Category Archives: Quantum Computing
The Computational Limits of Deep Learning Are Closer Than You Think – Discover Magazine
Deep in the bowels of the Smithsonian National Museum of American History in Washington DC sits a large metal cabinet the size of a walk-in wardrobe. The cabinet houses a remarkable computer the front is covered in dials, switches and gauges and inside it is filled with potentiometers controlled by small electric motors. Behind one of the cabinet doors is a 20 x 20 array of light sensitive cells, a kind of artificial eye.
This is the Perceptron Mark I, a simplified electronic version of a biological neuron. It was designed by the American psychologist Frank Rosenblatt at Cornell University in the late 1950s who taught it to recognize simple shapes such as triangles.
Rosenblatts work is now widely recognized as the foundation of modern artificial intelligence but at the time it was controversial. Despite the original success, researchers were unable to build on this, not least because more complex pattern recognition required vastly more computational power than was available at the time. This insatiable appetite prevented further study of artificial neurons and the networks they create.
Todays deep learning machines also eat power, lots of it. And that raises an interesting question about how much they will need in future. Is this appetite sustainable as the goals of AI become more ambitious?
Today we get an answer thanks to the work of Neil Thompson at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge and several colleagues. This team has measured the improved performance of deep learning systems in recent years and show that how it depends on increases in computing power.
By extrapolating this trend, they say that future advances will soon become unfeasible. Progress along current lines is rapidly becoming economically, technically, and environmentally unsustainable, say Thompson and colleagues, echoing the problems that emerged for Rosenblatt in the 1960s.
The teams approach is relatively straightforward. They analyzed over 1000 papers on deep learning to understand how learning performance scales with computational power. The answer is that the correlation is clear and dramatic.
In 2009, for example, deep learning was too demanding for the computer processors of the time. The turning point seems to have been when deep learning was ported to GPUs, initially yielding a 5 15 speed-up, they say.
This provided the horsepower for a neural network called AlexNet, which famously triumphed in a 2012 image recognition challenge where it wiped out the opposition. The victory created huge and sustained interest in deep neural networks that continues to this day.
But while deep learning performance increased by 35x between 2012 and 2019, the computational power behind it increased by an order of magnitude each year. Indeed, Thompson and co say this and other evidence suggests the computational power for deep learning has increased 9 orders of magnitude faster than the performance.
So how much computational power will be required in future? Thompson and co say that error rate for image recognition is currently 11.5 percent using 10^14 gigaflops of computational power at a cost of millions of dollars (ie 10^6 dollars).
They say achieving an error rate of just 1 per cent will require 10^28 gigaflops. And extrapolating at the current rate, this will cost 10^20 dollars. By comparison, the total amount of money in the world right now is measured in trillions ie 10^12 dollars.
Whats more, the environmental cost of such a calculation will be enormous, an increase in the amount of carbon produced of 14 orders of magnitude. Progress along current lines is rapidly becoming economically, technically, and environmentally unsustainable, conclude Thompson and colleagues.
The future isnt entirely bleak, however. Thompson and cos extrapolations assume that future deep learning systems will use the same kinds of computers that are available today.
But various new approaches offer much more efficient computation. For example, in some tasks the human brain can outperform the best supercomputers while running on little more than a bowl of porridge. Neuromorphic computing attempts to copy this. And quantum computing promises orders of magnitude more computing power with relatively little increase in power consumption.
Another option is to abandon deep learning entirely and concentrate on other forms of machine learning that are less power hungry.
Of course, there is no guarantee that these new techniques and technologies will work. But if they dont, its hard to see how artificial intelligence will get much better than it is now.
Curiously, something like this happened after the Perceptron Mark I first appeared, a period that lasted for decades and is now known as the AI winter. The Smithsonian doesnt currently have it on display, but it is surely marks a lesson worth remembering.
Ref: arxiv.org/abs/2007.05558 : The Computational Limits of Deep Learning
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The Computational Limits of Deep Learning Are Closer Than You Think - Discover Magazine
China’s newest technology stock exchange is thriving despite the pandemic – The Economist
But the countrys answer to Americas Nasdaq is not for the faint of heart
Jul 22nd 2020
SHANGHAIS STAR market, a stock exchange for Chinas home-grown technology firms, celebrates its first birthday today. It has much to cheer about. Launched with an ambition to rival Nasdaq, a venue in New York where many American tech giants are listed, the toddler has surpassed the older ChiNext exchange in Shenzhen and already ranks second globally by capital raised in IPOs so far this year. And it just received a lovely present. On July 20th Ant Group, the financial-services arm of Alibaba, an e-commerce giant, said it had chosen STAR as one of two exchanges on which it is planning its long-awaited listing (the other winner is Hong Kong, which has also grown popular among fast-growing Chinese companies). Though the exact size and timing of the offering are still unknown, it could well turn out to be the largest IPO ever. Ant was last valued at $150bn in 2018; listing even a small portion of its shares could place it above Saudi Aramcos IPO last year, the largest yet at $26bn.
Two factors explain STARs appeal to issuers. First, it enjoys rock-solid political backing. Chinas government sees it as a way to channel capital towards young technologies it wants to nurture, from high-tech sensors to quantum computing. To help money flow, it has loosened restrictions that apply to stock offerings elsewhere (eg, on other Chinese exchanges, an informal price cap of 23 times earnings and a 44% ceiling on first-day gains). It has also fast-tracked IPO approvals, which can take years on other exchanges. Second, the mood has soured against Chinese companies in America, where many promising companies from the mainland would have traditionally considered listing. America has threatened to impose sanctions on Chinese officials. Earlier this year, the Senate also passed legislation that could force American-listed Chinese firms to delist if they fail to show their audit work papers to American regulators for three consecutive years. That makes Asian alternatives more palatable.
It helps that investors like STAR too. Some offerings have attracted orders amounting to thousands of times the quantum of shares up for sale; some stocks have rocketed tenfold within hours of listing. But STAR is not for the faint-hearted. The prices of shares listed there are sometimes way off those of similar securities listed on more mature markets, hinting that they may be divorced from company fundamentals. The Shanghai price of Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation, a chipmaker that raised 53.2bn yuan ($7.6bn) in early July through a dual IPO, is more than three times its Hong Kong price, for example. Such inconsistencies can exist on the way down, as well as on the way up. As investors sell older stocks to pile into the newest and flashiest offerings, prices can slide by double-digit percentages, suggesting the market may not have the liquidity yet to absorb large IPOs in quick succession.
This creates a conundrum for Chinas rulers. Investors positive reaction to STAR may prompt regulators to ease stockmarket rules on other mainland exchanges, leading to more efficient, liquid markets and allowing the government to funnel capital to strategic sectors. But untamed speculation by fickle punters makes bubbles more likely, and the political, PR and financial risks of market crashes rank among the things that keep Chinas masters awake at night. If it proves little else than a fashionable casino, STARs allure could dim fast.
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China's newest technology stock exchange is thriving despite the pandemic - The Economist
Almost One-Third of Life Science Companies Set to Begin Quantum Computing Evaluation This Year – Lab Manager Magazine
BOSTON, MA July 14, 2020 New survey results fromthe Pistoia Alliance, the Quantum Economic Development Consortium (QED-C) and QuPharm show almost one-third (31 percent) of life science organizations polled are set to begin quantum computing evaluation this year. A further 39 percent are planning to evaluate next year or have quantum computing on their radar, while 30 percent have no current plans to evaluate.
The three organizations have collaborated to establish a cross-industry Community of Interest (CoI) to explore the opportunities for quantum computing to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of biopharma R&D. The CoI aims to support companies that need help navigating the pathway to quantum computing and will facilitate collaboration between stakeholders, propose new ideas for quantum computing projects, and help interested parties define and articulate potential use cases.
The interest in quantum computing across many sectors is high, yet most biopharmaceutical companies are only just beginning the journey and exploring the potential for accelerating discovery, commented Emir Roach, one of the leaders of QuPharm. Quantum computing is a completely new paradigm of computing, and our mission is to accelerate its implementation in life sciences. We are looking forward to working with the Pistoia Alliance and QED-C to help educate the life science and health care industry on the benefits.
The survey showed that more than four out of five respondents (82 percent) believe quantum computing will impact the industry within the next decade. The same proportion of respondents believe discovery and development will be first to benefit from quantum computing deployments in the biopharmaceutical industry.
Quantum computing is likely to have a profound impact on precision medicine, enabling accelerated genomics and proteomics correlation, as well as the calculation of multiple probabilities and outcomes. It will also help organizations deliver new molecules and therapies to market faster by streamlining the discovery process and enabling quantum energy calculations for molecules, as predicted in the Pistoia Alliances 2030 vision report. In the future, such technology could help the industry more quickly and accurately model disease pathways caused by novel coronaviruses.
The CoI has come together to help organizations address the key issues that need to be solved if the extraordinary benefits of quantum computing are to be realized. Potential barriers identified in the survey include a shortage of skills and a lack of access to quantum computing infrastructure (both cited by 28 percent of respondents) and the need for clearly defined use cases (31 percent).
There are myriad opportunities for quantum computing in life sciences and health care, and through this community of interest the pharmaceutical and quantum computing sectors can work together to identify and communicate areas of early and high potential, commented Celia Merzbacher, deputy director at QED-C. While quantum computing is still emerging, now is the time to jointly define use cases and challenges in pharmaceutical discovery and development that quantum computing can address. Better understanding of the pharmaceutical bottlenecks can accelerate quantum computing hardware and software development for overcoming those.
Given the interest in quantum computing amongst our members, we wanted to create the community of interest to address their needs and questions. We are now looking for more companies to get involved and commit resources to help us explore use cases, commented John Wise, a member of the Pistoia Alliance Operations Team supporting the new quantum computing CoI. The shared-risk, shared-reward advantages of pre-competitive collaboration are an ideal way for companies to explore the opportunities and challenges of quantum computing. Those organisations that do not begin to evaluate quantum computing now are at risk of being left behind once its value is realized. Those that are equipped to adopt the technology when it matures will be significantly ahead.
The research survey was conducted at the Community of Interests inaugural webinar in June 2020. More than 240 attendees from life science and quantum computing organisations across the US and Europe participated. To find out more about the CoI and help to steer future projects on quantum computing, please contact John Wise at the Pistoia Alliance via john.wise@pistoiaalliance.org or Celia Merzbacher via celia.merzbacher@sri.com.
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Almost One-Third of Life Science Companies Set to Begin Quantum Computing Evaluation This Year - Lab Manager Magazine
Europe Quantum Computing Market 2020 | Scope of Current and Future Industry 2025 – Owned
Quantum Computing Market Research Report Cover Covid-19 Outbreak:
Brand Essence Market Research has developed a concise study on the Quantum Computing market to depict valuable insights related to significant market trends driving the industry. The report features analysis based on key opportunities and challenges confronted by market leaders while highlighting their competitive setting and corporate strategies for the estimated timeline.
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TheMajorPlayersCovered in this Report:Hewlett Packard, Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory, Booz Allen Hamilton Inc., QxBranch, SPARROW QUANTUM A/S, SeeQC Quantum Circuits, Inc., Anyon Systems Inc, Rigetti Computing, Toshiba Research Europe Ltd. Others & More.
By Vertical Aerospace & Defense BFSI Energy & Power Healthcare Information Technology & Telecommunication Transportation OthersBy Technology Superconducting loops technology Trapped ion technology Topological qubits technologyBy Offering Systems Consulting SolutionsBy Component Hardware Software ServicesBy Industry Defense Banking & Finance Energy & Power Chemicals Healthcare & PharmaceuticalsBy Application Optimization Machine Learning Simulation Others
Results of the recent scientific undertakings towards the development of new Quantum Computing products have been studied. Nevertheless, the factors affecting the leading industry players to adopt synthetic sourcing of the market products have also been studied in this statistical surveying report. The conclusions provided in this report are of great value for the leading industry players. Every organization partaking in the global production of the Quantum Computing market products have been mentioned in this report, in order to study the insights on cost-effective manufacturing methods, competitive landscape, and new avenues for applications.
Global Quantum ComputingMarket: Regional SegmentationFor further clarification, analysts have also segmented the market on the basis of geography. This type of segmentation allows the readers to understand the volatile political scenario in varying geographies and their impact on the global Quantum Computingmarket. On the basis of geography, the global market for Quantum Computinghas been segmented into:
North America(United States, Canada, and Mexico)Europe(Germany, France, UK, Russia, and Italy)Asia-Pacific(China, Japan, Korea, India, and Southeast Asia)South America(Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, etc.)Middle East and Africa(Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, Nigeria, and South Africa)
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Report Methodology:
The information enclosed in this report is based upon both primary and secondary research methodologies.
Primary research methodology includes the interaction with service providers, suppliers, and industry professionals. Secondary research methodology includes a meticulous search of pertinent publications like company annual reports, financial reports, and exclusive databases.
Table of Content:
Market Overview: The report begins with this section where product overview and highlights of product and application segments of the Global Quantum Computing Market are provided. Highlights of the segmentation study include price, revenue, sales, sales growth rate, and market share by product.
Competition by Company: Here, the competition in the Worldwide Global Quantum Computing Market is analyzed, By price, revenue, sales, and market share by company, market rate, competitive situations Landscape, and latest trends, merger, expansion, acquisition, and market shares of top companies.
Company Profiles and Sales Data: As the name suggests, this section gives the sales data of key players of the Global Quantum Computing Market as well as some useful information on their business. It talks about the gross margin, price, revenue, products, and their specifications, type, applications, competitors, manufacturing base, and the main business of key players operating in the Global Quantum Computing Market.
Market Status and Outlook by Region: In this section, the report discusses about gross margin, sales, revenue, production, market share, CAGR, and market size by region. Here, the Global Quantum Computing Market is deeply analyzed on the basis of regions and countries such as North America, Europe, China, India, Japan, and the MEA.
Application or End User: This section of the research study shows how different end-user/application segments contribute to the Global Quantum Computing Market.
Market Forecast: Here, the report offers a complete forecast of the Global Quantum Computing Market by product, application, and region. It also offers global sales and revenue forecast for all years of the forecast period.
Research Findings and Conclusion: This is one of the last sections of the report where the findings of the analysts and the conclusion of the research study are provided.
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Europe Quantum Computing Market 2020 | Scope of Current and Future Industry 2025 - Owned
Quantum Software Market 2020: Potential Growth, Challenges, and Know the Companies List Could Potentially Benefit or Loose out From the Impact of…
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Top Players Listed in the Quantum Software Market Report areOrigin Quantum Computing Technology, D Wave, IBM, Microsoft, Intel, Google, Ion.
Quantum Softwaremarket report provides a detailed analysis of global market size, regional and country-level market size, segmentation market growth, market share, competitive Landscape, sales analysis, the impact of domestic and global market players, value chain optimization, trade regulations, recent developments, opportunities analysis, strategic market growth analysis, product launches, area marketplace expanding, and technological innovations.
Market Segmentations: Global Quantum Software market competition by top manufacturers, with production, price, revenue (value) and market share for each manufacturer.
Based on type, report split into System Software, Application Softwa.
Based on the end users/applications, this report focuses on the status and outlook for major applications/end users, consumption (sales), market share and growth rate for each application, including Big Data Analysis, Biochemical Manufacturing, Machine Learni.
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The report introduces Quantum Software basic information including definition, classification, application, industry chain structure, industry overview, policy analysis, and news analysis. Insightful predictions for the Quantum Software Market for the coming few years have also been included in the report.
In the end, Quantum Softwarereport provides details of competitive developments such as expansions, agreements, new product launches, and acquisitions in the market for forecasting, regional demand, and supply factor, investment, market dynamics including technical scenario, consumer behavior, and end-use industry trends and dynamics, capacity, spending were taken into consideration.
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Quantum Software Market 2020: Potential Growth, Challenges, and Know the Companies List Could Potentially Benefit or Loose out From the Impact of...
Opinion |Dance of the synchronized quantum particles – Livemint
Three of our gang, you see, were women. On our second morning, all three found their periods had kicked in. They were so charmed and amused by this that they forgot any possible cramps or migraines. This was, they told us ignorant men, menstrual synchrony" the tendency for women who live together to begin menstruating on the same day every month. In 1971, a psychologist called Martha McClintock studied 180 women in a college dormitory. Menstrual synchrony, she concluded then, was real.
Now, this really didnt apply that weekend in NYC, because these ladies had only spent one day together. Besides, more recent research has questioned McClintocks findings. Even so, those long-ago NYC days came back to me after reading about some even more recent research, at IIT Kanpur. Not about menstruation, but about synchronization, and in the quantum world.
Whats synchronization? Imagine an individual a bird, a pendulum doing a particular motion over and over again. The bird is flapping its wings as it flies, the pendulum is swinging back and forth. Imagine several such individuals near each other, all doing the same motion several birds flying together in a flock, several pendulums swinging while hanging from a beam. When they start out, the birds are flapping to their own individual rhythms, the pendulums going in different directions. But then something beautiful happens: these individual motions synchronize. The birds flap in perfect coordination, so the flock moves as one marvellous whole. The pendulums swing in harmony.
In fact, synchronization was first observed in pendulums. In 1665, the great Dutch scientist Christiaan Huygens attached two pendulum clocks to a heavy beam. Soon after, the two pendulums were in lockstep.
Similarly, fireflies are known to break into spontaneous synchrony. When there are just one or a few, they light up at different timesa pleasant enough sight, but nothing to write home about. But there are spots in the coastal mangroves of Malaysia and Indonesia where whole hosts of the little insects congregate every evening and suddenly, synchrony happens. They switch on and off in perfect unison, putting on a light show like none youve seen.
There are, yes, other examples. At a concert, the audience will tend to applaud in sync. The reason we only ever see one side of the Moon is that the orbital and rotational periods of the Moon have, over time, synchronized with the rotation of our Earth. Your heart beats because the thousands of pacemaker" cells it contains pulse in synchrony. Some years ago, a bridge of a new and radical design was built over the Thames in London. When it was opened, people swarmed onto it on foot. It quickly started swaying disconcertingly from side to side enough, in turn, to force the pedestrians to walk in a certain awkward way just to keep their footing. On video, youll see hundreds of people on the bridge, all walking awkwardly but in step.
In his book Sync: The Emerging Science of Spontaneous Order, the mathematician Steven Strogatz writes: At the heart of the universe is a steady, insistent beat: the sound of cycles in sync. It pervades nature at every scale from the nucleus to the cosmos." He goes on to observe that this tendency for synchronization does not depend on intelligence, or life, or natural selection. It springs from the deepest source of all: the laws of physics". And thats where IIT Kanpur comes in.
In 2018, a team of Swiss researchers looked at the possibility of synchronization at the lower end of that scale that Strogatz mentions, or in some ways even off that end of the scale. Do the most elementary, fundamental particles known to physicists exhibit the same tendency to synchronize as somewhat larger objects such as starlings and pendulums and the moon? Were talking about electrons and neutrons, particles that occupy the so-called quantum" world. Can we get them to synchronize?
They concluded that the smallest quantum particles actually cannot be synchronized. These exhibit a spin"a form of angular momentum, in a sense the degree to which the particle is rotating of 1/2 (half). But there are ways in which such spin-half" particles can combine to form a spin-1" system, and the Swiss team predicted that these combinations are the smallest quantum systems that can be synchronized.
So, a physics research group at IIT Kanpur decided to test this prediction. These are guys, I should tell you, who are thoroughly accustomed to working with atoms: One day in 2016, their professor, Dr Saikat Ghosh, took me into their darkened lab and pointed to a small red glow visible in the middle of their apparatus. Thats a group of atoms," he said with a grin, and then tweaked some settings and the glow dropped out of sight. The point? They are able to manipulate atoms. On another visit, they underlined this particular skill by showing me their work with graphene, a sheet of carbon that is get this one atom thick.
So, after the Swiss prediction, Ghosh and his students took a million atoms of rubidiuma soft, silvery metal and cooled them nearly to whats known as absolute zero", or -273 Celsius. Could they get these atoms to show synchrony?
Lets be clear about what they were dealing with, though. The usual objects that synchronize pendulums, birds are called oscillators" because they are in some regular, rhythmic motion. Strictly, it is that motion of the oscillators that synchronizes. But were dealing here with objects we can see, which means the rules of classical" physics apply. Quantum objects like atoms behave differently. In fact, Ghosh told me that spin-1 atoms are not really oscillating in the same sense as pendulums and starlings in flight. Still, with that caveat in place, there are ways in which we can abstract their motion and treat them as oscillators.
In their experiment, the IIT team shot pulses of light at the group of rubidium atoms. Light is made up of photons, which are like minuscule bundles of energy. When they hit an atom, they flip" its spin. Embodied in that flip is the photons quantum information; in a real way, the photons are actually stored in these flipped atoms. This happens with such precision that you can later flip the atoms back and release the photons, thus retrieving" the stored light. In fact, with this storage and retrieval behaviour, the atoms are like memory cells, and this is part of the mechanism of quantum computing. (See my column from October 2018, Catch a quantum computer and pin it down).
But when the atoms are flipped and they store these photons, something else happens to them. When the light is retrieved, the IIT team found it displays interference fringes" a characteristic pattern of light and shadow (similar in concept to what causes stripes on tigers and zebras, or patterns in the sand on a beach). From this fringe pattern, the scientists can reconstruct the quantum state the atoms were inand voil, theres synchrony.
Did each individual atom synchronize to the light and since all one million atoms did so, is that how they are synchronized with each other as well? Thats to be tested still, but its a good way to think of what happened. Again, take fireflies. In one experiment, a single flashing LED bulb was placed in a forest. When the fireflies appeared, they quickly synchronized to the flashing bulb, and therefore to each other. As Dr Ghosh commented: two fireflies synchronizing is interesting, but an entire forest filled with fireflies lighting up in sync reveals new emergent patterns."
There are implications in all this for, among other things, quantum computing. The IIT teams paper remarks; [The] synchronization of spin-1 systems can provide insights in open quantum systems and find applications in synchronized quantum networks." (Observation of quantum phase synchronization in spin-1 atoms, by Arif Warsi Laskar, Pratik Adhikary, Suprodip Mondal, Parag Katiyar, Sai Vinjanampathy and Saikat Ghosh, published 3 June 2020).
There will be other applications too. But over 350 years after Christiaan Huygens stumbled on classical" synchronization, the IIT team has shown for the first time that this strangely satisfying behaviour happens in the quantum world too. No wonder their paper was chosen recently for special mention in the premier physics journal, Physical Review Letters.
A round of applause for the IIT folks, please. I know it will happen in synchrony.
Once a computer scientist, Dilip DSouza now lives in Mumbai and writes for his dinners. His Twitter handle is @DeathEndsFun
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Opinion |Dance of the synchronized quantum particles - Livemint
Quantum Computing Market Brief Analysis and Application, Growth by 2026 – 3rd Watch News
Quantum Computing Market (2018) Report Provides an in-depth summary of Quantum Computing Market Status as well as Product Specification, Technology Development, and Key Manufacturers. The Report Gives Detail Analysis on Market concern Like Quantum Computing Market share, CAGR Status, Market demand and up to date Market Trends with key Market segments.
The latest report about the Quantum Computing market provides a detailed evaluation of the business vertical in question, alongside a brief overview of the industry segments. An exceptionally workable estimation of the present industry scenario has been delivered in the study, and the Quantum Computing market size with regards to the revenue and volume have also been mentioned. In general, the research report is a compilation of key data with regards to the competitive landscape of this vertical and the multiple regions where the business has successfully established its position.
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Scope of The Quantum Computing Market Report:
This research report for Quantum Computing Market explores different topics such as product scope, product market by end users or application, product market by region, the market size for the specific product Type, sales and revenue by region forecast the Market size for various segments. The Report provides detailed information regarding the Major factors (drivers, restraints, opportunities, and challenges) influencing the growth of the Quantum Computing market. The Quantum Computing Market Report analyzes opportunities in the overall Quantum Computing market for stakeholders by identifying the high-growth segments.
Key Questions Answered in the Report
The research study on the quantum computing market offers inclusive insights about the growth of the market in the most comprehensible manner for better understanding of users. The insights offered in the quantum computing report answer some of the most salient questions that assist the stakeholders in gauging all the emerging possibilities.
Quantum Computing Market: Research Methodology
A unique and promising research methodology forms the base of the quantum computing market during the forecast period. The report has been prepared after a comprehensive analysis of the market happenings and then riveting insights have been compiled meticulously. The research methodology of the quantum computing market has been a two-step process that comprises of primary and secondary research. Key stakeholders, which include quantum computing manufacturers, suppliers, and distributors, have been interviewed and experts of several designations, including executive vice presidents, directors, service engineers, technical advisors, GM marketing professionals, and sales professionals.
Secondary sources referred to garner the report findings include investor presentations of manufacturers, World Bank, and many other credible sources.
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A detailed overview of the geographical and competitive sphere of the Quantum Computing market:
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Table of Content of The Report
Chapter 1- Quantum Computing Industry Overview:
1.1 Definition of Quantum Computing
1.2 Brief Introduction of Major Classifications
1.3 Brief Introduction of Major Applications
1.4 Brief Introduction of Major Regions
Chapter 2- Production Market Analysis:
2.1 Global Production Market Analysis
2.1.1 Global Capacity, Production, Capacity Utilization Rate, Ex-Factory Price, Revenue, Cost, Gross and Gross Margin Analysis
2.1.2 Major Manufacturers Performance and Market Share
2.2 Regional Production Market Analysis
Chapter 3- Sales Market Analysis:
3.1 Global Sales Market Analysis
3.2 Regional Sales Market Analysis
Chapter 4- Consumption Market Analysis:
4.1 Global Consumption Market Analysis
4.2 Regional Consumption Market Analysis
Chapter 5- Production, Sales and Consumption Market Comparison Analysis
Chapter 6- Major Manufacturers Production and Sales Market Comparison Analysis
Chapter 7- Major Classification Analysis
Chapter 8- Major Application Analysis
Chapter 9- Industry Chain Analysis:
9.1 Up Stream Industries Analysis
9.2 Manufacturing Analysis
Chapter 10- Global and Regional Market Forecast:
10.1 Production Market Forecast
10.2 Sales Market Forecast
10.3 Consumption Market Forecast
Chapter 11- Major Manufacturers Analysis:
11.1.1 Company Introduction
11.1.2 Product Specification and Major Types Analysis
11.1.3 Production Market Performance
11.1.4 Sales Market Performance
11.1.5 Contact Information
11.2.1 Company Introduction
11.2.2 Product Specification and Major Types Analysis
11.2.3 Production Market Performance
11.2.4 Sales Market Performance
11.2.5 Contact Information
Chapter 12- New Project Investment Feasibility Analysis:
12.1 New Project SWOT Analysis
12.2 New Project Investment Feasibility Analysis
Continued
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Quantum Computing Market Brief Analysis and Application, Growth by 2026 - 3rd Watch News
Standard Chartered and Universities Space Research Association join forces on Quantum Computing – PRNewswire
LONDON andMOUNTAIN VIEW, Calif., July 13, 2020 /PRNewswire/ --Standard Chartered Bank and Universities Space Research Association (USRA) have signed a Collaborative Research Agreement to partner on quantum computing research and developing quantum computing applications.
In finance, the most promising use cases with real-world applications include quantum machine learning models (generating synthetic data and data anonymisation) and discriminative models (building strong classifiers and predictors) with multiple potential uses such as credit scoring and generating trading signals. As quantum computing technology matures, clients should benefit from higher quality services such as faster execution, better risk management and the development of new financial products.
Kahina Van Dyke, Global Head of Digital Channels and Client Data Analytics at Standard Chartered, said: "Similar to other major technological advancements, quantum computing is set to bring widespread benefits as well as disrupt many existing business processes. This is why it's important for companies to future-proof themselves by adopting this new technology from an early stage. The partnership with USRA gives us access to world-class academic researchers and provides us with a unique opportunity to explore a wide range of models and algorithms with the potential to establish quantum advantage for the real-world use cases."
Bernie Seery, Senior VP of Technology at USRA noted that "This partnership with the private sector enables a diversity of research through a competitively selected portfolio of quantum computing research projects involving academic institutions and non-profits, growing an ecosystem for quantum artificial intelligence that has already involved over 150 researchers from more than 40 organizations that produced over 50 peer-reviewed publications over the last seven years."
Alex Manson, Global Head of SC Ventures, Standard Chartered's innovation, fintech investment and ventures arm, stated: "The world is currently in the process of identifying commercial use cases where quantum computer capabilities will surpass classical computers. We have a conviction that some of these use cases will transform the way we manage risks in financial services, for example by simulating portfolios and exponentially speeding up the generation of market data. We will work with USRA to identify such use cases in financial services, with a view to implementing them within our bank, as well as potentially offering this service to other market participants over time."
Mark Johnson, Vice President, Processor Design, Development and Quantum Products at D-Wave said: "Quantum computing research and development are poised to have a profound impact on the industries responsible for solving today's most complex problems. That's why researchers and businesses alike are looking to quantum computing today to start demonstrating tangible value. We're proud to work with USRA and Standard Chartered Bank as they improve global access to quantum systems and undertake essential research and development."
At USRA's Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science, Dr. Davide Venturelli, Associate Director for Quantum Computing, notes that quantum annealing is implementing a powerful approach to computing, featuring unique advantages with respect to other traditional and novel approaches, that should be studied, theoretically and experimentally, to advance the state of art of computing technologies for the benefit of nearly all disciplines.
Standard Chartered's team, led by Dr. Alexei Kondratyev, Global Head of Data Science and Innovation, and USRA have collaborated in quantum computing research since 2017. An earlier success in investigating the quantum annealing approach to computational problems in portfolio optimisation use cases led to this strategic partnership, where USRA will continue to support fundamental academic research in quantum physics and artificial intelligence and Standard Chartered will focus on future commercial applications.
In 2012, USRA partnered with NASA to found the Quantum Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (QuAIL): the space agency's hub to evaluate the near-term impact of quantum technologies. With QuAIL, the USRA team has investigated the physics, the engineering and the performance of multiple generations of quantum annealing processors built by D-Wave Systems, as well as participating in U.S. government research programs that looked into application of quantum annealing for combinatorial optimization, aviation, earth science and machine learning. NASA Ames Research Center is currently hosting a D-Wave 2000Q annealing system that will be made available for free for research by U.S. Universities, thanks to the support of this partnership.
Standard Chartered and USRA intend to develop this initial collaboration beyond quantum annealing to all unconventional computing systems that could provide an advantage to applications of interest, such as gate-model noisy-intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) processors and Coherent Ising machines.
For more information, contact: Standard Chartered: Group Media Relations Contact: Shaun Gamble, [emailprotected] Tel: +44 2078855934
USRA: PR Contact: Suraiya Farukhi, [emailprotected] Technical Contact: David Bell, [emailprotected]
About USRA
Foundedin 1969, under the auspices of the National Academy of Sciences at the request of the U.S. Government, the Universities Space Research Association (USRA) is a nonprofit corporation chartered to advance space-related science, technology and engineering. USRA operates scientific institutes and facilities, and conducts other major research and educational programs, under Federal funding. USRA engages the university community and employs in-house scientific leadership, innovative research and development, and project management expertise.RIACS is a USRA department for research in fundamental and applied information sciences, leading projects on quantum computing funded by NASA, DARPA, the US Airforce and NSF.
More info at: https://riacs.usra.edu/quantum/and http://www.usra.edu.
About Standard Chartered
We are a leading international banking group, with a presence in 59 of the world's most dynamic markets, and serving clients in a further 85. Our purpose is to drive commerce and prosperity through our unique diversity, and our heritage and values are expressed in our brand promise, Here for good.
Standard Chartered PLC is listed on the London and Hong Kong Stock Exchanges as well as the Bombay and National Stock Exchanges in India.
For more stories and expert opinions please visitInsightsatsc.com. Follow Standard Chartered onTwitter,LinkedInandFacebook.
SOURCE Universities Space Research Association
The crypto-agility mandate, and how to get there – Help Net Security
To achieve long-term data protection in todays fast-changing and uncertain world, companies need the ability to respond quickly to unforeseen events. Threats like quantum computing are getting more real while cryptographic algorithms are subject to decay or compromise. Without the ability to identify, manage and replace vulnerable keys and certificates quickly and easily, companies are at risk.
So, what do we mean when we talk about crypto-agility? Fundamentally, you will have achieved crypto-agility when your security systems are able to rapidly deploy and update algorithms, cryptographic primitives, and other encryption mechanisms. Going a step further, it means you have achieved complete control over cryptographic mechanisms your public key infrastructure (PKI) and associated processes and can quickly make whatever changes are needed without intense manual effort.
The replacement of manual processes with automated ones is critical to keeping up with accelerating change. As computing power and security technologies continue to evolve at a faster and faster pace, your existing cryptographic infrastructure is destined to become obsolete in a few years unless you can keep it upgraded to the latest technologies. Notably, threats continue to evolve as well.
Moreover, as the world transforms to depend on digital systems more fully, weve embedded cryptography deeply into virtually every communication system in the world. Its no longer possible for cryptography to remain isolated from other critical systems. The vast interdependent nature of modern systems makes it imperative that IT teams have the ability to respond quickly or face the risk of major outages and disruption.
Cryptographic standards like RSA, ECC, and AES that are in broad use today are constantly being updated with more advanced versions. Eventually governing bodies like NIST get in the act and mandate the use of the latest standards, with browser and cloud providers often raising the bar as well. To avoid becoming non-compliant, you must have the ability to quickly upgrade all your systems that rely on deprecated cryptography.
A robust, cryptographically agile infrastructure also brings other long-term benefits and plays a critical role in preventing security breaches. Achieving crypto-agility will make your operations teams more efficient, and eliminate unnecessary costs such consulting fees, temporary staff, fines, or remediation costs.
Such scenarios can unfold when a bad actor gains admin access, for instance, and may or may not have issued certificates. This uncertainty means that certificates from the impacted certificate authority (CA) can no longer be trusted and all certs from that CA must be revoked and re-issued. Without crypto-agility and a clear understanding of your potential exposure, youre looking at a costly all-hands-on-deck response to track and update hundreds or thousands of certs. And, of course, anytime you have humans involved with security response, youre opening yourself to human error and further compromise and outages.
The looming threat of quantum computing some say we could see 100,000x faster quantum computers as soon as 2025 represents another compelling reason to focus on improving your crypto-agility. While all crypto algorithms are breakable on paper, the incredible computing power required for such a feat does not currently exist. That could change with quantum computers which one day will be able to break most existing algorithms and hash function in minutes or hours.
To avoid the doomsday scenario where every system in the world is potentially exposed to compromise, work is already underway toward quantum-safe cryptography. However, given how little we know about quantum computing and the inability to perform real-world testing, its safe to assume there will be considerable give and take before quantum-safe algorithms are widely available.
In the meantime, your cryptography, certificate management and key distribution systems must be agile enough to adapt to this very real emerging threat. The table below presents a scenario of the time and expense involved with swapping out existing cryptography for quantum-safe cryptography. In this scenario, with incomplete or partial automation most enterprises would be looking at a 15-month vulnerability period compared to just six days when a fully automated solution has been put in place.
A comparison of quantum doomsday mitigation scenarios
Crypto-agility is a complex topic at scale and working towards it requires a multifaceted approach. Changes need to be made to security setups in organizational policy, operating methods, and core technology and processes. Your PKI may need to be upgraded and enhanced to support rapid swaps of cryptography, and software development procedures may need to be revamped to incorporate a nimbler approach to cryptography as opposed to being bolted on top of finished software.
The first step toward true crypto-agility is to understand the extent of your cryptographic exposure. This is accomplished by tracking down every digital certificate deployed across the organization and capturing details including algorithms and their size, the type of hashing/signature, validity period, where its located and how it can be used.
Once you have a complete inventory, youll then need to identify the vulnerable certificates by the type of cryptography in use and look for anomalies and potential problems. These can include certificates that use wildcards or IP address, certificates located on unauthorized or unintended systems as well as certificates abandoned on deprecated systems.
Finding your certificates and vulnerability isnt enough by itself to deliver crypto-agility youre still looking at the aforementioned 15-month-long process if you need to swap everything out manually.
Here are three pillars of crypto-agility that will put your organization on the right path toward withstanding whatever the future holds:
#1 Automate discovery and reporting. At the push of a button, you should be able to produce a full report of all your cryptographic assets. This will allow you quickly identify vulnerable cryptography and to report anomalies. There are any number of tools available to help you do this, but ideally certificate reporting should just be incorporated into an automated PKI solution.
#2 Automate PKI operations at scale. The ideal solution here is a fully automated Certificate Management Systems (CMS) that will manage the entire lifecycle of a certificate from creation to renewal. When the CMS is used to create a certificate it should have all the data it needs to not only monitor the certificate for expiration but automatically provision a replacement certificate without human intervention.
#3 Be nimble. At an organization and management level, your IT organization from DevOps through to day-to-day operations staff need to be ready for threats and change. You should carefully evaluate and rethink all aspects of your PKI to identify areas that may lock you into a particular vendor or technology.
The risk of having a slow-to-respond cryptographic infrastructure is increasingly daily, not only as digital transformations increase our dependency on inter-connected systems but as external threats and technology evolve with increasing pace. Looming above it all is the threat of quantum computing. Put it all together and its clear that the time to automate your PKI and move toward crypto-agility is at hand.
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The crypto-agility mandate, and how to get there - Help Net Security
Standard Chartered teams up with Universities Space Research Association on development of quantum computing apps – FinanceFeeds
In finance, the most promising use cases with real-world applications include quantum machine learning models and discriminative models with various potential uses such as credit scoring and generating trading signals.
Standard Chartered Bank today announcesthe signing of Collaborative Research Agreement with Universities Space Research Association (USRA) to partner on quantum computing research and developing quantum computing applications.
In finance, the most promising use cases with real-world applications include quantum machine learning models (generating synthetic data and data anonymisation) and discriminative models (building strong classifiers and predictors) with multiple potential uses such as credit scoring and generating trading signals. As quantum computing technology matures, clients should benefit from higher quality services such as faster execution, better risk management and the development of new financial products.
Alex Manson, Global Head of SC Ventures, Standard Chartereds innovation, fintech investment and ventures arm, explains:
The world is currently in the process of identifying commercial use cases where quantum computer capabilities will surpass classical computers. We have a conviction that some of these use cases will transform the way we manage risks in financial services, for example by simulating portfolios and exponentially speeding up the generation of market data. We will work with USRA to identify such use cases in financial services, with a view to implementing them within our bank, as well as potentially offering this service to other market participants over time.
Standard Chartereds team, led by Dr. Alexei Kondratyev, Global Head of Data Science and Innovation, and USRA have collaborated in quantum computing research since 2017. An earlier success in investigating the quantum annealing approach to computational problems in portfolio optimisation use cases led to this strategic partnership, where USRA will continue to support fundamental academic research in quantum physics and artificial intelligence and Standard Chartered will focus on future commercial applications.
Standard Chartered and USRA intend to develop this initial collaboration beyond quantum annealing to all unconventional computing systems that could provide an advantage to applications of interest, such as gate-model noisy-intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) processors and Coherent Ising machines.
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Standard Chartered teams up with Universities Space Research Association on development of quantum computing apps - FinanceFeeds