch us onTikTok,Facebook, orX (Twitter).
In adherence to the Trust Project guidelines, BeInCrypto is committed to unbiased, transparent reporting. This news article aims to provide accurate, timely information. However, readers are advised to verify facts independently and consult with a professional before making any decisions based on this content.
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Base App Friend.Tech Reveals Users' Ethereum (ETH) Addresses - BeInCrypto
Crypto Investors Banking on Ethereum and Borroe for Long-Term … – Crypto News Flash
Ethereum, often referred to as the largest DeFi ecosystem, with billions of dollars in total value locked (TVL), has gained the interest of crypto investors looking to get involved in decentralized finance (DeFi). Among the multitude of digital assets available in the Ethereum ecosystem is Borroe ($ROE) (built atop Polygon, an Ethereum side chain), an AI-based deflationary altcoin that aids Web3 enterprises in converting forthcoming recurring revenue into immediate cash through cool NFT sales.
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Ethereum, known as the leading platform for decentralized applications (dApps) and decentralized finance (DeFi), has continued to attract investors looking to take advantage of the top DeFi projects available in the ecosystem. One of its key attributes is the concept of smart contracts, which enable self-executing agreements without intermediaries.
This technology has fueled the growth of decentralized applications (dApps), trending NFTs, and more. As a result, investors are increasingly looking to invest in new DeFi projects for outsized gains.
Since transitioning from a proof-of-work (PoW) consensus mechanism to a more energy-efficient proof-of-stake (PoS) model, Ethereum has attracted more stakers and investors. Ethereum has become more scalable, secure, and environmentally friendly, making it an even more attractive option for long-term holding.
The Ethereum 2.0 launch presents advantages not only to ETH but also for Ethereum layer-2-based projects such as Borroe ($ROE), developed on the Polygon blockchain.
This advancement can amplify Ethereums scalability and security, effectively elevating the appeal of Ethereum and its ERC-20 tokens, attracting more DeFi enthusiasts, cool NFT projects and investors.
Borroe ($ROE) is on course to become a top 10 cryptocurrency. The top $ROE altcoin has garnered the attention of crypto investors, particularly those interested in the retail crypto market.
Debuting with its presale, Borroe offers a unique value proposition that excites retail enthusiasts seeking innovative opportunities. The project introduces a novel approach to Web3 fundraising.
The Polygon-based token integrates an AI-powered trending NFT marketplace that facilitates builders, creators, and participants in the Web3 market to access upfront funds from anticipated recurring revenues, contributing significantly to the growth of the burgeoning industry.
$ROE is a deflationary token, strategically designed to promote retention, deter excessive expenditure, heighten scarcity, and foster its adoption as a robust store of value.
Borroe Finance offers an innovative instant funding approach. Businesses can swiftly generate cash flow by creating cool NFT representations of upcoming and outstanding invoices. These NFTs can subsequently be sold at a discounted rate on the marketplace, providing a unique avenue for immediate liquidity.
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Borroes team members, Maxim Prishchepo and Michael Price, are both distinguished professionals with a wealth of experience in the fintech and financial sectors.
Prices decades of experience in crafting efficient fintech and financial solutions blend seamlessly with the platform, while Prishchepo complements this synergy with his profound understanding of blockchain technology and financial systems.
With such a formidable team in place, the trajectory of the $ROE altcoin appears promising for a remarkable journey ahead.
Beyond the teams composition, the recent acquisition of a compliance certificate from BlockAudit further validates the projects integrity. This certification stems from a successful audit of Borroes smart contract, enhancing the projects credibility.
$ROE plays a pivotal role in tackling the funding challenges faced by Web3 businesses. Given that many conventional financing firms struggle to support these startups due to a lack of comprehension about Web3, $ROE steps in to bridge this gap and provide the much-needed financial boost.
The $ROE deflationary token achieved remarkable success by selling out within just five days during its Beta Stage. As evidence of its burgeoning popularity, the tokens price has already surged by 25% during its ongoing presale Stage 1.
Currently valued at $0.0125, the $ROE price has a targeted presale price of $0.040. This signifies that early investors stand to gain over 200% returns when the token price reaches the anticipated target level.
This dynamic combination of benefits, strategic development, and increasing token value paints a promising picture for both current and future investors.
Holders of $ROE are poised to reap benefits, including reduced transaction fees, participation in governance decisions, and incentives for repayment. As the Borroe Finance ecosystem flourishes, $ROE is undoubtedly one of the best cryptos to invest in. It is designed to appreciate over time, enhancing the rewards for its early adopters and holders.
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Crypto Investors Banking on Ethereum and Borroe for Long-Term ... - Crypto News Flash
Untangling Ethereum’s Merkle and Patricia Trees | Branded Voices … – Native News Online
Details
Delve into the fascinating world of Ethereum's advanced data structures. This article presents a deep dive into Ethereum's usage of Merkle Trees and Patricia Trees, shedding light on how these components intertwine to boost efficiency, security, and scalability. If Ethereum has captured your interest, it's essential to understand the essence and fundamental aspects that drive its ecosystem.
Exploring Merkle Trees
So, what exactly is a Merkle Tree? A Merkle Tree, often referred to as a 'hash tree', is a binary tree of hashes. In the context of Ethereum and other blockchains, it's used for efficient and secure verification of large volumes of data. The tree structure begins with the 'leaf nodes' at the bottom of the tree these represent the raw data. Each leaf node is given a unique cryptographic hash. These hashes are then paired, hashed again, and this process continues up the tree until you reach the 'root' or 'Merkle root'. This single hash effectively represents the entirety of the data stored in the tree.
Within the Ethereum ecosystem, Merkle Trees serve a vital function. They are used to confirm the integrity and validity of the transactions within each block. This application allows for "light" Ethereum clients that can operate with less computational power, as they can simply verify the chain with hash roots instead of needing the entire blockchain history.
However, like all technologies, Merkle Trees have their strengths and limitations. On the one hand, they offer robust security and efficiency, allowing for the rapid validation of data, an attribute crucial in a blockchain's operation. Yet, on the other hand, the construction and maintenance of Merkle Trees can be complex, especially as the volume of data increases.
Understanding Patricia Trees
A Patricia Tree is a type of trie, or a search tree, an ordered tree data structure. This unique data structure is used to store a dynamic set or associative array where the keys are usually strings. The name Patricia stands for Practical Algorithm to Retrieve Information Coded in Alphanumeric, signifying its fundamental function of enabling fast data retrieval.
In Ethereum's context, Patricia Trees are employed as a form of storage for account data. More precisely, Ethereum uses a specialized version of Patricia Trees called 'Merkle-Patricia Trees' or 'Trie'. These offer a way to encode the state of the entire blockchain, ensuring that every node, transaction, and contract in the history of the blockchain can be found quickly and efficiently.
Patricia Trees bring their own set of advantages and potential constraints to the Ethereum framework. The key advantage of using Patricia Trees is their efficiency in storing and retrieving data, making them ideal for a blockchain network that must handle vast quantities of data quickly and securely.
In essence, Patricia Trees form a vital part of Ethereum's approach to data management, providing a solution to the demands of speed, security, and efficiency that come with operating a blockchain platform. Their role becomes even more intriguing as we delve into the synergy between Merkle Trees and Patricia Trees in Ethereum's data structure design.
The Intersection of Merkle Trees and Patricia Trees
Having examined Merkle Trees and Patricia Trees independently, it's now time to explore the intersection of these two powerful data structures in the Ethereum ecosystem. This combination results in what is commonly referred to as the 'Merkle Patricia Tree', a unique hybrid that Ethereum utilizes for its state storage.
The Merkle Patricia Tree, often simply referred to as 'trie', is a unique fusion of the principles of Merkle Trees and Patricia Trees. While the Merkle Trees allow Ethereum to ensure data integrity through cryptographic hashes, Patricia Trees offer efficient storage and retrieval of this data.
In the context of Ethereum's blockchain design, Merkle Patricia Trees play a critical role in recording the state of the Ethereum network. The entire state of Ethereum (including account balances, contract code, contract storage, and more) is stored in a large Merkle Patricia Tree. When a new block is mined, a new state of Ethereum is created, but this new state is highly linked to the previous state via the trie structure, allowing for a compact and efficient representation of the Ethereum state over time.
Merkle Patricia Trees offer a high degree of scalability and data optimization. They are crucial in enabling the 'light' client operation in the Ethereum network, which allows for secure interaction with the Ethereum blockchain without needing to store the entire blockchain history.
Conclusion
Understanding Ethereum's Merkle Trees and Patricia Trees unravels the complexity behind the blockchain's efficient operation. As we continue to explore and develop blockchain technologies, these innovative data structures will undoubtedly play a crucial role in shaping the future.
DISCLAIMER: Branded Voices features paid content from our marketing partners. Articles are not created by Native News Online staff. The views and opinions expressed in the Branded Voices are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of Native News Online or its ownership. Any content provided by our bloggers or authors are of their opinion and are not intended to malign any religion, ethnic group, club, organization, company, individual or anyone or anything.
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Untangling Ethereum's Merkle and Patricia Trees | Branded Voices ... - Native News Online
Optimism price emerges as the quickest Ethereum L2 to recover as demand rises by 150% – FXStreet
Optimism price made its way back up rather quickly; however, it still has a long way to go before it can completely recover all its losses. Interestingly, the altcoin is finding support from its investors at a time when most of the other altcoins are losing the same.
Optimism price could be seen trading at $1.52 at the time of writing, attempting to breach the 50- and 100-day Exponential Moving Average (EMA). In the last three days, the layer-2 blockchains native token has managed to rise by close to 12% after bouncing off the support line at $1.37.
OP/USD 1-day chart
This resulted in OP becoming the best-performing L2 token, which consequently led to a spike in the tokens demand. The adoption rate noted a spike, shooting up from 18% to 45% in the span of a day and noting a 150% rise. The adoption rate is akin to network growth, with the exception of the latter measuring the formation of new addresses while the former measures their activity.
Optimism adoption rate
The percentage of new addresses making their first transaction provides insight into the new addresses sincerity, suggesting whether the investors are bullish or bearish in their sentiment. A high adoption rate is a good sign unless the activity corresponds with high selling, which would then act as a bearish signal for the altcoin.
However, in the case of Optimism, this is a bullish sign since it corresponds with the shift in the supply of OP tokens into the hands of long-term holders. These are investors that have been holding on to their supply for more than a year now.
A higher concentration of long-term holders suggests that investors are more likely to hold on to their assets through a bearish period, which would prevent sharp drawdowns and support quicker recovery. This is the case with Optimism price as well, with more than 82% of the supply sitting in the long-term holders wallets.
Optimism supply distribution
The Relative Strength Index (RSI) is close to flipping the neutral line at 50.0 into a support level, which would suggest that Optimism price is finding enough support to support further recovery.
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Optimism price emerges as the quickest Ethereum L2 to recover as demand rises by 150% - FXStreet
XRP Outperforms Shiba Inu, Ethereum and Cardano with 10% Price Spike – U.Today
Alex Dovbnya
Yet, XRP's recent achievements come against a backdrop of legal uncertainties and a turbulent month where it underperformed many of its peers
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XRP, the digital asset affiliated with Ripple, witnessed a significant uptick, surging nearly 10% earlier today. As of recent metrics, XRP has settled at a 4.5% gain, still significantly outshining its rivals, including Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Cardano.
Bitcoin, for instance, barely moved with a 0.2% increase, while Ethereum slightly ascended by 0.4%. In contrast, Cardano, a notable contender in the crypto market, saw its price dip by 0.4%.
However, when we zoom out to look at the seven-day performance, the narrative changes a bit. Over a week, XRP suffered a notable decline, shedding 14% of its value. In comparison, Ethereum's value decreased by 9.3% and BNB's by 9.9% over the week. Cardano's seven-day performance also indicated a drop but at a lesser rate of 7.5%.
As reported by U.Today, XRP recently lost roughly 40% in a single month, underperforming other top cryptocurrencies and erasing its gains that were added because of the favorable Ripple ruling.
Despite its impressive short-term performance, XRP remains clouded by uncertainties surrounding the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) appeal against Ripple.
The appeal, recently submitted by the SEC, challenges a July court order. This order had decided that Ripple's sales and offers of XRP on cryptocurrency trading platforms didn't lead investors to anticipate profits dependent on others' efforts.Furthermore, it had ruled that XRP distributions as payment for services don't constitute an "investment of money."
This appeal's central issues revolve around the classification of XRP's offers and sales. One court has already indicated a disagreement with the initial Ripple decision, but some prominent voices within the XRP community have downplayed the significance of such a move.
The court previously recognized that institutional sales fit the Howey criteria. However, distinctions have been drawn regarding the categorization of coins sold directly to institutional investors compared to retail investors in secondary markets.
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XRP Outperforms Shiba Inu, Ethereum and Cardano with 10% Price Spike - U.Today
Ethereum’s Zero-to-One: A moment of phone-run nodes explanation – CryptoNewsZ
An important step towards increasing Ethereums decentralization is coming soon. This new update could potentially lead to a big decrease in the amount of data needed for running infrastructure on the well-known smart contract network. Right now, Ethereums validator nodes software components that process and verify transactions need large local storage space to check prior transactions, which creates a chain in blockchain structure.
However, the incorporation of Verkle trees, a cryptographic technology embraced by developers, is coming soon. This will introduce stateless nodes an innovative type of structure that wont need to keep track of the blockchains status, substantially decreasing its data requirements.
Preston Van Loon, an Ethereum core developer, explained that this evolution would reduce the current minimum of 500 to 800 gigabytes required to run nodes to just one gigabyte. Van Loon emphasized that Verkle trees are designed to allow nodes to function without keeping any state records, ensuring that users only keep track of the most recent unconfirmed network blocks in their records. These trees eliminate the need for additional state data by incorporating a state witness element that confirms the validity of transactions.
Stateless nodes have enormous significance for Ethereum, as highlighted by fellow core developer Marius van der Wijden, who called it the biggest zero-to-one moment for Ethereum. By enabling individual users to independently confirm the networks state, stateless nodes would do away with the need for outside information sources.
Currently, people who lack the resources or knowledge to run their own nodes must trust wallet providers such as MetaMask to verify Ethereums state. This is a single point of failure because users have to rely on MetaMask being accurate in its reporting. If stateless nodes become widely adopted, wallets will be able to integrate them locally, which would give individuals the power to personally verify Ethereums condition without needing any external source.
Beyond user verification, the advantages might help with Ethereums current centralization problems. Although the network is protected from hostile takeover attempts by about 10,000 validator nodes, vulnerabilities still exist. For instance, about 35% of the Ethereum validator nodes use Amazon Web Services and are housed in the same Virginia data center. An incident affecting this center could jeopardize the security of the network.
According to Van der Wijden, the number of nodes in Ethereum could increase from 10,000 to possibly millions as a result of the switch to Verkle trees and the incorporation of stateless nodes into wallets. Anyone could run nodes with low storage and bandwidth requirements thanks to this democratization, possibly even on mobile devices.
Merkle trees, a cryptographic method of hashing together data chunks, are currently used by Ethereum. However, Verkle trees only call for the retention of parent-child data, leaving out the requirement for sister data chunks. As a result, data can be verified without requiring access to the entire blockchain of Ethereum.
Although the complicated cryptography of Verkle trees has been theoretically demonstrated, it is still difficult to convert Ethereums current Merkle tree structure to a Verkle tree. The changeover could be challenging and time-consuming, similar to last years challenging Proof-of-Work to Proof-of-Stake switchover.
The Cancun-Deneb update, home to the long-awaited Proto-Danksharding (EIP-4844), must be finished by Ethereum developers for Verkle trees to become viable. This EIP should reduce transaction costs on second-layer networks connected with Ethereum.
While the adoption of Verkle trees is poised to be a priority post the Cancun-Deneb update, the Ethereum community eagerly anticipates the enhancement of decentralization and security that this innovation promises.
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Ethereum's Zero-to-One: A moment of phone-run nodes explanation - CryptoNewsZ