Category Archives: Deep Mind

Health Beat: Promoting vitality connects the mind and body – Missoula Current

Jean Baumgardner

Mental wellbeing is essential to overall health. It provides the foundation for a productive life filled with meaning, vitality and connection. Yet 1 billion people globally are affected by a mental health or substance use disorder.

Whether we struggle ourselves or know somebody with a mental health or substance use disorder, this impacts us all; these are our friends, family, co-workers and neighbors. Despite our cultures desire to separate the two, indeed, the mind and the body are intimately connected.

As a Family Practice Primary Care Provider (PCP), there are many pieces of advice I can bring to my patients who struggle with a mental health disorder or addiction. While these pieces are important and often part of the treatment plan, its not where I begin.

At Partnership Health Center, we believe that the foundation of the healing process is for patients to know and feel that they are in a safe place where they can come as they are, be heard, be the expert of their own bodies, and share their experiences without judgment. Creating that safe, trusting place is my priority.

Once the essential elements of trust and safety are in place, I often offer medical advice about factors patients might not know can affect their mental health. Though we know relatively little about mental health and addiction, we do know about things like the power of an anti-inflammatory lifestyle eating a healthy diet of mostly plant based foods. We know that there is a deep connection between our gut and our mood, and that exercise enhances neurotransmitters (chemical messengers) and reduces systemic inflammation.

We also know that things like sleep, optimism and meaningful relationships all contribute to good mental health. Mental health disorders and addiction have strong inflammatory components and have been clearly linked with the dysregulation of the immune system, in other words, these disorders increase susceptibility to illness.

We have growing research on the bi-directional connection between the gut and the brain. For example, we know that the second highest amount of serotonin receptors a chemical that influences happiness and mood is in our gut. The microbiome, or collection of microorganisms in our gut and throughout the body, plays an important role in regulating our emotions, immune system and cognitive function. Food truly can be a powerful medicine for our body, brain, and emotions.

We also know that trauma affects our ability to connect with our body and mind. Living in a constant state of anxiety in which our sympathetic nervous system (fight or flight response system) never rests.

I could talk to patients for hours about this important information. I can also offer medication, order tests, connect patients to counseling and refer for addiction services. All of these actions are important, but again, they are not what matters most.

As a PCP, it is not the advice I may be able to offer or the pills I may be able to prescribe. What matters most to me is that my patients feel heard, feel safe, feel seen, and feel that as their PCP, I am here to listen and bear witness in both their moments of pain and suffering, as well as their joy.

I want my patients to feel that they are truly heard and seen. I want them to know that I honor and carry their stories in my heart. I want them to feel that they do not have to walk alone in life, and they can come as they are, in whatever place they are, and feel a sense of connection and validation.

Jean Baumgardner is a Family Nurse Practitioner at Partnership Health Center (PHC). Jean delivers primary medical care services at both PHCs Creamery Building and at a PHC satellite clinic embedded in the Western Montana Mental Health Center.

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Health Beat: Promoting vitality connects the mind and body - Missoula Current

How to Go Through Life with Love in Your Heart – Greater Good Science Center at UC Berkeley

How do you react to difficult emotions like anxiety, guilt, or anger?

Many of us have the habit of judging ourselves and others harshly, drawing lines of blame that separate us from each other. But theres another way, writes internationally recognized meditation teacher Tara Brach in her new book. Radical Compassion is a way of practicing acceptance and care for ourselves and others that allows us to stay present to all that life brings and stay connected to each other.

Her main tool for cultivating radical compassion is RAIN, where we Recognize, Allow, and Investigate whatever is troubling usbe it the crippling anxiety after our first breakup or the tenderness and guilt of white privilegeand Nurture ourselves with self-compassion.

A psychologist and bestselling author, Brach draws upon her own experience with family, health, and the events of the world alongside her work as a psychologist to provide clear examples and tools for applying ancient spiritual practices to everyday life, from our most challenging emotions to our deep personal relationships. Many of her exercises draw on themes of self-compassion, loving-kindness, and reappraisal, all of which have been found to support well-being.

For me, all of Brachs books (and podcasts) feel like trusted friends I can call upon when I am feeling caught up in unhelpful, self-focused rumination or truly overwhelmed by the bad news of the world. It was a highlight of my year (maybe decade) to interview Brach about her new book. Below, she offers suggestions on the many practices we can try for self-discovery and awareness, and ways to unlock our own deep and true loving nature.

Eve Ekman: When you teach meditation and compassion practice, I really appreciate your focus on the body in a variety of different ways. Why is being embodied so important?

Tara Brach: When we reflect on what we cherish, its intimacy with others, creativity, wisdom, wonder, living fullyand all of them are sourced in an embodied presence. This is why I call the book Radical Compassion: If compassion is just mental, an idea about somebody suffering thats not grounded in that feeling of tenderness in our hearts, it doesnt motivate us to actively express our care. Radical compassion is radical because you go to the roots, because its embodied.

All of us have a kind of degree of dissociation from the body, to avoid that raw intensity that lives in our bodies. Often we hold the emotional wounds weve experienced in our bodies, our issues in our tissues. It really is a deep part of the spiritual path to, with gentleness and awareness, come into the body and reopen to what we have been avoiding. There is even more disassociation if theres been trauma versus a safe, kind upbringing where it is safe to be in our bodies. Disassociation is also amplified by being in a speedy high-tech culture. So its very pervasive.

It does take practice to re-awaken through our body. I encourage people to do mindful body scans, yoga, qigong, or other meditative practices that help us wake up in our bodies. I also feel really strongly that anyone who has experienced trauma needs to be careful to go gradually and with a healer therapist, so that they dont re-traumatize themselves by trying to be embodied. It takes a real atmosphere of care and safety.

I sometimes think of how we imagine shy, scared creatures in the woodsthese are like parts of ourselves that are in our body that we are avoiding. We need to invite them into the light of awareness. If theres something in us that feels difficult to feel, we just say: Im here. If theres fear, I sometimes invite people to sense the fear sitting next to them on a park bench, and then gradually let yourself feel how its living inside you. Re-associating to our bodies is a gradual path.

EE: Looking to the body wisdom is like discovering a different language. In your experience, is it a challenge for people to find their body in the beginning?

TB: A lot of them. And the more dissociation, the more challenge because its just what you saidtheres different language for that body knowing. It takes a certain kind of sensitivity to listening inwardly to be able to feel our body. And if our body has been a dangerous place, then that sensitivity gets cut off; we actually leave the premises and we dont want to listen. So its almost like learning how to listen carefully and use real gentleness and kindness. It might simply be to put your hand on your throat, gently from the inside out to just sense what wants to be paid attention to in there.

EE: In your book, there are many powerful visualization practices. But there are very few high-caliber scientific studies of visualization. How do you understand the unique benefits of imagination or visualization as part of meditation practice?

TB: Loving presence, for example, is a basic capacity and it can be cultivated and strengthened. In order to strengthen it, we need to find pathways, ways of paying attention that wake up our feeling of warmth and openness, and it really helps to use all our senses. The most common pathway we use is offering a loving message, such as I love you, I am here with you, that we say to ourselves. We can do that mentally, or we can do it with a soft whisper. Thats one modality. Another modality thats really, really powerful is touch. In the moments that we put our hand on our heart, theres a warmth and a connection that actually helps us to become more tender.

Then, back to your question, there is yet another modality, and it is imagery and visualization. Many different spiritual and psychological traditions use imagery and visualization, such as in the meditations from Tibetan Buddhism, among others. We take in so much information through our eyes and we think visually. So having something represented in the visual field that actually relates to a deep inner experienceits like the seed is already there, but the image helps to nourish it and bring it into its fullness. So whether its the image of a person you really love and trust embracing you, or imagining a more formless loving presence with light and warmth, it wakes up that experience.

EE: I love your description of using all of our senseswhy exclude any of them, right?

TB: Some sensory modalities are more well developed than others. If a person who is primarily auditory is trying visualization, they will be groping around. For a person thats very kinesthetic, having them put their hand on the heart is really helpful. Sometimes its best to have a person use a modality they dont use very much because that opens up other parts of their brain and sensitivity. My instructions to people are to make practices an experiment. Ask yourself the question: What ways of paying attention help me to wake up a feeling of love? And then customize your practice to make it your own.

EE: And what we need could change day to day, right?

TB: Thats a fabulous point. We know we can get into a habit of doing a loving-kindness practice a certain way, and then it gets rote and it loses some of its freshness and power. So its very good to mix it up.

EE: There are many useful practices in your book. The one that really stuck out to me was the if only reflection. Can you talk about it a bit?

TB: Theres a phrase, if only mind. Without actually saying it to ourselves, it directs our way of moving through the day: If only this would happen, if only I lost the 10 pounds, if only I could get a promotion, if only so and so would treat me differently.

We dont realize how many moments of our life, on some level, are being driven by this sense that we want life different; were hoping the next moment will provide what this moment does not. It happens both on the larger landscape of our life If only I could have the right partnerand also happens during the day, If only I could get a cup of coffee, or get finished with all my emails, and so on. This is so powerful because its a trance, were leaning in the future, were on our way somewhere else.

A big realization we can explore in this practice is that when were suffering, its because in some way we feel like somethings wrong or missing in the present moment; were at odds with reality. Thus recognizing if only mind helps us come into relationship with the present moment.

In Radical Compassion, I offer a lot of reflections to bring unconscious habits that keep us in trance into the light of awareness. If we bring if only mind into awareness, we have the chance to open our hearts more fully to the life thats right here.

EE: You are not a monastic living away from the world; you are very much in the world. How do you keep up your practice with all the demands of your everyday life?

TB: First off, my commitment to practice doesnt come out of a kind of a rigidity, or a sense of should. I actually love practicing. I love love, and I love truth, and so Im pretty motivated. My life is very demanding, so I have set for myself some guidelines that work. One of them is that I dont do technology until after Ive already walked out in the woods by the river and done my sitting. Similarly in the evening: no screens in the bedroom. So theres really an unwinding, a chance to sit and stretch and come out of virtual reality.

After my morning sit, I set intentions, such as: Let me be awake and kind through the day. And Ill build in a lot of different ways of pausing.

EE: Today, many people have never met their contemplative teacher; they only know them by books and podcasts, like me before I met you this morning. What is the role of the teacher in our practice?

TB: Teachers can be incredibly wonderful, helpful older friendsfriends that are farther on the path, so to speak. And they also can be a shadow side, where we play out all of our dependency and abuse of power. So like everything else, that relationship needs to be approached with a tremendous amount of mindfulness.

We need each other. One of the big illusions on the path is that Im a separate self trying to wake myself up. The only way we can realize our non-separateness is to realize our mutual belonging is it. Here we are, you and I, and as were exploring these spiritual questions we sense that behind our roles, the one whos looking through those eyes is no different than the one thats looking through these eyes and this heart, and that the tender place in this heart inside this body is the same field of tenderness in that other person. When we can remember that, its a far more liberating experience than if Im on my cushion with my eyes closed, thinking that Im waking up separately from others.

EE: This dovetails with lots of research that practicing a kind, helpful orientation toward others provides us with meaning. How do you make sense of two themes in contemplative practicesfinding happiness within and finding happiness through relationship with others?

TB: It can seem an opposition when we say that your true refuge is your own awakening heart, breaking the habit of thinking that we need something out there and instead finding peace and wisdom and infinite tenderness right here. Im always already here, and thats true.

The more we open to that, the more we discover that that place of refuge is really a shared field. Were really connecting with the larger belonging, its not myself that is OK. It actually relaxes into sensing we the collective.

When we go inward and become profoundly present to the love thats right here, we can also sense our relatedness and sense our mutual belonging. Either way, were still discovering whats beyond the separate self.

The more we learn to relate to our inner life with compassion and embodied presence, the more that compassion and embodied presence naturally includes everyone else. They go both ways. Its all about just relationshiprelating to life right here, relating to this life between others.

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How to Go Through Life with Love in Your Heart - Greater Good Science Center at UC Berkeley

Fox News Is Losing Its Mind Over John Bolton – Mother Jones

For hours upon hours on Monday, Donald Trumps lawyers presented their case against removing the president from office over the Ukraine scandal. In doing so, they have danced around a major new revelationthat, in a draft of a forthcoming book, former national security adviser John Bolton reportedly wrote that Trump told him he wanted to withhold vital military aid from Ukraine until that country helped investigate Trumps political rivals, including the Bidens.

But over at Fox, host Lou Dobbs was more blunt. He explained to his audience how Boltonyes, that John Boltonhad become a tool for the Left.

You can watch part of the surreal segment below:

As my colleague Dan Friedman pointed out, Trump attorney Jay Sekulow noted during his arguments before the Senate that not a single witness testified that the president himself said that there was any connection between any investigations and security assistance. Thats a central part of Trumps defense, and it looks like it might collapse entirely if Bolton is subpoenaed to testify. No wonder Dobbs is upset.

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Fox News Is Losing Its Mind Over John Bolton - Mother Jones

Animal welfare expert Temple Grandin: Creative problem-solving takes visual minds – GreenBiz

Animal behaviorist Temple Grandin designed the humane handling systems used at half the cattle-processing facilities in the United States. An autistic person, she is often described as the voice for those who are sometimes challenged to be heard.

Grandins in-the-field research on the welfare of cattle and pigs spans close to five decades and has earned her numerous accolades, including recognition as a Time person of the year in 2010 and an HBO biopic with actress Claire Danes portraying her.

She is a prolific inventor: she dreamed up both the "squeeze box" (a calming device sometimes used by autistic people who crave touch; it "hugs" them) and a series of livestock handling devices, such as the center track restraint system.

But her engagement with McDonalds motivated to address the conditions at its slaughterhouses really brought her work to the attention of the corporate sustainability movement.

I'm totally visual thinker. When you look at problems visually, you tend to look at them very simply. If you think about them in words, it sometimes gets extremely complicated.

GreenBiz Editorial Director Heather Clancy spoke with Grandin about the collaborative nature of creative problem solving, the promise of regenerative agriculture and the state of animal welfare. The interview was edited for clarity and length.

Heather Clancy: In your latest book, "Calling All Minds," you chronicle the complex process of innovation. Your thesis is that it takes a combination of thinkers to surface and deliver on breakthrough ideas. Why are visual thinkers so important as part of that process?

Temple Grandin: Well, visual thinkers are able to see ways to solve problems, because they can visualize it in their mind. They can also see risks. In engineering-type things, mathematicians tend to calculate risk. Visual thinkers can see it. And I think visual thinking is actually involved in common sense.

We talk about using common sense, but one of the problems today is that schools have taken out all the hands-on classes art and sewing and woodworking and metalworking and mechanics. The other big problem we have is that visual thinkers can't pass algebra, but the thing is, you need visual thinkers.

I'm totally a visual thinker. When you look at problems visually, you tend to look at them very simply. If you think about them in words, it sometimes gets extremely complicated.

Clancy: But you need all the sorts of thinkers to come up with a solution?

Grandin: Well, yes, you do. Like for example, let's take the iPhone, for example. [Late Apple co-founder] Steve Jobs was an artist. He made an interface that was easy to use, but the engineers had to make the phone actually work. That's the different thinkers working together.

Clancy: You are a vocal proponent of trades where people use their hands. How can a large company better support the experiential education that we need for the development of these sorts of skills?

Grandin: In the meat industry and many other factories, there's a huge shortage of maintenance people what I call the clever engineering department. That'd be things like elevators, and that would also be a lot of the specialized equipment in something like a poultry processing plant.

And the reason why we lost those skills is we took out the skilled trades in schools 25 years ago, and these kids are just getting shunted into special ed instead of inventing things like equipment or inventing ways to improve the environment for other things. We need all the different kinds of thinkers, and right now in the U.S., we've got a gigantic shortage of mechanics. These are good jobs that are not going to get replaced by computers. The people who'd better watch out are things like the internist doctor or the radiologist. Theyre going to get replaced by a computer way before a mechanic to fix something is going to get replaced.

Clancy: You've been consulting with livestock companies for decades. These companies, these organizations have had to reteach some of these concepts, right?

Grandin: When I first started working on cattle handling equipment, one of the mistakes I made when I was in my 20s, and a lot of engineers make this mistake, is they think they can fix everything with technology. Well, I learned that technology doesn't replace management. It's just that simple.

One of the things I did that probably made the biggest difference was when I worked with McDonald's and Wendy's on implementing animal welfare systems at slaughter plants. We used a very, very simple assessment tool. We'd measure things like stunning efficacy on the first shot, falling down, cattle mooing and vocalizing during electric prod use.

The thing that you've got to figure out, it's what are the critical control points to measure. What's really important?

I'm using the same principle as traffic laws. Traffic laws work pretty well. Probably your three most important ones drunken driving, speeding and running stop signs and red lights and then I'd throw in texting and seat belts. Those would be the five critical control points. When you think about it visually, it's not abstract. It's very specific. That simple scoring system has been used around the world now, and it really does work.

I think it's hard for some people that think in language to imagine that sometimes you should just score five things

The first thing that people need to understand is you do have different kinds of minds. And I talk about that in my book "The Autistic Brain." You've got the visual thinker or object visualizer. Then you've got the more mathematical pattern thinker. These are going to be your computer programmers, your engineers, also musicians. Then you have people that are strictly word thinkers, and there are some people that think so much in words, they have no visual thinking at all. That kind of a person does exist, but they are rare.

Most people have a kind of a mixture of the different things. But the skills complement each other. We need our visual thinkers to prevent messes like the Boeing Max mess and Fukushima. These are problems I would have visualized I would have seen water coming over the seawall and drowning the emergency cooling pump.

What I've learned about the mathematical mind is it doesn't see it. It calculates the risk. I can't design a nuclear power plant, but maybe I need to be working on its safety systems.

Clancy: Assess how far has the meat industry come on core animal welfare and humane issues.

Grandin: They've come a long way. I'm not going to say they're perfect, but I've been in this industry for 47 years, and in the '80s and the early '90s, the industry was just terrible. I'm not going to defend anything they did at that time.

And then the big food safety problem [emerged] in the early '90s, and McDonald's and other companies like that got all over that. Then in 1999, I was hired to train the food safety auditors to do the animal welfare audits. Within one year, I saw more change than I'd seen in my whole entire career.

And we didn't have to rebuild the plants. It was mostly simple things. Maintenance of equipment, non-slip flooring, adding lights and moving lights to control what animals were seeing because they don't like walking into the dark and training and supervision of people.

Out of 75 plants, only three had to build something expensive. I'm very proud of that. We made some older facilities work.

Clancy: The farming sector is talking a lot about regenerative agriculture, including practices like rotational grazing. What advice would you give to farmers that are incorporating more livestock into their operations about how to do so more humanely?

Grandin: Well, I would work at it slowly. Don't get in 1,000 cattle at one time. Work into it slowly. I am a big believer of regenerative agriculture. I've reviewed a lot of literature on this. In fact, right now, I'm updating my book "Improving Animal Welfare: A Practical Approach" for the chapter on sustainability. And we've got to go to crop rotation.

The problem that you have with monoculture, just growing the same crop over and over again, it works really well in the short term, but in the long term, it wrecks the ground and wrecks the crops, too. In the long term, it doesn't work, and we've got to be getting crop rotation.

One of the rotations needs to be livestock grazing a cover crop. We also have got a lot of rangeland where you can't grow crops, and we need to be working on using it sustainably. And some family ranchers are already doing that.

But the animals are part of the land. Three years ago, we had a crop scientist come to our animal science department to talk to us, and I learned for the first time that the very best agricultural land in Iowa and Illinois was created by herds of grazing bison. The grazing animal made the best cropland we had. We've got to start integrating grazing animals back in with crops.

Clancy: You talk about the importance of stretching children's minds as an integral part of their journey to adulthood. Do you advocate the same sort of thing for adults?

Grandin: Well, yes. Now what you have to do like with autistic kids, they panic if they get what I call, don't throw them in the deep end of the pool. There's a lot of things they need to work into it more gradually.

But let's say you have a crop farmer that wants to try working with livestock. Let's work into it gradually, one field maybe 50 head of stock or something like that. Let's work into it slowly and learn it, so you don't have a big mess.

You see, now I see it. I see it. And then we've got the issue of the crop fields don't have any perimeter fences, and then you've got issues of the cattle getting on the highway, which is very bad results. But work into it slowly, so they learn it.

In looking at guidance on stuff like sustainability, I think in a lot of cases, it's easier to specify to someone in a supply chain what not to do.

You see, it's important to have economic incentives. When I worked with McDonald's and Wendy's on animal welfare, the economic incentive was if the plant didn't get fixed, they would be kicked off the approved supplier list. That was a huge motivator. And the other thing that was good is the scoring system was extremely objective. Right up front, the manager of that plant knew what they had to do. It was not vague. It didn't have things in there like handle cattle calmly. What does that mean? Or handle cattle properly. I don't know what that means.

If you had more than 1 percent of the animals fall down, or 3 percent of the cattle bellowing when you were handling them, you failed the audit. And it was like traffic rules, really objective.

I think another thing, in looking at guidance on stuff like sustainability, I think in a lot of cases, it's easier to specify to someone in a supply chain what not to do. You don't drain your manure into the river, for example. You don't drain an aquifer. You know, this is an example of something, what not to do.

Also, in animal welfare, we've got seven acts of abuse that you never do, the automatic failure of an audit if you did things like dragging animals around when they're conscious. You do that, you're going to fail the audit. It's very clear.

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Animal welfare expert Temple Grandin: Creative problem-solving takes visual minds - GreenBiz

Grum Discusses Deep State Recordings and What’s to Come in 2020 – EDM Identity

After unveiling the first release on Deep State Recordings GRUM stopped by to chat about the new imprint and whats to come in the future!

If you love the sound of progressive house then theres no doubt that GRUM is an artist who should be on your radar. Known for his skills both in the studio and behind the decks, hes been pushing the boundaries of the style with his stunning releases that commonly found a home in the Anjuna Family.

Now, after releasing his long-awaited albumDeep State on Anjunabeats and launching a radio show that bears the same name last year, hes kicked off 2020 with even more exciting news. Thats right, GRUM has unveiled Deep State Recordings, a new imprint that will be a home for all things progressive. He launched the label with a solid, two-track EP from emerging artist KANE to really pack a punch and start it off on the right foot.

Related: Want to dive deeper into Deep State? Check out our review of the album and find out why it was one of the best releases in 2019!

With Deep State Recordings in full swing and plenty more in store on the horizon, we caught up with GRUM to discuss where he plans to take the label and more. Listen to the latest episode of Deep State Radio below and read on for the full chat!

Thank you! Having my own label is something Ive always wanted to do, and with the album finally out the timing just felt right to do it and try and build upon that. It will be an outlet for mostly underground progressive music I love.

Ive been friends with Kane for a good few years now. Hes been working away with various different music projects and Ive always admired his passion and enthusiasm. He initially sent over Days Like These and I felt it would be a great first release. Its quite bold and different but fits with what I want to do with the label.

Yes, that was a very difficult time, especially since I was put in a situation I was not responsible for. Thankfully we managed to get it sorted out. I was obviously very glad to finally get the album out it was a relief, and really looking forward to moving on.

The radio show was another thing Id always wanted to do. Its really just a mixture of electronic music Im loving each month, from deeper prog to more banging stuff. Im also dropping in a few edits and remakes I create for my sets, which are exclusive to the show. I also talk a bit in the show, which isnt really something that comes naturally to me, although I am enjoying that challenge!

I will always love sampling and the idea of creating something new from something else. But yes, at the moment in terms of official releases its all about creating something entirely new and really putting my stamp on what I do.

My advice is always just to do what you love, whether its trendy or not. Following your own path may feel a bit like being an outsider, but if the music is great people will always come round to it, I think. Kane mentioned above is a good example of that.

In some ways, yes, people want to get to know you a little and I think thats ok. But there is such a thing as giving too much away. Growing up, the thought didnt cross my mind about what the Chemical Brothers were having for dinner.

My career really is my whole life, its hard to do it any other way. But, I do really want to read more books!

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Grum Discusses Deep State Recordings and What's to Come in 2020 - EDM Identity

DeepMind Discovers New Correlation Between Neuroscience and AI – Analytics Insight

We usually hear a lot about human-level AI or artificial intelligence but little do we realize that the human mind and AI are actually quite interlinked. The brains neural network and artificial neural network possess some similarities between themselves. Both are trained on data, while the brain learns from real-life data and experiences involuntarily, AI neural networks are trained purposely with gathered data voluntarily. Both respond in accordance with the learnings they have received. Moreover, with the advancement in technology AI has begun to learn and evolve on its own which is quite similar to the regular evolution of the human brain.

However, they do have tons of differentiation as well, but when it comes to neuroscience and AI, they are way more connected than one could ever wonder.

AI is more linked to dopamine-reinforced learning than you may think. DeepMind AI published a blog post on their discovery that the human brain and AI learning methods are closely linked when it comes to learning through reward.

Computer scientists have developed algorithms for reinforcement learning in artificial systems. These algorithms enable AI systems to learn complex strategies without external instruction, guided instead by reward predictions.

As noted by the post, a recent development in computer science which yields significant improvements in performance on reinforcement learning problems may provide a deep, parsimonious explanation for several previously unexplained features of reward learning in the brain, and opens up new avenues of research into the brains dopamine system, with potential implications for learning and motivation disorders.

DeepMind found that dopamine neurons in the brain were each tuned to different levels of pessimism or optimism. If they were a choir, they wouldnt all be singing the same note, but harmonizing each with a consistent vocal register, like bass and soprano singers. In artificial reinforcement learning systems, this diverse tuning creates a richer training signal that greatly speeds learning in neural networks, and researchers speculate that the brain might use it for the same reason.

The existence of distributional reinforcement learning in the brain has interesting implications both for AI and neuroscience. Firstly, this discovery validates distributional reinforcement learning it gives researchers increased confidence that AI research is on the right track since this algorithm is already being used in the most intelligent entity they are aware of: the brain.

Secondly, it raises new questions for neuroscience and new insights for understanding mental health and motivation. What happens if an individuals brain listens selectively to optimistic versus pessimistic dopamine neurons? Does this give rise to impulsivity or depression? A strength of the brain is its powerful representations how are these sculpted by distributional learning? Once an animal learns about the distribution of rewards, how is that representation used downstream? How does the variability of optimism across dopamine cells relate to other known forms of diversity in the brain?

Finally, DeepMind hopes that asking and answering these questions will stimulate progress in neuroscience that will feed back to benefit AI research, completing the virtuous circle.

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Smriti is a Content Analyst at Analytics Insight. She writes Tech/Business articles for Analytics Insight. Her creative work can be confirmed @analyticsinsight.net. She adores crushing over books, crafts, creative works and people, movies and music from eternity!!

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DeepMind Discovers New Correlation Between Neuroscience and AI - Analytics Insight

Q&A: AI and the Future of Your Mind – UConn Today

Susan Schneider, associate professor of philosophy and cognitive science and director of the AI, Mind and Society (AIMS) Group at UConn, has gained a national and international reputation for her writing on the philosophical implications of artificial intelligence (AI). She writes about the nature of the self and mind, AI, cognitive science, and astrobiology in publications including the New York Times, Scientific American, and The Financial Times and her work has been widely discussed in the media, such as Science, Big Think, Nautilus, Discover, and Smithsonian. She was named NASA-Baruch Blumberg Chair for the Library of Congress and NASA and also holds the Distinguished Scholar Chair at the Library of Congress. In her new book, Artificial You: AI and the Future of Your Mind (Princeton University Press, 2019), she examines the implications of advances in artificial intelligence technology for the future of the human mind.

Q: What is the focus of your newest book?

A: This book is about the future of the mind. It explores the nature of the self and consciousness in a not so distant future, using todays work in artificial intelligence and brain enhancement technologies. Consciousness is the felt quality to experiencewhat it feels like to be you. When you smell the aroma of your morning coffee, hear the sound of a Bach concerto, or feel pain, you are having conscious experience. Indeed, every moment of your waking life, and even when you dream, it feels like something from the inside to be you. This book asks: assuming we build highly sophisticated artificial intelligences at some point in the future, would they be conscious beings? Further, how would we detect consciousness in machines? These questions are addressed in the first half the book. The second half of the book is on the nature of the self. I illustrate that AI isnt just going to change the world around us. Its going to go inside the head, changing the human mind itself, but Im concerned about the potential uses of invasive AI components inside of our heads. I urge that we need to understand deep philosophical questions about the self, consciousness, and the mind before we start playing with fire and start replacing parts of our brains with artificial components. When it comes to the self and mind, we are faced with vexing philosophical questions that have no easy solution.

Q: You report about such experimentation with neural implants for things like Alzheimers disease but return to the question of, if theres an artificial intelligence when does it become aware of itself?

A: There are all kinds of impressive medical technologies underway, and Im very supportive of the use of invasive brain chips to help individuals with radical memory loss or locked in syndrome, in which individuals entirely lose their ability to move. I think innovations to help these people are important and exciting. What I get worried about, though, is the idea that humans should engage in widespread and invasive AI-based enhancement of their brains. For instance, Elon Musk has recently declared that we will eventually need to keep up with super-intelligent AI a hypothetical form of AI that vastly outsmarts us and we need to do that by enhancing our brains. He also thinks doing so will help us keep up with technological unemployment that many economists claim will happen because AI will outmode us in the workforce. Musk and others talk about merging with AI and I through gradually augmenting intelligence with AI technology until, in the end of the day, we are essentially AIs ourselves. Musk has recently founded a company to do this, and Facebook and Kernal are also working on this. But I argue in the book and in op-eds for the New York Times and the Financial Times that the idea we could truly merge with artificial intelligence in the ways that a lot of tech gurus and transhumanists advocate is actually not philosophically well-founded. We have to think things through more carefully

Q: You use examples of AI from science fiction, including one with the Star Trek: Next Generation character Lt. Commander Data, who is under attack on a planet and he uploads his brains memories to a computer on the Enterprise. You ask: Will he still be the same Data that he was before being destroyed? Will he really survive?

A: I think people assume that AIs will have the capacity to be immortal because they can just keep uploading and downloading copies of themselves whenever they are in a jam. By this they mean the android be practically immortal, living until the end of the universe. This makes them almost God-like. I am skeptical. In the book I use the Data example to illustrate that if Data found out that he was on a planet that was about to be destroyed, he couldnt upload and genuinely survive. I think the idea that you could transfer your thoughts to a different format and still be you, surviving impending death, is conceptually flawed. It is flawed in both the human case and the case of androids. Believe it or not, there are advocates of uploading the human brain to survive death at places like the Oxford Future of Humanity Institute. I am skeptical.

Q: One of the points that you make in the book is that we have come far technologically but havent heard anything yet from an alien culture. You suggest we should prepare for alien contact by including the involvement of sociologists and anthropologists and philosophers.

As the NASA chair at NASA and the Library of Congress, I love to think about the Fermi paradox, which is the question: Given the vast size of the universe, where is all the intelligent life? Where is everybody? Nowadays, the question can be framed in terms of all of the intriguing exoplanet research that identifies habitable planets throughout the universe, but are these exoplanets actually inhabited (not just inhabitable), and if they are inhabited, does life survive into technological majority? Or are we alone? Why havent we heard anything? To the extent that we even do find life out there, my guess is that we will first find microbial life. Theres dozens of gloriously fun answers to the Fermi paradox.

Q: In the work that youre doing with Congress, what kinds of questions are you being asked and what we should be thinking about going forward with all this technology?

Theres been a lot of concern over the last few years about deep fake videos. Nobody likes it; your career could be ruined by a deep fake video that has you saying something really rotten that you never said. Algorithmic discrimination is a big issue, the fact that algorithms that are based on deep learning technologies will be data-driven, so if the data itself has implicit bias, hidden biases in it, it can actually lead to a bad result which discriminates against certain groups. There are many members of Congress whove been concerned about that. Thats why we really need AI regulations. AI regulation could do tremendous work. And so I do hope we move forward on all of these issues.

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Q&A: AI and the Future of Your Mind - UConn Today

Replenish the Mind – The Catalyst

By Sam Lovett

One of Colorado Colleges biggest appeals is the location of the school itself. Whether or not you are outdoorsy, CC students are blessed with the stunning beauty of Colorado and its purple majesties every day, no matter the weather. However, despite our easy access to the mountains and natures most profound beauty, it is rather difficult for students to cut out time in their day to get outside for that hike, ski, bike ride, or walk because of our schools academic rigor. Because of this intensity, students are offered a four-day break after every three and a half weeks to finally enjoy the outside. While most students love the block break there is still a need to replenish during the block, and not just save up for the break.

Therefore, it is important to gain a deeper understanding of why replenishing the mind and taking breaks between working and studying is vital for keeping a steady pace on the block plan rather than just crashing at the end of the four weeks each month. Without breaks, students cannot refuel their energy as fourth week approaches, and then the predicted domino effect happens. It is, of course, difficult to allocate free time during the hustle and bustle of CC life: otherwise, there would be no need for this article. But there is hope.

Take advantage of the sun, even if its cold grab a coat and go outside for three to five minutes at least. The cool, fresh air and the beating sun replenishes your mind and your physical body or rather, serves as a temporary reset. And make sure to plan designated times to take this break. It does not matter how much you have or have not done. Stick with the plan.

But if going outside is inaccessible, way too cold, or impossible for any other reason, I offer a couple of other options. Still sticking to your schedule of planned breaks, make sure to stand up and walk around. When your body is in one position for too long, your muscles tend to weaken, causing you to slump over. Even consider doing some stretches. Lowering your head below your heart is wonderful for getting new oxygen and blood flow in the brain. I wrote about the following stretches in a previous article but wanted to bring them back to reiterate some ideas for stretching.

I love to do whats called a good morning stretch. Bring your arms over your head and point your toes. Squeeze every part of your body for three seconds and then let go. This stretch is simple, but it brings new oxygen in the blood, giving your body a chance to become more alert.

Bring your feet hip width distance apart and bend your knees a lot. Tuck your chin and slowly reach your fingertips to the ground. The goal is not for you to touch your hands to the ground with your legs straight, but instead to lengthen the spine and bring the chest to the thighs. Once you feel your hamstrings relax, release your head (shake yes and no), and grab both elbows. This time, you can straighten the legs if that feels good to you. Sway your arms back and forth to lubricate the spine. When ready to come back up, bring your hands to your thighs, tuck your chin, and slowly rise up. Give yourself a moment to become stable. Take a deep breath in and out.

Now that you are standing, reach both arms up to the ceiling, and take a micro backbend by arching your back. Your spine should be warmed up enough from the forward fold, but still, be mindful. If you feel lightheaded, know that it completely normal and should feel refreshing once the feeling has settled.

Do what works best for you and keep to your schedule to fully replenish the mind dont save it all for your block break!

Excerpt from:
Replenish the Mind - The Catalyst

The best advice that no one listens to – Ladders

If you are the smartest person in the room, then you are in the wrong room. Confucius

If you are like me (and most people), you probably love helping others. It feels great to lend a hand to a friend or co-worker. And feeling proud they solved their problemsbecauseof our contribution.

We all love giving advice. We have the perfect solution to every problem except our own.

Thats the problem with helping others; it can quickly turn into an ego-booster instead of an altruistic act.

Most advice is useless.It pleases the provider more than the receiver. Its created based on ones expectations, not on understanding others.

The best advice lies in the eye of the beholder, not yours.

Dont ever take a fence down until you know why it was put up. Robert Frost

Everyone needs help to solve their problems. But that doesnt mean they are open to listening or, even willing to, follow what you recommend.

I know, its tempting. When someone has a problem, we feel the need to chime in. The other person becomes a victim we want to rescue.You should do XorHave you tried this? We immediately suggest.We all fall into that trap. I have to remind myself continually: unsolicited advice doesnt work.

Dont spam people with your words of wisdom.

Keep this in mind when you are the one looking for advice. Offering something that people did not request is pushy. Your advice will go automatically to the junk box. That your help is free doesnt mean others will pay attention.

Getting into someone elses business is delicate the moment we start assuming, people feel judged.

When people open the door of their confidence, tread carefully. You could jeopardize the trust that person has on you. If you jump too fast into a conclusion, a friend can feel that you dont know her that well. Or that the advice you are providing is neither relevant to her nor genuine.

In most cases, when people say they want to talk to you is becausetheywant to do the talking. Your role is to listen, not to take over.

Your advice only works in one case: when someone asks for it.

Even if one of your friends shares plenty of details about a situation they are facing that doesnt mean they want any advice from you. Dont jump into that conclusion. We are wired to believe that, when people open up their hearts, is because they needourhelp.

Some folks just want to talk.

Sharing helps some people let go of the pain. For others, talking facilitates self-reflection. Conversations help understand whats really going on.

Listening can be more effective than any advice. Having someone you can lean on is comforting. If your partner is going through hard times, lending an ear can mean everything for her/him.

If a colleague just expects you to be a sounding board, be okay with it.

If you are the smartest person in the room, then you are in the wrong room. Confucius

People dont care about your advice. Or mine either.

Dont fall into the trap of thinking that your advice is wisdom. You can share your experiences or knowledge, but you cant impart wisdom its an internal experience.

By trying to be smart, we can create more damage.

No one wants to be reminded of our weaknesses especially during harsh times. When you behave like a know-it-all, you make others feel more miserable.

Knowledge blindness makes us feel overconfident until others prove us wrong.

It happens to me. Most consultants and motivational writers suffer from illusory superiority too. This belief that we are smarter than we actually are is a common cognitive bias called the DunningKruger effect.

I see this a lot when coaching teams managers want to be the hero. They act like if they have all the answers. Even if they have good intentions, they hurt rather than help their teams. Great managerslead with questions, not perfect answers.

J.R.R. Tolkien said, Advice is a dangerous gift, even from the wise to the wise, and all courses may run ill.

People dont need a superhero when they are suffering. Vulnerability always pays off empathy is your best superpower. Theres a thin line between trying to help and having all the answers. We should purposefully avoid crossing it especially when writing about giving advice

Never miss a good chance to shut up. Will Rogers

Sometimes, the best advice you can give is NOT providing any at all.

Staying silent is more effective than providing unsolicited advice. Be a helper, not a hero. Focus on listening and understanding whats going through the other persons mind.

Its better to be a good listener than giving advice no one will follow.

The best advice is being empathetic to the person that needs help. Practice walking in the other persons shoes, rather than expecting others to walk in yours.

Advice giving is like walking on eggshells. Regardless if your coworker is unhappy with her job or your best friend is going through a breakup you take sides when you give advice. People can think you arejudgmental.

Empathy is critical when people get defensive, they stop listening.

Samuel Taylor Coleridge said, Advice is like snow the softer it falls, the longer it dwells upon, and the deeper it sinks into the mind.

Avoid theIf I were you, I wouldYou arenotthem. Empathy doesnt mean you know how people would behave, but understanding their emotions. One situation can trigger multiple reactions dont assume others see life through your same lens.

Your role is not to imposeyourperspective, but to help people find a solution that worksfor them. Questions provoke reflection and understanding learn to askbeautiful questions,as I wrote here.

Listening requires an open mind. Even if you are staying silent, you cant help someone if, deep inside your mind, you are judging their emotions or behaviors.

Knowledge speaks, but wisdom listens. Jimi Hendrix

1. Clarify expectations:

When someone asks for your help or says that want to talk to you, clarify what they expect from you. You dont need to be overly explicit but asking sure, what do YOU need? will help you realize clear expectations.

2. Listen first:

Silence your advice. Dont ask questions yet. Even if you dont understand some details of the story. Let the other person unload their emotions and issues first. You can take notes or write down questions, so you dont get distracted.

3. Help with questions:

Providing clarity is the best advice. Whats going on? or How do you feel? are great ways to start. Open questions invite participation theres no right or wrong answer.

4. Reframe the problem:

Before discussing a course of action, the person must understand what he/she is going through. Most people cant find a solution because they cant separate details from therealproblem.What would you like to happen? This question drives focus. Any advice should enable the transformation the other person expects.

5. Brainstorm together:

Have a conversation rather than a monologue. I tend to brainstorm too fast so; when Im talking too much, I call myself out. Its a great reminder to the other person that you want to have a dialogue. Let the other person build on your ideas and provide new ones. Invite them to challenge your solutions.

6. Provide options, not one solution:

This is what you need to do is how conversations get stuck. Acting from an Illusory Superiority disengages other people. Find several options rather than pushing for the one you like the most. Then, encourage the other person to evaluate the pros and cons. Remember, solutions should be evaluated through the eyes of the other person, not yours.

7. Avoid the trap of If I were you.

Problems are personal; the same applies to find the right solution. Its not you who are facing the problem. Even if they ask you what you would do, push back. Help your colleague keep in mind that shes the one with the problem, not you. She needs to own her decisions.

People want to talk to you, not to listen to your advice. Dont assume they are looking for you to say something. Bite your tongue. Unsolicited advice doesnt work.

The best advice comes in the form of questions and listening to pay attention is your best help. Listen to others. Ask questions. Help people find a solution that will work for them.

No one pays attention to your advice, but everyone will appreciate your full attention.

Gustavo Razzettiis a change instigator thathelps organizationslead positive change. Author, Consultant, and Speaker on team building and cultural transformation.

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The best advice that no one listens to - Ladders

The Wood Brothers Release New Album, ‘Kingdom In My Mind’ [Listen] – Live for Live Music

Kingdom in My Mind, the new album from Grammy-nominated Americana trioThe Wood Brothers, arrives today viaHoney Jar/ThirtyTigers. The band will support the new release with an extensive world tour.

Recorded over a series of freewheeling, improvised sessions, Kingdom in My Mind is the bands most spontaneous and experimental work yet. The 11-track effort is a reckoning with circumstance, mortality, and human nature. The material finds strength in accepting what lies beyond our control as it hones in on the bittersweet beauty that underlies doubt and pain and sadness with vivid character studies and unflinching self-examination. While the lyrics dig deep, the arrangements are buoyant and transportive, drawing from a broad sonic and stylistic spectrum.

Related: The Wood Brothers Play For Jam In The Van Series [Videos]

We all have these little kingdoms inside of our minds, says Chris Wood. And without really planning it out, the songs on this album all ended up exploring that idea in some way or another. They look at the ways we deal with our dreams and our regrets and our fears and our loves.

On past albums, the bandwhich features brothers Chris and Oliver Wood along with Jano Rixwould write a batch of songs and then deliberately set out to record them. When it came to making Kingdom in My Mind, however, they began the process without even realizing it. At the time, the trio thought they were simply breaking in their new Nashville recording studio/rehearsal space, tracking a series of extended instrumental jam sessions as a way to test drive the facility.

We werent performing songs, continues Oliver. We were just improvising and letting the music dictate everything. Somebody would start playing, and then wed all jump into the groove with them and see where it went. Normally when recording, youre thinking about your parts and your performances, but with these sessions, we were just reacting to each other and having fun in the moment.

After listening back, the trio realized there was something undeniably alive and uninhibited in what they captured. So, like a sculptor chipping away at a block of marble, Chris took the sprawling improvisations and carefully chiseled out verses and choruses and bridges and solos until distinctive songs began to take shape. From there, the brothers divvied up the material that spoke to them most, penning lyrics both separately and together as they pondered what it takes to know contentment in our chaotic and confusing world.

You can listen toKingdom in My Mind byThe Wood Brothers in its entirety below or stream it on the platform of your choice here:

The Wood Brothers Kingdom in My Mind Full Album

The Wood Brothers are preparing to head out on the road in support of the new LP. Their tour will begin on January 29th atRams Head Livein Baltimore, MD ahead of a two-night run at New YorksWebster Hall on January 30th and 31st.

See below for a full list of upcoming dates. For more information and ticketing details, head to the bands website.

The Wood Brothers 2020 Tour Dates

1/29 Baltimore, MD Rams Head Live ^1/30 New York, NY Webster Hall ^1/31 New York, NY Webster Hall ^2/1 Philadelphia, PA The Fillmore ^2/3 Toronto, Canada Mod Club Theatre ^ (Sold Out)2/5 Rochester, NY Kodak Center ^2/6 Burlington, VT Flynn Center for the Performing Arts ^2/7 New Haven, CT College Street Music Hall ^2/8 Albany, NY Palace Theatre ^2/9 State College, PA The State Theatre ^2/11 McKees Rocks, PA Roxian Theatre ^2/12 Richmond, VA The National ^2/13 Chattanooga, TN Walker Theatre ^2/14 Nashville, TN The Ryman ^2/27 3/1 Punta Cana, DR Avett Brothers at the Beach (Sold Out)3/4 Phoenix, AZ The Crescent Ballroom *3/5 Los Angeles, CA The Regent *3/6 Santa Barbara, CA Campbell Hall *3/7 Oakland, CA Fox Theater *3/8 Eureka, CA Arkley Center for the Performing Arts *3/10 Eugene, OR McDonald Theater *3/11 Kirkland, WA Kirkland Performance Center *3/12 Portland, OR Crystal Ballroom *3/13 Vancouver, BC Imperial *4/2 Knoxville, TN Bijou Theatre4/3 Knoxville, TN Bijou Theatre4/4 Chicago, IL Riviera Theatre4/5 Milwaukee, WI Pabst Theatre4/7 Detroit, MI Majestic Theatre4/8 Columbus, OH Southern Theatre4/9 Asheville, NC The Orange Peel4/10 Asheville, NC The Orange Peel4/11 Asheville, NC The Orange Peel5/22 Chillicothe, IL Summer Camp Music Festival5/29 Charleston, SC Spoleto Festival6/4-6 Oak Hill, WV Mountain Music Festival6/27 Laytonville, CA Black Oak Ranch

^ w/ Kat Wright* w/ Birds of Chicago

View Tour Dates

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The Wood Brothers Release New Album, 'Kingdom In My Mind' [Listen] - Live for Live Music