Category Archives: Quantum Computing
QuantWare will build you a custom 25-qubit quantum processor in 30 days – TechCrunch
Its still very early days for quantum computing, but even so, were already seeing early signs of hardware and an ecosystem thats starting to resemble the classical computing space, with different startups specializing in the different components that make up a quantum computer. Delft, Netherlands-based QuantWare basically wants to become the chip manufacturer for this ecosystem and today, the company announced that it can now offer researchers and other startups in the space a customer 25-qubit quantum processing unit (QPU). And in an industry with long lead times, QuantWare says it can deliver this new QPU, dubbed the Contralto, in 30 days.
The company launched its first processor last year. That was a five-qubit affair, with each qubit reaching 99.9% fidelity. That made for a nice proof of concept, and QuantWare co-founder and managing director Matthijs Rijlaarsdam noted that it has already been used to build full-stack quantum computers. The five-qubit QPU allows people who are not able to make qubits to for the first time build a quantum computer because they can now get qubits. The 25-qubit QPU allows anyone in the field to get to the state of the art of the best laboratories in the world, he explained and added that there are actually very few laboratories that are currently able to build a similar QPU (think ETH and Lincoln Labs).
Image Credits: QuantWare
The Netherlands is investing heavily in quantum startups and QuantWare, with its heritage as a spin-off of Delft University, has been able to attract a group of highly qualified researchers and engineers. Alessandro Bruno, another co-founder and the companys director of Engineering, previously spent more than 10 years working on different aspects of quantum computing, including at the DICarlo lab at Delft Universitys QuTech.
While Delft may not be the first place you think about when you think about quantum computing, its worth noting that it has become a hotbed for quantum innovation. In addition to a wide variety of startups that are, like QuantWare, often associated with the school, Microsoft set up a lab at the university in 2019, too, though we havent heard all that much about the companys own efforts to build qubits lately. Maybe its no surprise that QuantWare has also hired engineers away from Microsoft.
Because of this existing tech ecosystem, QuantWare can get access to state-of-the-art cleanroom facilities to produce its superconducting QPUs. But even more importantly, the company has been able to collaborate with a lot of other quantum startups, too. What also helps is this ecosystem of partners that we find ourselves in, Rijlaarsdam said. We are able to collaborate, for instance, with a control hardware maker that needs to test their control hardware. We can provide them with the chip that we need measured anyway.
For the new QPU, potential buyers can choose from a library of components and buyers can choose how the qubits are wired together based on their specific needs. Because every qubit features multiple lines to control and read their state, its this hardware control system that also limits the size of the chip. We chose to go with this particular layout because it shows what is basically the maximum you can do at this size, he said. Beyond this, those lines will become an issue. Youll run out of space at the edges. The team expects to shift to a different technology for its next-generation chip, though Rijlaarsdam wasnt quite ready to provide any details about that yet.
A quantum computer with a 25-qubit QPU cant quite keep up with what IBM, IonQ, Rigetti and others can currently offer, but it is also QuantWares first play at selling its unit to the systems integrator market and especially new players in this market. Rijlaarsdam told me that the company is already talking to a few companies that plan to build full-stack quantum systems based on its design. Were trying to enable people to become Dell the Dell of quantum, he said.
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QuantWare will build you a custom 25-qubit quantum processor in 30 days - TechCrunch
Black Holes are Proof for Holographic Universe Revealed by Quantum – Analytics Insight
Researchers use quantum computing to find whats in black holes for a holographic universe.
The holographic universe is a scientific concept discovered by Einstein. Its based on string theories that are related to concepts of quantum gravity. The holographic universe says that the mind and five senses project physical reality holographically. A black hole is a place in space where gravity pulls so much that even light cannot get out. The gravity is so strong because matter has been squeezed into a tiny space. This can happen when a star is dying.
Holographic duality is a mathematical conjecture that connects theories of particles and their interactions with the theory of gravity. Black holes warp space-time because of their immense mass. The gravity of the black hole exists in 3D but we see it as projected through particles. Researchers are attempting to use quantum computing, artificial intelligence, and machine learning to gain a better understanding of holographic duality. Its the first systematic survey for quantum computing to matrix quantum mechanics and addressing future problems also.
The holographic duality theory could hold the secret link between particle physics the study of tiny particles that make up all matter. Enrico Rinaldi said connecting the two different theories is a longstanding issue in physics, something people have been trying to do since the last century, and Einsteins theory of general relativity, which states that gravity arises from the curvature of space and time.
According to the journal PRX Quantum, published by the University of Michigan, scientists looking for support for this holographic duality suggests that what happens mathematically in a system that represents particle theory will have a similar effect on a system that represents gravity and solving such a quantum matrix model could unveil information about gravity itself.
Rinaldi suggests that by understanding the properties of this particle theory through numerical experiments, we understand something about gravity. Unfortunately, its still not easy to solve the particle theories. And thats where the computers can help.
This might connect the two theories in the idea that the motions of particles in a two-dimensional plane above the black hole reflect the 3D motions of the black hole, almost like a holographic projection. Its a concept called holographic duality.
Thats the concept researchers are hoping to test. First, use quantum computing to simulate particles that represent a projection of a black hole, then use machine learning to analyze how the particles interact with each other. The researchers hope the process will offer them insight into how both the particles and the black hole work.
While the thought of holographic duality and matrix models may bring to mind movies such as Interstellar and the Matrix. holographic duality could go beyond 3D. Some scientists even suggest that the universe could be a projection of something with even more dimensions. Researchers believe that the results of their study show an important benchmark for future work on quantum and machine learning algorithms that can be used to study quantum gravity through the idea of holographic duality. This method could show a new path towards revealing more.
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Black Holes are Proof for Holographic Universe Revealed by Quantum - Analytics Insight
NATO and White House recognize post-quantum threats and prepare for Y2Q – VentureBeat
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Over the past decade, encryption has emerged as one of the key solutions that organizations use to secure enterprise communications, services and applications. However, the development of quantum computing is putting these defenses at risk, with the next generation of computers having the capability to decrypt these PKC algorithms.
While quantum computing technology is still in its infancy, the potential threat of PKC decryption remains. Yesterday, the NATO Cyber Security Center (NCSC) announced that it had tested a post-quantum VPN provider by U.K.-based quantum computing provider Post-Quantum, to secure its communication flows.
Post-Quantums VPN uses quantum cryptography that it claims is complex enough to prevent a malicious quantum computer from decrypting transmissions.
The development of these post-quantum cryptographic solutions offers a solution that enterprises and technical decision makers can use to protect their encrypted data from quantum computers.
NATO isnt alone in taking post-quantum cyber attacks seriously. The U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) recently announced that it was developing a standard to migrate to post-quantum cryptography to begin replacing hardware, software, and services that rely on public-key algorithms.
At the same time, the White House is also concerned over the threat raised by post-quantum computing, recently releasing a National Security Memorandum which gave the National Security Agency (NSA) 30 days to update the Commercial National Security Algorithm Suite (CNSA Suite) and to add quantum-resistant cryptography.
The memorandum also noted that within 180 days, agencies that handle national security systems must identify all instances of encryption not in compliance with NSA-approved Quantum Resistant Algorithms and chart a timeline to transition these systems to use compliant encryption, to include quantum resistant encryption.
While quantum computers arent capable of decrypting modern public key algorithms like RSA, Post-Quantums CEO Andersen Cheng believes that as quantum technology develops we will reach a Y2Q scenario, where all these security measures are obsolete in the face of the computational power of weaponized quantum computers.
People frequently talk about commercial quantum computers when referencing this Y2Q moment, and thats a long way off potentially 10-15 years away. But from a cybersecurity perspective, were not talking about slick commercial machines; a huge, poorly functioning prototype in the basement is all thats needed to break todays encryption, Cheng said.
It does not need to go through any benchmark review or certification, and this prospect is much closer and it could happen within the next three to five years, Cheng said.
If Cheng is correct that non-commercial quantum computing solutions could be developed to weaponize quantum computing in just a few years, then organizations have a fine timeline to enhance their encryption protections, or they risk handing malicious entities and nation-states a skeleton key to their private data.
However, its not just data that exposed post-Y2Q thats at risk; potentially any data encrypted data thats been harvested in the past could then be unencrypted as part of a retrospective attack.
Quantum decryption can be applied retrospectively, in that the groundwork for a harvest now, decrypt later attack could be laid today. This means that, if a rogue nation-state or bad actor intercepted data today, they could decrypt this harvested data once quantum computers capabilities exceed those of classical computers, he said.
As more enterprises recognize the need for quantum cryptography in a post-quantum world, the post-quantum cryptography market is anticipated to reach $9.5 billion by 2029, with more than 80% of revenues from the market coming from web browsers, the IoT, machine tools, and the cybersecurity industry.
While quantum computing could pose a substantial threat to enterprises down the line, there are a wide range of solution providers emerging who are developing state-of-the-art post-quantum cryptographic solutions to mitigate this.
One such provider is UK-based post-quantum provider PQShield, which offers a range of quantum-secure solutions from IoT firm to PKI mobile and server technologies, as well as end-user applications.
Some of PQShields most recently developments include researchers and engineers contributing to the NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography Standardization Process, and the company recently raising $20 million as part of a Series A funding round.
Another promising provider is Crypta Labs, which raised 5.5 million ($7.4 million USD) in seed funding in 2020, and recently developed the worlds first space compliant Quantum Random Number Generator, which will be used to securely encrypt satellite data.
Post-Quantum itself is also in a strong position, with its encryption algorithm NTS-KEM becoming the only code-based finalist in the NIST process to identify a cryptographic standard to replace RSA and Elliptic Curve for PKC in the post-quantum world.
In any case, the wave of providers developing state of the art cryptographic algorithms means there are plenty of solutions for enterprises to deploy to mitigate the risk of quantum computing, now and in the future, to ensure that their private data stays protected.
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NATO and White House recognize post-quantum threats and prepare for Y2Q - VentureBeat
Case Eagle (QuTech): One of the Wright brothers in quantum technology – News – Aviationanalysis.net
Case Eagle, Director of Business Development at The QuTech Institute, will deliver a welcome speech at the RF Technology Event (March 29), along with Jesse Robbers of Quantum Delta NL. Although the event highlights the broad spectrum of radio frequencies, quantum computing is a common thread through the program. And thats not surprising because quantum computing is hot, says Eagle
Sometimes I compare the stage we are in now with quantum computing to the stage in which the Wright brothers, inventors of the airplane, were in 1900. In October of that year, they first flew a rickety self-propelled glider over the shore. They did not reach more than 150 metres. They did not The design was good enough for long trips and still needed years of repair. But Messrs. Wright had a mission. They knew they were about to do something big. That would change the world forever.
The same is true of quantum computing. At QuTech, we are also focused on a mission: the future of information technology. Quantum computers have the tremendous power of exponential computing that will forever change the computing landscape and our society. We are building a nonviable quantum internet based on quantum technology. The laws of nature. It rules out communication interception. Prototypes for quantum computers, the so-called proof-of-concept (POC), are ready and in use. But we are far from achieving that yet.
These POCs that Eijkel is talking about are huge, complex devices that only the professionals can keep up with QuTech. It will take at least another ten to fifteen years before we have a fully functional quantum computer, Eggkel continues. To stick to the Wright brothers metaphor, we can now take a 150-meter flight, but were not ready to fly over the Atlantic.
Eijkel is proud that the Netherlands is an international leader in the development of a potential successor to supercomputers. We show that its possible and that its not just a scientific theory. Were past the thinking stage, but we still have a lot of tough system issues to solve to get a usable computer.
Three QuTech engineers working on the POC (Photo: TU Delft)
To achieve this goal, QuTech works with scientists and industrial partners internationally. Quantum technology also has a geopolitical aspect, explains Eggel. The European Union, the United States and China are all working on their own environmental protection points. Technology is increasingly of strategic importance. We are building technology together. We cannot do it alone. Together you are progressing faster, but we take into account the geopolitical reality.
QuTechs collaboration partners are diverse. Our contacts range from universities, RTOs and multinational companies like Microsoft, Intel or Fujitsu to small innovative startups. The latter group is particularly fond of Eijkel. I have always worked at the interface between science and entrepreneurship. I feel motivated to create an environment in which companies are born. I also see a lot of (young) talent and enthusiasm within QuTech. A number of colleagues from QuTech itself have initiated the successful results that you will also experience at the RF technology event.
The most important message Eijkel wants to give visitors to RF Technology is: Join us! Make sure you dont miss the boat. Quantum technology is developing at lightning speed. Dont think: It will take some time because then it will be too late.
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Case Eagle (QuTech): One of the Wright brothers in quantum technology - News - Aviationanalysis.net
IonQ claims achievement in quantum computing utility benchmark – FierceElectronics
- IonQ claims achievement in quantum computing utility benchmark FierceElectronics
- Super.tech Secures $1.65M Grant and Launches New Benchmarking Suite for Quantum Computers - Polsky Center for Entrepreneurship and Innovation Polsky Center for Entrepreneurship and Innovation
- IonQ Aria Furthers Lead As World's Most Powerful Quantum Computer Business Wire
- Chicago quantum startup Super.tech lands $1.7M from the Department of Energy Chicago Business Journal
- Two New Quantum Benchmarking Suites Announced by IonQ and Super.Tech Quantum Computing Report
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IonQ claims achievement in quantum computing utility benchmark - FierceElectronics
Is our universe a holographic projection? Scientists are using black holes and quantum computing to find out. – Space.com
What happens inside a black hole and how does whatever goes on inside relate to the universe outside it? It's a mystery that has evaded scientists for decades. It's also a mystery that could also redefine how we think about the nature of the universe.
In a paper published in the journal PRX Quantum on Feb. 10, physicists applied quantum computers and machine learning the computational technology that powers facial recognition software and natural language processing to test a possible connection.
Black holes play by Einstein's theory of general relativity, which governs the universe on large scales. Tiny particles outside of black holes play by the rules of the Standard Model of particle physics, which outlines the universe at the absolute tiniest scales.
Related: 8 ways we know that black holes really do exist
There's little overlap and a lot of disagreement between the two systems. "Connecting the two different theories is a longstanding issue in physics something people have been trying to do since the last century," Enrico Rinaldi, a physicist at the University of Michigan and RIKEN in Japan, and first author of the paper, said in a statement.
One hypothesis that might connect the two theories is an idea that the motions of particles in a two-dimensional plane above the black hole reflect the three-dimensional motions of the black hole, almost like a holographic projection. It's a concept called holographic duality.
That's the concept researchers are hoping to test. First, use a quantum computer to simulate particles that represent a projection of a black hole, then use machine learning to analyze how the particles interact with each other. The researchers hope the process will offer them insight into how both the particles and the black hole work.
"We hope that by understanding the properties of this particle theory through the numerical experiments, we understand something about gravity," Rinaldi said in the statement.
That's important, because holographic duality could go beyond three dimensions. Some scientists even suggest that the universe could be a projection of something with even more dimensions.
That sounds difficult, but this method could be the path to learning more.
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Is our universe a holographic projection? Scientists are using black holes and quantum computing to find out. - Space.com
Are fault-tolerant quantum computers on the horizon? – Nanowerk
Feb 23, 2022(Nanowerk News) Its been hypothesized that quantum computing will one day revolutionize information processing across a range of military and civilian applications from artificial intelligence, to supply chain optimization, to pharmaceuticals discovery, to cryptography.Prevailing predictions are that it will be decades before fully fault-tolerant quantum computers capable of solving important problems are available. As various quantum computing research and development efforts advance globally, however, DARPA wants to rigorously assess any quantum research claims that a useful fault-tolerant quantum computer could be built much sooner.DARPA announced the Underexplored Systems for Utility-Scale Quantum Computing (US2QC) program. US2QC aims to determine if an underexplored approach to quantum computing is capable of achieving utility-scale operation much faster than conventional predictions.DARPAs mission is to create and prevent strategic surprise, said Joe Altepeter, US2QC program manager in DARPAs Defense Sciences Office. If theres an underexplored area of quantum computing showing promise for a faster breakthrough than we previously expected, we want to explore it immediately and thoroughly verify and validate the approachs viability.An existing DARPA program, Quantum Benchmarking, is developing quantitative benchmarks on the software side to thoroughly assess potential applications where quantum computers could provide a meaningful improvement over classical computers for important problems. US2QC is a complementary hardware effort focused on verifying and validating system, component, and sub-system designs for a proposed fault-tolerant quantum computer.If a company or an organization thinks they can make a truly useful, really big, fault-tolerant quantum computer, we want to have a conversation with them, Altepeter said. We would like them to show us exactly why theyre convinced their machine is going to be revolutionary in the near future, and we want to work collaboratively with them, pay for additional experts to embed with their team, and help advance bold concepts that withstand rigorous testing.Because innovative approaches to building a quantum computer are extremely varied, US2QC is structured for maximum flexibility and will exclusively use tailorable Other Transaction agreements to fund proposals. The only common foundation for all proposals is Phase 0, in which proposers will quantitatively describe a complete utility-scale concept, including all components and sub-systems, projected performance capabilities against a variety of metrics, and anticipated technical risks and mitigation strategies.Theres no one verification and validation program that fits all the different quantum computing approaches out there, Altepeter said. That means we dont know what follow-on phases will look like or how long theyll be. Identifying key milestones will be unique for each project depending on how the Phase 0 validation and verification goes. If the proposed concept proves to be sound, Phase 0 could be very short. As teams meet follow-on phase milestones unique to their approach, well keep scaling the effort up.A program solicitation with all details for proposing to US2QC is available here.
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Are fault-tolerant quantum computers on the horizon? - Nanowerk
Quantum circuits automation gains attention and funding – VentureBeat
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Twenty years ago, quantum computing was predicted to be the next big thing in IT. Although its not as widespread yet as was predicted, billions of dollars are invested in quantum computings potential each year.
Quantum computingapplies the principles of quantum mechanics to perform calculations. It uses subatomic quantum bits called qubits that can have both of the digital 1 and 0 values at the same time. The use of these particles that can exist in multiple states allows for computing to be done much faster, using far less energy than conventional computers.
For example, NASA scientists and Google created a quantum computer in 2016 that was a shocking 100 million times faster than a conventional computer.
While the hardware development for building the ultra-fast quantum computers is led by the traditional technology giants (IBM, Quantum Computing, Google, Xanadu, Microsoft, D-Wave Systems), other companies are focused on developing the software to run on them. Customers at this time for this type of extreme computing power are mainly governments and research centers, but many in the industry are banking that the genre will ultimately find a comfortable place among mainstream users in the future.
One of those startups already attracting attention is Classiq, provider of a platform for quantum algorithm design that automates the creation of quantum circuits. The company last week announced that it raised $33 million in a series B round, bringing the companys total funding to $48 million. The company reports that the funding will be put toward further development of its algorithm design platform, which may be the closest thing yet to no/low-code development for quantum computing if such a thing were possible.
In November, Classiq released new capabilities for its circuit-design product. These new capabilities enable users to extend platform capabilities with unique intellectual property and custom functional templates, and integrate those with a set of other ready-to-use functionalities. The company claims that users of this platform and its latest features can complete quantum computing projects more quickly and develop and package unique quantum IP for future use.
Cofounder and head of algorithms at Classiq, Amir Naveh, demonstrated in a YouTube video why its difficult to build quantum circuits with current tools and also how quantum application development can help solve real-world problems. Some quantum applications expected to be coming online in the future include new drug discovery, advanced genomics, problem-solving in the financial world, and environmental research projects.
Writing quantum software is hard, but weve made it far easier to design, debug and maintain sophisticated circuits, Classiq cofounder and CEO Nir Minerbi said in a media advisory. We are proud to showcase the results of our teams years of work that led to this breakthrough, allowing companies to design circuits that were previously impossible to create.
Rather than expressing quantum circuits using a series of gate-level or building-block connections, algorithm designers skip that whole step and use the Classiq platform to write functional models, similar to the successful approach used today in designing sophisticated computer chips. The Classiq Quantum Algorithm Design platform then examines the enormous implementation space to find an outcome that fits resource considerations, designer-supplied constraints, and the target hardware platform, Minerbi said.
The new software release makes it easy for users to add their own enterprise functionality on top of Classiqs extensive set of existing functional models, while simultaneously using the circuit synthesis and optimization capabilities of the Classiq platform. So,instead of writing programs from scratch, Classiq users can now use functional models and knowledge bases created by internal domain experts, external providers, or Classiq itself, Minerbi said.
Unheard of in quantum circles until late, third-parties can create add-on packages for the Classiq platform and use them to market their own quantum expertise. This functionality could also give rise to a public repository to enable functional model sharing, the company said.
Classiq is positioned to deliver these capabilities due to its growing patent portfolio and the quantum know-how of the Classiq team, bringing together world-renowned experts in quantum information science, computer-aided design, and software engineering.
New investors in the company include, the Hewlett Packard Pathfinder, the venture capital program of Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HPE), Phoenix Spike Ventures, and Samsung NEXT.
We were impressed by Classiqs novel synthesis engine that automates the creation of quantum circuits and leads to significantly lower barriers of entry for quantum computing, said Paul Glaser, corporate vice president atHPE and global head of Pathfinder.This funding round also included personal investments from Lip-Bu Tan and Harvey Jones, joining other existing investment firms Wing VC, Team8, Entre Capital, Sumitomo Corp. (through IN Venture), and OurCrowd.
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Quantum circuits automation gains attention and funding - VentureBeat
Learn quantum computing: a field guide – IBM Quantum
Quantum theory is a revolutionary advancement in physics and chemistrythat emerged in the early twentieth century. It is an elegantmathematical theory able to explain the counterintuitive behavior ofsubatomic particles, most notably the phenomenon of entanglement. Inthe late twentieth century it was discovered that quantum theory appliesnot only to atoms and molecules, but to bits and logic operations in acomputer. This realization has brought about a revolution in thescience and technology of information processing, making possible kindsof computing and communication hitherto unknown in the Information Age.
Our everyday computers perform calculations and process information using thestandard (or classical) model ofcomputation, which dates back toTuring and vonNeumann. In thismodel, all information is reducible to bits, which can take the valuesof either 0 or 1. Additionally, all processing can be performed via simple logicgates (AND, OR, NOT, XOR, XNOR)acting on one or two bits at a time, or be entirely described by NAND (or NOR).At any point in its computation, aclassical computers state is entirely determined by the states of allits bits, so that a computer with n bits can exist in one of2^n possible states, ranging from 00...0 to11...1 .
The power of the quantum computer, meanwhile, lies in its much richerrepertoire of states. A quantum computer also has bits but instead of0 and 1, its quantum bits, or qubits, can represent a 0, 1, or linearcombination of both, which is a property known as superposition.This on its own is no special thing, since a computer whose bits can beintermediate between 0 and 1 is just an analog computer, scarcely morepowerful than an ordinary digital computer. However, a quantum computertakes advantage of a special kind of superposition that allows forexponentially many logical states at once, all the states from|00...0rangle to |11...1rangle . This is a powerfulfeat, and no classical computer can achieve it.
The vast majority of quantum superpositions, and the ones most useful for quantumcomputation, are entangled. Entangled states are states of the whole computerthat do not correspond to any assignment of digital or analog states ofthe individual qubits. A quantum computer is therefore significantly more powerfulthan any one classical computer whether it be deterministic,probabilistic, or analog.
While todays quantum processors are modest in size, their complexity growscontinuously. We believe this is the right time to build and engage a communityof new quantum learners, spark further interest in those who are curious,and foster a quantum intuition in the greater community.By making quantum concepts more widely understood even on a generallevel we can more deeply explore all the possibilities quantumcomputing offers, and more rapidly bring its exciting power to a worldwhose perspective is limited by classical physics.
With this in mind, we created the IBM Quantum Composer to provide the hands-onopportunity to experiment with operations on a real quantum computingprocessor. This field guide contains a series of topicsto accompany your journey as you create your own experiments, run them insimulation, and execute them on real quantum processorsavailable via IBM Cloud.
If quantum physics sounds challenging to you, you are not alone. But ifyou think the difficulty lies in hard math, think again. Quantum conceptscan, for the most part, be described by undergraduate-level linear algebra,so if you have ever taken a linear algebra course, the math will seem familiar.
The true challenge of quantum physics is internalizing ideas that arecounterintuitive to our day-to-day experiences in the physical world,which of course are constrained by classical physics. To comprehendthe quantum world, you must build a new intuition for a set of simple butvery different (and often surprising) laws.
The counterintuitive principles of quantum physics are:
1.A physical system in a definite state can still behaverandomly.
2.Two systems that are too far apart to influence each other cannevertheless behave in ways that, though individually random,are somehow strongly correlated.
Unfortunately, there is no single simple physicalprinciple from which these conclusions follow and we must guard againstattempting to describe quantum concepts in classical terms!The best we can do is to distill quantum mechanics down to a fewabstract-sounding mathematical laws, from which all the observed behaviorof quantum particles (and qubits in a quantum computer) can be deduced andpredicted.
Keep those two counterintuitive ideas in the back of your mind, let goof your beliefs about how the physical world works, and begin exploringthe quantum world!
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The Inside Of A Black Hole Deciphered With Quantum Computing – Optic Flux
A physicist at the University of Michigan is utilizing quantum computing plus machine learning to help comprehend the concept of holographic duality.
Holographic duality is a mathematical concept that links particle theories and interactions with gravity theory. This conjecture implies that the theories of gravity and particles are mathematically analogous: whatever happens in the theory of gravity also occurs in the theory of particles, as well as vice versa.
Both theories explain various dimensions, but they differ by one in the number of dimensions they describe. So, for instance, gravity manifests in three dimensions inside the geometry of a black hole, but particle physics lives in two dimensions on its surface, a flat disk.
Our entire universe, according to some scientists, is indeed a holographic projection of particles, which might lead to a consistent quantum explanation of gravity.
Rinaldi and his co-authors look at ways to study holographic duality utilizing quantum computing & deep learning to determine the lowest energy state of mathematical equations termed quantum matrix models in a paper published in the journal PRX Quantum.
Researchers are aiming to determine the precise arrangement of particles in the system that represents the systems lowest energy state, termed the ground state, when they solve matrix models like these. Nothing changes inthe system in its natural condition unless you add anything to it that causes it to be perturbed.
The researchers in Rinaldis work define the quantum wave function, which is a mathematical representation of the quantum state of their matrix model. Then they utilize a unique neural network to determine the matrixs wave function with the least amount of energy, its ground state. The ground state from both matrix models studied by the researchers was discovered, although quantum circuits are constrained by a limited number of qubits.
The findings, according to Rinaldi, set a high bar for future research on quantum and machine learning algorithms that could be used to examine quantum gravity using the concept of holographic duality.
The research was published in the journal PRX Quantum.
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The Inside Of A Black Hole Deciphered With Quantum Computing - Optic Flux