Category Archives: Artificial Intelligence
Using Artificial Intelligence to Assess Breast Cancer – Chicago Health
Software that uses artificial intelligence (AI) may help improve breast cancer diagnosis.
QuantX, developed in Chicago, uses AI to analyze breast MRIs. Radiologists can use the technology to help assess if breast lesions are cancerous. Research shows the technology led to a 39% reduction in missed cancers, according to a clinical trial.
Maryellen Giger, PhD, a professor of radiology at the University of Chicago, developed the technology, which the FDA cleared in 2017. You can think of breast cancer screening as Wheres Waldo? she says, referring to the puzzle books where one searches for a character who blends in with background images.
QuantX, now owned by Chicago-based company Qlarity Imaging, generates a 3-D image that radiologists can rotate to see the size and location of a tumor. They can use that image to decide whether to conduct a biopsy.
Though patients are unlikely to know if a doctor used the software, its now in hospitals and imaging centers around the country. Down the line, similar software could be used to diagnose other cancers, like in the prostate and lung.
Susan Cosier is a Chicago-based writer focused on science and the environment. Her work has appeared in Scientific American and Science.
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Using Artificial Intelligence to Assess Breast Cancer - Chicago Health
Israel’s first digital bank begins operations, heralding ‘artificial intelligence revolution’ – Haaretz
The digital bank founded by Prof. Amnon Shashua, among the founders of the self-driving auto-tech company Mobileye, officially began operations on Sunday, promising to shake up the Israeli banking sector and inject badly needed competition.
First Digital Bank, Israels first new banking institution in 43 years, aims to use artificial intelligence and other technology to create a personal ambiance without the actual human contact that comes with neighborhood branches.
Who's really funding Jewish immigration to Israel - and why?
Netflix killed off Blockbuster, Spotify disrupted the music industry and Tesla has left Ford and Mitsubishi in the dust. Banking is one of the few industries that hasnt undergone a revolution. Big, long-standing names control the market with too little competition and offer exactly the same products, said First Digital Banks CEO, Gal Bar-Dea. We will be offering innovative banking, building a bank from scratch for the benefit of the public.
Bar-Dea, who has a background in financial technology, including a stint at Bank Leumis Pepper digital bank, is leading a staff that today counts 140 people and is backed by $60 million in investments. First Digital Banks chairman is Shuki Oren, who has worked at the treasury, Bank of Israel and the banking industry.
First Digital Bank will initially operate on a pilot basis with a limited clientele. It plans to expand its client base, starting in the third quarter when it will enable 1,000 clients, most of them family and friends of bank employees, to open accounts. The general public will only be able to open accounts at the end of the year, although on Sunday the bank launched a website where prospective clients can join a waiting list.
The bank will offer all the usual banking services, including personal account, loans, deposits and foreign-currency trading. Last May, it reached an agreement to offer credit cards through Isracard and in December became a member of the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange, enabling it to offer brokerage services. It will offer the same for trading in the United States. The bank plans to begin offering mortgages at a later stage.
The AI revolution is here and now its coming to banking, said Shashua. The banking system is thirsty for competition and innovation after many years of stagnation. Change cant come from the traditional system, which is held back by high costs.
The brains behind First Digital Bank and the person who founded it in 2018 is Marius Nacht, a founder of Check Point Software Technology and billionaire investor. But in May 2020, after the bank got its licenses from the Bank of Israel, Nacht unexpectedly announced his departure from the venture and transferred control to Shashua.
First Digital Bank executives have declined to discuss their business plan in detail but say the institutional will be fully digital. Among other things, clients will communicate with bankers through an app, online chat and a call center that operates 24 hours a day, with an emphasis on making the process as personal as possible.
The key will be making use of AI, in line with Shashuas vision. The process of opening an account will be entirely digitized, without the assistance of an employee, and take only a few minutes.
First Digital Banks launch comes during one of the most volatile periods in the history of Israeli banking regarding payments and technology. Bank Hapoalim, the biggest, is setting up its own digital bank based on its Bit payments app. Israel Discount Bank and the supermarket chain Shufersal are setting up a joint venture using Facebooks payments app.
Bank Leumi, Israels second-largest lender, has been successfully running its Pepper digital-bank app for several years.
Established banks have been watching First Digitals plans and studying the impact, but at this stage havent decided how to respond to the new competition. They have been hindered by the fact that First Digital has revealed so little of its own plans.
For the new bank to succeed, it will have to win the publics trust and succeed in luring clients of the existing banks. Reforms that enable clients to change banks within seven days with the click of a button should make its job easier.
First Digital Banks competitive edge will not only be its technology but its lower fees. To do the latter, it plans to have a low-cost base, not only because it will have no branch network but because it wont have a high-cost legacy computer system. First Digital Bank sources said they expect the older banks to cut their fees, but they say they are ready for the competition.
The bank is also counting on AI to free its clients from the more complex parts of money management and to solve problems that are due to faulty financial management, instead of sending them to a financial education seminar. While traditional banks may be able to compete on price, they will struggle to match First Digital Bank technologically so long as they rely on their legacy computer systems.
Another advantage it will have is that its services will be available around the clock, not just during banking hours and without waiting for a call center or branch banker to become available. AI will enable online services to be conducted in ordinary language, which among other things will make clear how much a service will cost and whats involved.
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Israel's first digital bank begins operations, heralding 'artificial intelligence revolution' - Haaretz
Baidu : Top Artificial Intelligence Innovations From the Chinese ‘Google’ – Analytics Insight
Baidu Inc., is one of the largest providers of Chinese language Internet services. Today, it is also one of the leading artificial intelligence innovators in the world.The company has helped China position itself on the global tech map while also boosting its economy along with Alibaba and Tencent.
Sources reveal that in 2020 alone, Baidus core R&D expenditure accounted for 21.4% of its revenue, becoming one of the top Internet companies with the highest R&D spending.Further, Baidu also claims to have most artificial intelligence-related patent applications in China. This is a testament to Baidus long-term commitment to driving technological advancement. Today, Baidu isactively and often successfully integrating artificial intelligence technologies into all of its major businesses. This ranges from search engine, to drug discovery and even autonomous driving.In 2018, Baidu became the first Chinese company to join an artificial intelligence ethics group (Partnership on AI (PAI)) led by top U.S. tech firms, Alphabet IncsGoogle,AppleInc and Facebook Inc.
Here are some notable innovations in artificial intelligence applications from Baidu:
During the COVID-19 outbreak too, the company had leveraged its expertise in artificial intelligence, and associated technologies and products, to support frontline efforts to prevent and control the pandemic. It created an artificial intelligence system that uses infrared technology to predict passengers temperatures at Beijings Qinghe Railway Station. Its Smart Consulting Assistant has also proved resourceful in helping doctors make rapid diagnoses and initiate treatment online.
Last year, Baidu had also open-sourced its Ribonucleic acid (RNA) prediction algorithm LinearFold. This artificial intelligence algorithm aims to accelerate the prediction time of a viruss RNA secondary structure, which is crucial to understand it and developing vaccines. Researchers found that LinearFold is capable of predicting the secondary structure of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA sequence in only 27 seconds, 120 times faster than other methods. Apart from LinearFold, Baidu has also launched PaddleHelix, a machine learning-based bio-computing framework aimed at facilitating the development of vaccine design, drug discovery, and precision medicine.
Apollois an ambitious, open-source platform from Baidu that is designed to support self-driving vehicles.Apollos deep-learning inference support is designed to handle complex driving environments, including sensor fusion and AI processing. Baidus Automated Valet Parking (AVP) which runs on ACU-Advanced and Xilinxs hardware is also built on Apollo. Last year, Baidu made headlines for its demonstration of Fully Automated Driving without a safety driver via live streaming. Using Apollos new Fully Automated Driving capability, the artificial intelligence system can independently drive without a safety driver inside the vehicle, a breakthrough that will accelerate the large-scale deployment of autonomous driving technology across China.
Baidus PaddlePaddle offers software developers of all skill levels the tools, services, and resources they need to rapidly adopt and implement deep learning at scale. It also hosts toolkits for cutting-edge research purposes, like Paddle Quantum for quantum-computing models and Paddle Graph Learning for graph-learning models. Companies like LinkingMed have used PaddlePaddle to develop an AI-powered pneumonia screening and the lesion-detection system being used in the hospital affiliated with Xiangnan University in Hunan Province. By using Paddle Detection, a PaddlePaddle toolkit for image processing, Jinlu Technology trains an instance-segmentation model for sorting waste plastic bottles.
One of the most sought after yet trickiest challenges of artificial intelligence algorithms is to enhance its NLP abilities. Baidus ERNIE (short for Enhanced Representation through kNowledge Integration), is presently the best in the world by GLUE (General Language Understanding Evaluation) score. ERNIE can understand blocks of language in context and therefore comprehend commands and interactions of all kinds efficiently.Some of the ERNIEs iterations like ERNIE-GEN enable language generation tasks, like dialogue engagement, question generation, and abstractive summarization. In contrast, ERNIE-ViL helps with visual understanding.
In 2015, Baidu launched its intelligent personal assistant, Duer. Also dubbed as the Chinese Apple Siri, Duer includes multi-modal interaction, natural language processing, and other such technologies for a natural interaction and smarter understanding.
Baidus Deep Speechis a state-of-the-art speech recognition system developed using end-to-end deep learning by Baidu Research. It has also developed a production-quality text-to-speech (TTS) system using deep neural network Deep Voice. Baidu mentions that its Deep Voice is faster and more efficient than Googles WaveNet. Baidu also has SwiftScribe, an AI-Powered Transcription Software among its wide array of artificial intelligence innovations. Based on Deep Speech 2, themain function of SwiftScribeis to transcribe audio material into the text in order to solve the problem of consuming a large amount of time-by-word dictation.
Baidu Brain, is another core artificial intelligence innovation from the Beijing based company that features advanced technology for recognizing and processing speech, images and words as well as building user profiles based on big data analysis.
Moreover, last year, Baidu launched its own artificial intelligence-based accelerator called Kunlun K200 SoC. This 256-TOPS accelerator was designed to handle its internal deep-learning workloads. The K200 accelerates common neural-network and SQL operations. On artificial intelligence inference benchmarks, it matches the power efficiency of Nvidias T4 card. This year, Baidu will start mass production of Kunlun 2.
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Baidu : Top Artificial Intelligence Innovations From the Chinese 'Google' - Analytics Insight
Artificial Intelligence in Genomics Market worth $1,671 million by 2025 – Exclusive Report by MarketsandMarkets – PRNewswire
CHICAGO, March 11, 2021 /PRNewswire/ -- According to the new market research report "Artificial Intelligence In Genomics Market by Offering (Software, Services),Technology (Machine Learning, Computer Vision), Functionality (Genome Sequencing, Gene Editing), Application (Diagnostics), End User (Pharma, Research) - Global Forecasts to 2025", published by MarketsandMarkets, the global AI in Genomics market is projected to reach USD 1,671 million by 2025 from USD 202 million in 2020, at a CAGR of 52.7% between 2020 and 2025
Browse in-depth TOC on "Artificial Intelligence in Genomics Market"141 Tables24 Figures 154 Pages
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The need to control drug development and discovery costs and time, increasing public and private investments in AI in genomics, and the adoption of AI solutions in precision medicine are driving the growth of this market. However, the lack of a skilled AI workforce and ambiguous regulatory guidelines for medical software are expected to restrain the market growth during the forecast period.
Machine learning to dominate the AI in Genomics market in 2019
Based on technology, the Artificial Intelligence in GenomicsMarket is segmented into machine learning and other technologies. The machine learning segment dominated this market in 2019, as pharmaceutical companies, CROs, and biotechnology companies have widely adopted machine learning for drug genomics applications. This is because machine learning can extract insights from data sets, accelerating genomic research.
Diagnostics segment accounted for the largest share of the AI in Genomics market, by end user, in 2019
Based on application, the Artificial Intelligence in GenomicsMarket is segmented into diagnostics, drug discovery & development, precision medicine, agriculture & animal research, and other applications. Diagnostics was the largest application segment in genomics market in 2019. The large share of this segment can be attributed to the increasing research on diseases and the decreasing cost of sequencing.
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North America is the largest regional market for AI in Genomics in 2019
In 2019, North America accounted for the largest share of the AI in Genomics market, followed by Europe. The large share of North America can be attributed to the increasing research funding and government initiatives for promoting precision medicine in the US.
Prominent players in the Artificial Intelligence in GenomicsMarket are IBM (US), Microsoft (US), NVIDIA Corporation (US), Deep Genomics (Canada), BenevolentAI (UK), Fabric Genomics Inc. (US), Verge Genomics (US), Freenome Holdings, Inc. (US), MolecularMatch Inc. (US), Cambridge Cancer Genomics (UK), SOPHiA GENETICS (US), Data4Cure Inc. (US), PrecisionLife Ltd (UK),Genoox Ltd. (US), Lifebit (UK), Diploid (Belgium), FDNA Inc. (US), DNAnexus Inc. (US), Empiric Logic (Ireland), Engine Biosciences Pte. Ltd. (US)
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Drug Discovery Market by Component (Software, Service), Technology (ML, DL), Application (Neurodegenerative Diseases, Immuno-Oncology, CVD), End User (Pharmaceutical & Biotechnology, CRO), Region - Global forecast to 2024https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/Market-Reports/ai-in-drug-discovery-market-151193446.html
Genomics Market by Product & Service (System & Software, Consumables, Services), Technology (Sequencing, PCR), Application (Drug Discovery & Development, Diagnostic, Agriculture), End User (Hospital & Clinics, Research Centers) Global Forecast to 2025https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/Market-Reports/genomics-market-613.html
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Latest News Toyota Is Using Artificial Intelligence To Build A New City – Analytics Insight
Toyota, one of the biggest automobile manufacturers is employing artificial intelligence to make a futuristic city for 2,000 staff members and families. Yes, of course, the city will be powered by robots as well. The city will be governed by an operating system and will have roads dedicated for self-driving vehicles to carry on without any hassle.
Toyota has begun laying the foundation for a 175-acre smart city in Japan. The company says that artificial intelligence and futuristic technologies will act as a living laboratory which raises many eyebrows. Being built at the base of Mount Fuji, the Woven City will be situated approximately 62 miles from Tokyo.
The aim of building such a city is to serve as a testing ground for modern technology that can be established across other urban environments like robotics, AI, and interconnected smart homes.
Toyota announced this futuristic project at CES 2020 in January last year. The company had said that the city will have three types of roads which will be connected at the ground level one road for pedestrians, one for pedestrians using their personal vehicles like e-scooters, and one road just for self-driving cars. While these roads will be for the public, the city will also have one conventional road underneath the city that will be used to move goods.
In 2018, Toyota launches its self-driving vehicle, the e-Palette which is expected to be the Woven City projects main transport. Toyota said that their e-Palette is scalable and customizable for various functions like ride-sharing, delivery services, mobile offices, and even hotels.
The 2,000 staff and families will live in smart homes with AI technology and various integrated robotic systems to assist everyday life and sensor-based artificial intelligence to monitor peoples health and other basic needs.
The project is divided into phases and the first phase will have about 360 residents of varying age groups, rising to 2,000 including a few Toyota employees and their families along with scientists and inventors who will keep checking the effectiveness of the technological solutions.
Will all the futuristic technology cause hindrance to human connections? Toyota has said encouraging human connection will be an equally important aspect of this experience. Building a complete city from the ground up, even on a small scale like this is a unique opportunity to develop future technologies, including a digital operating system for the citys infrastructure.
About the AI technology, Mr Toyoda said, With people, buildings, and vehicles all connected and communicating with each other through data sensors, we will be able to test connected AI technology, in both the virtual and the physical realms, maximizing its potential.
A smart home lets the homeowner control all the smart devices remotely from anywhere with a steady internet connection. This means that a person can control security functions, temperature, lighting, etc. remotely. Smart home devices come with self-learning skills to learn the owners schedules and make choices on their own accordingly. If a smart home is fitting with smart lights, it automatically turns the light on and off, saving electricity. Smart home security systems intimate the owner when it detects an expected motion. These small yet effective conveniences make human lives easier.
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Latest News Toyota Is Using Artificial Intelligence To Build A New City - Analytics Insight
Artificial Intelligence (AI) In Retail Market Value Expected To Reach US$ 6,762.3 Million By 2027: Acumen Research And Consulting – GlobeNewswire
Acumen Research and Consulting, a global provider of market research studies, in a recently published report titledArtificial Intelligence (AI) in Retail Market Global Industry Analysis, Market Size, Opportunities and Forecast, 2020-2027
LOS ANGELES, March 10, 2021 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- The Global Artificial Intelligence (AI) In Retail Market is expected to grow at a CAGR of around 34.9% from 2020 to 2027 and reach the market value of over US$ 6,762.3 Mn by 2027.
Based on regional landscape, North America is dominating the AI in retail market growth owing to its surging investments in retail development activities and presence of large pool of tech- startups. Within North America, US is considered as one of the early adopters for innovative technologies involving AI, augmented reality, virtual reality, and robotics. The presence of prominent players is one of the key factors responsible for the growth of North America regional market. On the other hand, Europe holds the second largest market share for artificial intelligence (AI) in retail market. The factors that contribute for the growth of the regional market involves large pool of retail supply chains involved in the development of the apparel industry utilizing artificial intelligence research. This factor acts positively witnessing healthy regional growth resulting in global market growth of AI in retail.
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Furthermore, APAC is projected to record all time high CAGR in the forthcoming years. As retail companies in the emerging Asia-Pacific are taking up the AI-oriented initiatives it is stimulating the growth of AI in retail in APAC regional market. In addition, Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are projected to demonstrate significant growth in the global market in the forecast period. Development of customer engagement and advanced transition platform are witnessing healthy adoption for AI-driven retail solutions across Latin America.
Market Drivers
Advancements in virtual fitting rooms augment the overall market growth of artificial intelligence (AI) in retail market
Through integration of artificial intelligence with digital mirrors it enhances the buyers to try a variety of dresses, goggles, accessories, and other products without actually wearing them. Artificial intelligence along with advanced technologies such as AI, AR, VR, provides real-time simulation for virtual dressings solutions. Such technology enhances the customer experiences as well as engagement in both online and offline medium.
Restraints
Well established retailers are trying every possible way to improve the engagement of their customers; however, certain factors are limiting the AI in retail market growth rate. The prominent suppliers and global level retailers like Wal-Mart have already deployed artificial based systems to their shops as well as to online portals. However, small and medium sized retailers (SMEs) are still far away from the technology owing to a lack of infrastructure and absence of skilled expertise. The high implementation cost associated retail solutions acts as a major barrier for small retailers that is involved in limiting the adoption. These factors refrain the market of artificial intelligence (AI) in retail market to grow worldwide.
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Market Trend
Product optimization
Product optimization and planning will be growing at a faster pace for AI in retail market globally. The advancements in big data analytics drive the growing adoption of artificial enabled devices and services across different industrial domains and verticals. According to the Consumer Technology Association, AI in retail markets have benefits involving cost saving, increasing productivity, faster resolution of business problems, faster delivery of new products and services, rising innovation, and many more. These factors have a positive influence and help to improve customer analytics and behavior experiences raising the significance of product optimization.
Segmental Outlook
Artificial intelligence (AI) in retail markets is segmented based on technology, deployment model, and application. By technology, the AI retail market is segmented as machine learning, natural language processing, and among others. By deployment model, the AI in retail market is bifurcated into cloud and on-premise. Furthermore, by application, the market is segmented as predictive merchandising, programmatic advertising, in-store visual monitoring and surveillance, location-based marketing, and others.
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Competitive Landscape
The prominent players of the data center servers industry involve International Business Machines Corporation(IBM), Microsoft Corporation, Amazon Web Services, Oracle Corporation, SAP SE, Intel Corporation, NVIDIA Corporation, Google LLC, Sentient Technologies, and among others.
Some of the key observations regarding artificial intelligence (AI) in retail industry include:
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) In Retail Market Value Expected To Reach US$ 6,762.3 Million By 2027: Acumen Research And Consulting - GlobeNewswire
IBM uses artificial intelligence to develop potential break-throughs in antibiotics – WRAL Tech Wire
RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK IBM scientists have utilized artificial intelligence to help speed up development of molecules for potential use in new novel antibiotics that are needed as the spread of antibiotic resistance grows and the need for new drugs increases.
In a blog post and a paper published in Nature Biomedical Engineering, the IBM team said the system would help pace the way to accelerated discovery.
[O]ur IBM Research team has developed an AI system that can help speed up the design of molecules for novel antibiotics. And it works, wroteAleksandra MojsilovicandPayel Das in the blog.
Noting the rise of resistance to antibiotics, the two said the threat is no joke. Its a huge threat to human health even more so during the raging pandemic. We need new antibiotics, and we need them fast.
AI could help provide part of a better solution.
The paper is titled Accelerating Antimicrobial Discovery with Controllable Deep Generative Models and Molecular Dynamics.
[W]e outline how we used it to create two new non-toxic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with strong broad-spectrum potency. Peptides are small molecules they are short strings of amino acids, the building blocks of proteins. Our approach outperforms other leading de novo AMP design methods by nearly 10 percent, the two scientists wrote.
The IBM scientists warned that very few newantibiotics are being developed to replace those that no longer work.Thats because drug design is an extremely difficult and lengthy process there are more possible chemical combinations of a new molecule than there are atoms in the Universe.
We want to help, they wrote.
In the papers abstract, the research team notes progress was madein less than seven weeks:
The de novo [from the beginning] design of antimicrobial therapeutics involves the exploration of a vast chemical repertoire to find compounds with broad-spectrum potency and low toxicity. Here, we report an efficient computational method for the generation of antimicrobials with desired attributes. The method leverages guidance from classifiers trained on an informative latent space of molecules modelled using a deep generative autoencoder, and screens the generated molecules using deep-learning classifiers as well as physicochemical features derived from high-throughput molecular dynamics simulations. Within 48days, we identified, synthesized and experimentally tested 20 candidate antimicrobial peptides, of which two displayed high potency
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IBM uses artificial intelligence to develop potential break-throughs in antibiotics - WRAL Tech Wire
Can artificial intelligence predict whether someone will die from COVID? – The Jerusalem Post
Artificial intelligence can predict with up to 90% accuracy if someone is going to die from the novel coronavirus before they are even infected, a group of scientists from the University of Copenhagen Faculty of Science have found in a study published in the science magazine Nature.Machine learning or artificial intelligence-based computer algorithms that improve automatically through experience by using the collected data was developed during the study and was found to be able to predict the risks at the different stages of illness.The researchers studied 3,944 positive cases in Denmark and used positive cases taken by UK Biobank for "external validation" and took common risk factors such as age, BMI and hypertension into account to formulate the algorithm.The AI model predicted risk of death at different stages: at diagnosis, at hospital admission, and at Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission.Out of the 3,944 patients who were tracked for the study, 324 died of COVID-19. The men who died were all between 73 and 87 years old with clear signs of high blood pressure and BMI impacting the results. This group of men proved to be the one with the highest risk of mortality as a result, and so the AI program would predict that men in that age range with high blood pressure and BMI are at higher risk.Surprisingly, some of the top risk features "shifted towards markers of shock and organ dysfunction in ICU patients" rather than the aforementioned common risk factors.
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The study developed an algorithm which managed to predict the risk of death and the findings were further backed by the results in the external validation cohort.
Such technology could help hospitals and medical care facilities throughout the world take extra preventative measures and may help prioritizing some patients over others and therein preventing unnecessarily high mortality rates.
This is not the first study to present the potential use of machine learning in taking preventative measures amid the coronavirus pandemic. The Copenhagen study, however, points out that these studies focused on patients already admitted to the hospital while it is unclear "whether the classification ability transfers to other healthcare systems." Another concern was that they were not entirely accurate machine learning algorithms because they did not take milder cases into account.
In addition, the previous studies, according to the researchers, were based on Chinese models which are vulnerable to bias.
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Can artificial intelligence predict whether someone will die from COVID? - The Jerusalem Post
FDAnews Announces Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Medical Technology: Fundamentals and Emerging Regulations Webinar Sponsored by…
Bloomberg
(Bloomberg) -- President Joe Biden is planning the first major federal tax hike since 1993 to help pay for the long-term economic program designed as a follow-up to his pandemic-relief bill, according to people familiar with the matter.Unlike the $1.9 trillion Covid-19 stimulus act, the next initiative, which is expected to be even bigger, wont rely just on government debt as a funding source. While its been increasingly clear that tax hikes will be a component -- Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen has said at least part of the next bill will have to be paid for, and pointed to higher rates -- key advisers are now making preparations for a package of measures that could include an increase in both the corporate tax rate and the individual rate for high earners.With each tax break and credit having its own lobbying constituency to back it, tinkering with rates is fraught with political risk. That helps explain why the tax hikes in Bill Clintons signature 1993 overhaul stand out from the modest modifications done since.For the Biden administration, the planned changes are an opportunity not just to fund key initiatives like infrastructure, climate and expanded help for poorer Americans, but also to address what Democrats argue are inequities in the tax system itself. The plan will test both Bidens capacity to woo Republicans and Democrats ability to remain unified.His whole outlook has always been that Americans believe tax policy needs to be fair, and he has viewed all of his policy options through that lens, said Sarah Bianchi, head of U.S. public policy at Evercore ISI and a former economic aide to Biden. That is why the focus is on addressing the unequal treatment between work and wealth.While the White House has rejected an outright wealth tax, as proposed by progressive Democratic Senator Elizabeth Warren, the administrations current thinking does target the wealthy.The White House is expected to propose a suite of tax increases, mostly mirroring Bidens 2020 campaign proposals, according to four people familiar with the discussions.The tax hikes included in any broader infrastructure and jobs package are likely to include repealing portions of President Donald Trumps 2017 tax law that benefit corporations and wealthy individuals, as well as making other changes to make the tax code more progressive, said the people familiar with the plan.The following are among proposals currently planned or under consideration, according to the people, who asked not to be named as the discussions are private:Raising the corporate tax rate to 28% from 21%Paring back tax preferences for so-called pass-through businesses, such as limited-liability companies or partnershipsRaising the income tax rate on individuals earning more than $400,000Expanding the estate taxs reachA higher capital-gains tax rate for individuals earning at least $1 million annually. (Biden on the campaign trail proposed applying income-tax rates, which would be higher)White House economist Heather Boushey underlined that Biden doesnt intend to boost taxes on people earning less than $400,000 a year. But for folks at the top whove been able to benefit from this economy and havent been this hard hit, theres a lot of room there to think about what kinds of revenue we can raise, she said in a Bloomberg TV interview Monday.An independent analysis of the Biden campaign tax plan done by the Tax Policy Center estimated it would raise $2.1 trillion over a decade, though the administrations plan is likely to be smaller. Bianchi earlier this month wrote that congressional Democrats might agree to $500 billion.The overall program has yet to be unveiled, with analysts penciling in $2 trillion to $4 trillion. No date has yet been set for an announcement, though the White House said the plan would follow the signing of the Covid-19 relief bill.An outstanding question for Democrats is which parts of the package need to be funded, amid debate over whether infrastructure ultimately pays for itself -- especially given current borrowing costs, which remain historically low. Efforts to make the expanded child tax credit in the pandemic-aid bill permanent -- something with a price tag estimated at more than $1 trillion over a decade -- could be harder to sell if pitched as entirely debt-financed.What Bloombergs Economists Say...The next major legislative initiative, infrastructure investment, could provide the sort of durable economic gains that not only support higher pay, but promote diffusion of those gains across demographic lines and political persuasions.--Andrew Husby and Eliza Winger, U.S. economistsFor the full report, click hereDemocrats would need at least 10 Republicans to back the bill to move it under regular Senate rules. But GOP members are signaling they are prepared to fight.Well have a big robust discussion about the appropriateness of a big tax increase, Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell said last month, predicting Democrats would pursue a reconciliation bill that forgoes the GOP and would aim for a corporate tax even higher than 28%.Kevin Brady, the top Republican on the House Ways & Means Committee, said, There seems to a be a real drive to tax investment of capital gains at marginal income rates, and called that a terrible economic mistake.While about 18% of the George W. Bush administrations tax cuts were allowed to expire in a 2013 deal, and other legislation has seen some increases in levies, 1993 marks the last comprehensive set of increases, experts say. That bill passed on a two-vote margin in the House and required the vice president to break a tie in the Senate.I dont think it is an understatement to say the current partisan environment is more severe than 1993 said Ken Kies, managing director of the Federal Policy Group, a former chief of staff of the congressional Joint Committee on Taxation. So you can draw your own conclusions about prospects for a deal this year, he said.Still, there could be some tax initiatives Republicans could get behind. One is a shift from a gasoline tax to a vehicle-miles-traveled fee to help fund highway projects.Read More: By-the-Mile Vehicle Tax to Help Fund Infrastructure Gains SteamAnother is more money for Internal Revenue Service enforcement -- a way to boost revenue without raising rates. Estimates have found that for every additional $1 spent on IRS audits, the agency brings in an additional $3 to $5.Democrats are also looking to revise tax laws that they say dont do enough to stop U.S. companies from shifting jobs and profits offshore as another way to raise revenue, one aide said. Republicans could potentially support incentives, though its unclear whether theyd back penalties.White House officials including deputy director of the National Economic Council, David Kamin -- who wrote a 2019 paper on Taxing the Rich -- are in the process of fleshing out the Biden tax plans.As for timing, if passed, tax measures would likely take effect in 2022 -- though some lawmakers and Biden supporters outside the administration have argued for holding off while unemployment remains high due to the pandemic.Lawmakers have their own ideas for tax reforms. Senate Finance Committee Chairman Ron Wyden wants to consolidate energy tax breaks and require investors to pay taxes regularly on their investments including stocks and bonds that have unrealized gains.A nurse pays taxes with every single paycheck. A billionaire in an affluent suburb on the other hand can defer paying taxes month after month to the point where their paying taxes is pretty much optional, Wyden told Bloomberg in an interview. I dont think thats right.Warren has pitched a wealth tax, while House Financial Services Committee Chair Maxine Waters has said she would like to consider a financial-transaction tax.Democratic strategists see the next package as effectively the last chance to reshape the U.S. economy on a grand scale before lawmakers turn to the 2022 mid-term campaign.Normally, the party in power gets one or two shots to do major legislative packages, said Chuck Marr, senior director of Federal Tax Policy at the left-leaning Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. This is the next shot.(Updates with White House economist comments in first paragraph after bullet-pointed section.)For more articles like this, please visit us at bloomberg.comSubscribe now to stay ahead with the most trusted business news source.2021 Bloomberg L.P.
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Kazuo Ishiguro writes of artificial intelligence and human hearts in Klara and the Sun – Tampa Bay Times
Klara, the narrator of the new novel by Kazuo Ishiguro, isnt human, but understanding humans is her mission. In Klara and the Sun, the reader follows her in that mission, in a world that seems like our own in a none too distant future. Its a dazzling and deeply moving journey.
Ishiguro, who was born in Japan but has lived most of his life in England, has written seven previous novels, including the Booker Prize-winning The Remains of the Day, as well as short fiction, song lyrics and screenplays.
Klara and the Sun is his first novel since he received the Nobel Prize for literature in 2017. It underscores how well he deserved that prize, in its beautiful craft and prose and in its tender but unflinching sense of the human heart.
Ishiguro has often erased the lines between literary and genre fiction, drawing on science fiction and mystery in Never Let Me Go, for example, or fantasy and fable in The Buried Giant. There are ribbons of all of those genres in Klara and the Sun.
Klara is an AF, or Artificial Friend, a type of robot with a human appearance and a high degree of artificial intelligence, designed to serve as a companion to a child or teenager. The book begins when she is new, living in a store that sells AFs on a busy city street and learning to make sense of her little piece of the world.
Some things are programmed into her AI. She can estimate at a glance a persons age and whether his suit jacket reveals high rank social status. She can judge whether the minute crinkles around a womans eyes indicate a smile or suspicion.
Klara has a deep reverence for the sun, which she regards as a deity. It might seem an odd belief to build into an android, but AFs are solar powered, so attention to the sun is a matter of survival for them and, as Klara comes to believe, perhaps for some humans.
When it comes to things not in her code, Klara is programmed to observe and learn. When 14-year-old Josie and her mother come to the store, Klara notes the girl is pale and thin and walks with difficulty, but that she is also bright and adept at manipulating adults. Josie is a quick study, too she notices how Klara feels about the sun and promises her they can watch the sun set together at her house.
Before long, Klara is Josies AF, living in a comfortable house far outside the city with those sunset views. Josie is delighted with her; it takes longer for Klara to figure out how to get along with the Mother, a tense woman who dashes off to work each morning, and gruff Melania Housekeeper. (Klara tends to label people according to their roles.) But Klara is determined to find harmony, because at the core of her programming is the task of keeping Josie happy and safe.
Just why would a kid need an AF, anyway? It seems lots of them do. Josie is far from the only child in this world who is homeschooled and largely isolated from the outside. She does have one real friend, a boy her age named Ricky who lives up the hill with his mother. They are tightly bonded, but there is a sharp difference between them: Josie is lifted, Ricky is not. What that term means, and what it has to do with Josies fragile physical health, emerges obliquely and then becomes crucial.
Klaras quiet life with Josie is upended by a trip to the city. It has several purposes: Josie will see her father (her parents are divorced) and visit an artist who is creating a portrait of her, while Ricky and his mother will come along to meet a man who might be able to change Rickys future.
The trip is a rush of revelations about all of those characters, one that Klara finds almost overwhelming. Ishiguro always keeps us inside Klaras head, mostly through his skillful use of her narrative voice, which is formal and almost childlike in its innocence.
We also sometimes see through her eyes, which seem to have a technical glitch that causes her vision to break up into something between pixelation and cubism when shes under stress, as in one uneasy conversation: She drank coffee, all the time looking at me, till I found the Mothers face filled six boxes by itself, her narrowed eyes recurring in three of them, each time at a different angle.
What Klara finds out in the city about Josie and her family will lead to choices that might be difficult for a human. The Father asks her, Do you believe in the human heart? I dont mean simply the organ, obviously. Im speaking in the poetic sense. The human heart. Do you think there is such a thing? Something that makes each of us special and individual?
To Klara, programmed for loyalty and self-sacrifice, the answer is clear. For some of the humans around her, it might be an open question.
The quietly stunning finale of Klaras story made me feel a little like one of the first famous AFs, the Tin Man in The Wizard of Oz, when he said, Now I know I have a heart, because its breaking.
Klara and the Sun
By Kazuo Ishiguro
Knopf, 320 pages, $28
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Kazuo Ishiguro writes of artificial intelligence and human hearts in Klara and the Sun - Tampa Bay Times