Category Archives: Quantum Computing
Six faculty elected to National Academy of Sciences – Stanford Today – Stanford University News
Six Stanford University researchers are among the 120 newly elected members of the National Academy of Sciences. Scientists are elected to the NAS by their peers.
The six Stanford faculty members newly elected to the National Academy of Sciences. (Image credit: Andrew Brodhead)
The new members from Stanford are Savas Dimopoulos, the Hamamoto Family Professor and professor of physics in the School of Humanities and Sciences; Daniel Freedman, a visiting professor at theStanford Institute for Theoretical Physics (SITP) and professor of applied mathematics and theoretical physics, emeritus, at MIT; Judith Frydman, professor of biology and the Donald Kennedy Chair in the School of Humanities and Sciences, and professor of genetics in the Stanford School of Medicine; Kathryn A. Kam Moler, vice provost and dean of research, and the Marvin Chodorow Professor and professor of applied physics and of physics in the School of Humanities and Sciences; Tirin Moore, professor of neurobiology in the Stanford School of Medicine; and John Rickford, professor of linguistics and the J.E. Wallace Sterling Professor in the Humanities, emeritus, in the School of Humanities and Sciences.
Savas Dimopoulos collaborates on a number of experiments that use the dramatic advances in atom interferometry to do fundamental physics. These include testing Einsteins theory of general relativity to fifteen decimal precision, atom neutrality to thirty decimals, and looking for modifications of quantum mechanics. He is also designing an atom-interferometric gravity-wave detector that will allow us to look at the universe with gravity waves instead of light.
Daniel Freedmans research is in quantum field theory, quantum gravity and string theory with an emphasis on the role of supersymmetry. Freedman, along with physicists Sergio Ferrara and Peter van Nieuwenhuizen, developed the theory of supergravity. A combination of the principles of supersymmetry and general relatively, supergravity is a deeply influential blueprint for unifying all of natures fundamental interactions.
Judith Frydman uses a multidisciplinary approach to address fundamental questions about protein folding and degradation, and molecular chaperones, which help facilitate protein folding. In addition, this work aims to define how impairment of cellular folding and quality control are linked to disease, including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, and examine whether reengineering chaperone networks can provide therapeutic strategies.
Kam Molers research involves developing new tools to measure magnetic properties of quantum materials and devices on micron length-scales. These tools can then be used to investigate fundamental materials physics, superconducting devices and exotic Josephson effects a phenomenon in superconductors that shows promise for quantum computing.
Tirin Moore studies the activity of single neurons and populations of neurons in areas of the brain that relate to visual and motor functions. His lab explores the consequences of changes in that activity and aims to develop innovative approaches to fundamental problems in systems and circuit-level neuroscience.
John Rickfords research and teaching are focused on sociolinguistics the relation between linguistic variation and change and social structure. He is especially interested in the relation between language and ethnicity, social class and style, language variation and change, pidgin and creole languages, African American Vernacular English, and the applications of linguistics to educational problems.
The academy is a private, nonprofit institution that was created in 1863 to advise the nation on issues related to science and technology. Scholars are elected in recognition of their outstanding contributions to research. This years election brings the total of active academy members to 2,461.
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Six faculty elected to National Academy of Sciences - Stanford Today - Stanford University News
To make acquisition work, IBM can have preferences says CEO Arvind Krishna, but Red Hat cant – IT World Canada
Roughly a year after becoming Red Hats new chief executive officer, Paul Cormier took centre stage during the companys annual summit on Tuesday to dissect the open-source software giants structural combination with IBM.
It has been about two years since IBM bought Red Hat for $34 billion. And even though IBM CEO Arvind Krishna has said Red Hat Openshift is the crown jewel of IBMs plans to dominate the cloud industry, Red Hat continues to host separate channel partner programs and strategies.
I think clients have all realized that hybrid cloud is the destination, Krishna told Cormier during their joint keynote session, noting the main beneficiaries of hybrid cloud infrastructure are its enterprise and government clients that have multiple public clouds running in their offices.
IBM names new managed infrastructure business Kyndryl
These clients want to work with all hyperscalers, Krishna explained, meaning Red Hat has to meet their needs despite being tied to IBMs hip.
I always talk about how IBM might have preferences, but Red Hat cannot, he said. And to make the promise of hybridand make it really attractive and valuable for all of our clients, we have to work with all of them.
Thanks to the Red Hat effect and IBMs ongoing focus on becoming a software pipeline management and orchestration powerhouse, Big Blue finally got a taste of growth in the first quarter of 2021.
In Q1 2020, ending in March, IBMs overall revenues rose by one per cent to $17.73 billion, the first time the company has increased revenues in two years. Red Hat revenue specifically grew 17 per cent from a year ago. Cloud and cognitive software sales grew by four per cent.
IBM Global Business Services (GBS), the business consulting arm of IBM dealing mostly with software services and IT consulting, experienced a 2.4 per cent revenue increase. Cloud revenue within GBS increased by 33 per cent year-over-year. Cormier says IBM is ramping up to become the largest professional services organization around OpenShift and Red Hat products.
The Red Hat Summit featured nearly 100 sessions, and dozens were dedicated to hybrid cloud application environments. Some were led by IBMers like Hillery Hunter, VP and CTO of IBM Cloud, who dived into services like OpenShift, Red Hat Enterprise Linux and Red Hat Ansible Automation.
When Cormier asked Krishna what excited the IBM CEO the most heading into 2022, the conversation quickly shifted to quantum computing.
I think the way Linux, OpenShift and Ansible and the rest of Red Hat begin to play a role in quantum computing is super exciting, he answered.
Red Hat Summit continues today.
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To make acquisition work, IBM can have preferences says CEO Arvind Krishna, but Red Hat cant - IT World Canada
Time-Reversal Symmetry Breaking in a Superconductor – SciTechDaily
An illustration depicting a topological surface state with an energy band gap (an energy range where electrons are forbidden) between the apices of the top and corresponding bottom cones (allowed energy bands, or the range of energies electrons are allowed to have). A topological surface state is a unique electronic state, only existing at the surface of a material, that reflects strong interactions between an electrons spin (red arrow) and its orbital motion around an atoms nucleus. When the electron spins align parallel to each another, as they do here, the material has a type of magnetism called ferromagnetism. Credit: Dan Nevola, Brookhaven National Laboratory
Electrons in a solid occupy distinct energy bands separated by gaps. Energy band gaps are an electronic no mans land, an energy range where no electrons are allowed. Now, scientists studying a compound containing iron, tellurium, and selenium have found that an energy band gap opens at a point where two allowed energy bands intersect on the materials surface. They observed this unexpected electronic behavior when they cooled the material and probed its electronic structure with laser light. Their findings, reported in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, could have implications for future quantum information science and electronics.
The particular compound belongs to the family of iron-based high-temperature superconductors, which were initially discovered in 2008. These materials not only conduct electricity without resistance at relatively higher temperatures (but still very cold ones) than other classes of superconductors but also show magnetic properties.
For a while, people thought that superconductivity and magnetism would work against each other, said first author Nader Zaki, a scientific associate in theElectron Spectroscopy Groupof theCondensed Matter Physics and Materials Science (CMPMS) Division at the U.S. Department of Energys (DOE) Brookhaven National Laboratory. We have explored a material where both develop at the same time.
Aside from superconductivity and magnetism, some iron-based superconductors have the right conditions to host topological surface states. The existence of these unique electronic states, localized at the surface (they do not exist in the bulk of the material), reflects strong interactions between an electrons spin and its orbital motion around the nucleus of an atom.
When you have a superconductor with topological surface properties, youre excited by the possibility of topological superconductivity, said corresponding authorPeter Johnson, leader of the Electron Spectroscopy Group. Topological superconductivity is potentially capable of supporting Majorana fermions, which could serve as qubits, the information-storing building blocks of quantum computers.
Quantum computers promise tremendous speedups for calculations that would take an impractical amount of time or be impossible on traditional computers. One of thechallengesto realizing practical quantum computing is that qubits are highly sensitive to their environment. Small interactions cause them to lose their quantum state and thus stored information becomes lost. Theory predicts that Majorana fermions (sought-after quasiparticles) existing in superconducting topological surface states are immune to environmental disturbances, making them an ideal platform for robust qubits.
Seeing the iron-based superconductors as a platform for a range of exotic and potentially important phenomena, Zaki, Johnson, and their colleagues set out to understand the roles of topology, superconductivity and magnetism.
CMPMS Division senior physicistGenda Gufirst grew high-quality single crystals of the iron-based compound. Then, Zaki mapped the electronic band structure of the material via laser-based photoemission spectroscopy. When light from a laser is focused onto a small spot on the material, electrons from the surface are kicked out (i.e., photoemitted). The energy and momentum of these electrons can then be measured.
When they lowered the temperature, something surprising happened.
The material went superconducting, as we expected, and we saw a superconducting gap associated with that, said Zaki. But what we didnt expect was the topological surface state opening up a second gap at the Dirac point. You can picture the energy band structure of this surface state as an hourglass or two cones attached at their apex. Where these cones intersect is called the Dirac point.
As Johnson and Zaki explained, when a gap opens up at the Dirac point, its evidence that time-reversal symmetry has been broken. Time-reversal symmetry means that the laws of physics are the same whether you look at a system going forward or backward in timeakin to rewinding a video and seeing the same sequence of events playing in reverse. But under time reversal, electron spins change their direction and break this symmetry. Thus, one of the ways to break time-reversal symmetry is by developing magnetismspecifically, ferromagnetism, a type of magnetism where all electron spins align in a parallel fashion.
The system is going into the superconducting state and seemingly magnetism is developing, said Johnson. We have to assume the magnetism is in the surface region because in this form it cannot coexist in the bulk. This discovery is exciting because the material has a lot of different physics in it: superconductivity, topology, and now magnetism. I like to say its one-stop shopping. Understanding how these phenomena arise in the material could provide a basis for many new and exciting technological directions.
As previously noted, the materials superconductivity and strong spin-orbit effects could be harnessed for quantum information technologies. Alternatively, the materials magnetism and strong spin-orbit interactions could enable dissipationless (no energy loss) transport of electrical current in electronics. This capability could be leveraged to develop electronic devices that consume low amounts of power.
Coauthors Alexei Tsvelik, senior scientist and group leader of the CMPMS Division Condensed Matter Theory Group, and Congjun Wu, a professor of physics at the University of California, San Diego, provided theoretical insights on how time reversal symmetry is broken and magnetism originates in the surface region.
This discovery not only reveals deep connections between topological superconducting states and spontaneous magnetization but also provides important insights into the nature of superconducting gap functions in iron-based superconductorsan outstanding problem in the investigation of strongly correlated unconventional superconductors, said Wu.
In a separate study with other collaborators in the CMPMS Division, the experimental team is examining how different concentrations of the three elements in the sample contribute to the observed phenomena. Seemingly, tellurium is needed for the topological effects, too much iron kills superconductivity, and selenium enhances superconductivity.
In follow-on experiments, the team hopes to verify the time-reversal symmetry breaking with other methods and explore how substituting elements in the compound modifies its electronic behavior.
As materials scientists, we like to alter the ingredients in the mixture to see what happens, said Johnson. The goal is to figure out how superconductivity, topology, and magnetism interact in these complex materials.
Reference: Time-reversal symmetry breaking in the Fe-chalcogenide superconductors by Nader Zaki, Genda Gu, Alexei Tsvelik, Congjun Wu and Peter D. Johnson, 19 January 2021, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2007241118
This research was supported by the DOE Office of Science and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research.
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Time-Reversal Symmetry Breaking in a Superconductor - SciTechDaily
Will the Government Succeed in Building a Quantum Computing Center? – DesignNews
Quantum computing may conjure up the image of crazy-haired physicists working away in remote and isolated locations, but nothing could now be further from the truth.
The U.S. government authorized a $1 billion quantum computing plan late last year to get ahead of its adversaries. A few weeks ago, President Bidens infrastructure proposal included a further $180 billion investment in R&D for quantum computing, semiconductor chips, and other key technologies.
Related: 4 Experts Let The Cat Out Of The Box On Quantum Computing And Electronic Design
The governments bigger plan is to link government, private and university research to accelerate quantum computing technologies in the U.S. This plan is similar to the earlier US technology successes like the Manhattan Project to build the atomic bomb, the Apollo program to send humans to the moon, and others.
This gallery highlights major components in the governments quantum computing structure, starting with the National Quantum Initiative.
Related: 5 Key Segments Shape 2021 Semiconductor and EDA Markets
John Blyler is a Design News senior editor, covering the electronics and advanced manufacturing spaces. With a BS in Engineering Physics and an MS in Electrical Engineering, he has years of hardware-software-network systems experience as an editor and engineer within the advanced manufacturing, IoT and semiconductor industries. John has co-authored books related to system engineering and electronics for IEEE, Wiley, and Elsevier.
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Will the Government Succeed in Building a Quantum Computing Center? - DesignNews
What were the fastest growing sectors last year? – BusinessCloud
Credit: Pixabay
If you have been paying attention to the stock market and some of the newer businesses gaining a lot of momentum recently, you may have noticed that some sectors were growing faster than others. For anyone hoping to invest in a new business or industry in 2021, looking at the recent results is a crucial step to determine the validity of their investment.
Below, well look at some of the fastest growing sectors last year.
For many people, cryptocurrencies are still a bit of a mystery. Of course, there are lots of people around the world making a lot of money from their investments in this growing industry and this isnt expected to stop anytime soon. According to Beauhurst, the cryptocurrency industry experienced 1,533% growth in deal value between 2019 and 2020. With huge investments from the likes of Crowdcube and Seedrs, this industry is quickly growing. Currently, the biggest name in this market is Revolut.
Digital security is more important now than ever before with more people shopping online over the past year. Users want to be sure that their payments are secure and that hackers are not going to be able to easily access their private details. Digital security is a priority for anyone accepting payments online from the casino NetBet to larger retailers like Amazon. There was around 976m deployed over 75 rounds in this industry over the course of 2020. Digital security is growing fast and will be for quite some time.
How much do you know about quantum computing and how it really works? Essentially, devices that use quantum computing are typically less energy-intensive and will operate much more quickly. With this in mind, the quantum industry has been quickly growing with many investing in the sector over the past few years. In the UK alone, there has been around 90.2m deployed across the Quantum sector since 2011 so this is certainly one to watch.
Finally, we should all be aware of the Fintech sector which has been growing rapidly for quite some time now. This is the UKs best performing start-up sector with tons of businesses popping up all of the time. Within Fintech, youll find contactless payments, alongside e-wallets and these can be extremely profitable. Between 2019 and 2020, the amount invested in this sector increased by 35% to 3.29b so it is clear just how profitable it can be.
We have only touched on some of the fastest growing industries as there truly are so many that you should be aware of. If you are thinking about investing in tech this year, we recommend looking into quantum or fintech as these can help to bring in a large ROI. Just make sure that you do your due diligence before you make any kind of investment and this should help you to make the right decision in the end.
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What were the fastest growing sectors last year? - BusinessCloud
Universities across Europe urge EU to remove threat of research ban on Israel, UK and Switzerland – Science Business
German, French and UK university bodies have joined a chorus of groups urging the European Commission to lift its threat to bar Israel, Switzerland and UK from EU quantum and space projects.
The place of the three countries in multi-billion euro projects under the EUs Horizon Europe science scheme is up in the air, with a fierce debate behind the scenes over whether the bloc should open up access to research it considers of strategic interest.
In a statement published on Friday, five European university associations say they are "concerned" by the proposal and "urge the Commission to reconsider its stance."
The signatories include the German U15, a body representing the countrys leading research-intensive and medical universities; the Russell Group of UK universities; the UDICE (universits de recherche franaises) association of French research universities, the League of European Research Universities (LERU) and the Guild of European Research-Intensive Universities.
"The role of scientists and researchers in the fight back against the pandemic underlines the benefits of cross-border collaboration, and Horizon Europe will provide the framework for many more successful collaborations. Researchers based in all our universities are now ready to seize these opportunities, work together, and submit bids with confidence," the statement says.
Key Commission officials believe exclusion of the three countries, which are expected to be formally involved as fee-paying associate members of the seven-year Horizon Europe, is necessary so the EU can protect its research base in rapidly developing fields.
The restrictions would affect several hot-button quantum topics, including simulation, communications, and sensing projects. There are also strict limits proposed for non-EU participation in space projects, such as satellite communication and transport systems and space launchers.
But several EU diplomats say resistance to the proposal is now substantial among a growing number of member states. The issue is scheduled to be discussed between Commission officials and member states on April 26 and 27.
The fight stems from a clause inserted last year in the Horizon Europe regulation which foresees that the bloc may limit participation of certain organisations, when there is a justified need to safeguard the unions strategic assets, interests, autonomy or security. The Commission has exceptionally in the past limited international access to its research, including for certain space projects.
Researchers fear these bans will set a bad precedent that may be used to justify further barriers between the EU and its neighbours.
Strengthening strategic autonomy is an important goal for the EU, said Jan Wpking, managing director of the German U15. However, this is not achieved by excluding longstanding research partners such as the UK, Switzerland, or Israel from this crucial programme. Its exactly the other way round, he said.
Close and trusted research collaboration is key for achieving real breakthroughs in quantum computing and other strategically important fields. If Europe wants to stay competitive with China and the US, this is the way to go, said Wpking.
Europe-first
A popular mantra for politicians in Brussels these days is Dont be nave rhetoric that speaks to a growing recognition Europe must compete better in key areas, put an urgent focus on security of imports of vital goods, and limit the reach of US and Chinese technology. This aspiration has grown during the COVID-19 pandemic, which cruelly laid bare the fragility of international supply chains.
In her inauguration speech as Commission President in 2019, Ursula von der Leyen put technology alongside climate change as top priorities for the next five years, saying the EU, must have mastery and ownership of key technologies in Europe, including quantum computing, artificial intelligence, blockchain, and chip technologies.
Kurt Deketelaere, LERU secretary-general, said this goal can be achieved without limiting partnerships with the EUs closest neighbours. It is good for the EU not to be nave, but it should be careful not to swing too much to the other side, he said. An overly protective, EU-first attitude in R&I will weaken, instead of defend, European research and innovation, and hence its competitiveness.
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Universities across Europe urge EU to remove threat of research ban on Israel, UK and Switzerland - Science Business
Atos unveils global R&D Lab to drive innovation in Cybersecurity, High Performance Computing and Quantum – GlobeNewswire
Les Clayes-sous-Bois (Yvelines), France - April 22, 2021 Atos today officially inaugurates its new global Research & Development Lab in Les Clayes-sous-Bois, in the greater Paris metropolitan area (Yvelines), France. The new 8,000 m2 lab, which hosts around 350 of Atos highly qualified engineers, provides a modern space dedicated to research in quantum computing, high-performance computing, edge, artificial intelligence and cybersecurity.
Supported by the Ile-de-France Region and built on Atos existing site at Les Clayes-sous-Bois, which employs almost 1,000 people, this lab is another milestone in Atos strategy to develop and globally position the historical site of Clayes-sous-Bois and the Ile-de-France Region as a strong center of technical expertise. Atos Quantum, Atos quantum computing research program and the first major quantum industry program in Europe, benefits from an investment of 5 million from the Ile-de-France Region as part of its Smart Industry strategy, adopted in July 2017.
Innovation to support the fight against global warming
Decarbonization is a key priority for Atos. The company is committed to reducing the global carbon emissions under its control and influence by 50% by 2025 and to achieve "zero net emissions", by 2028. The research developed in this new laboratory, meeting the highest environmental standards, will focus on innovation to support the fight against global warming, such as using quantum calculation or the energy efficiency of supercomputers to accelerate society's journey to carbon neutrality. Another example is the development of a supercomputer brain that will be able to predict and optimize energy consumption based on the workload and the energy available in the electricity providers grids.
Inauguration Ceremony
The inauguration ceremony saw Valrie Pcresse, President of the Ile-de-France Regional Council say: I am proud to be part of this development of the industry of the future in the Ile-de-France Region. This new building and investment show that we are preparing the future right here, right now. We are committed to making the Ile-de-France Region a territory of innovation, a digital leader at the heart of the economic fabric. This new R&D lab is in line with our plans to promote the implementation and development of strategic technologies, in particular quantum computing, in the Ile-de-France Region.
In partnership with the Ile-de-France Region, I am thrilled to officially open our new R&D Lab today which illustrates more than 50 years of research work carried out at our historical site of Clayes-sous-Bois. From this symbolic site we will drive forward our ambitious quantum computing program and develop strategic technologies, products and solutions that will be sold worldwide, and that will help shape a safe, decarbonized future said Elie Girard, CEO Atos.
Atos Quantum: a global program
The R&D lab will accommodate the research work conducted as part of the Atos Quantum program, launched in 2016, which aims to accelerate the development of scientific and industry-relevant quantum computing use-cases. Atos researchers developed the Atos Quantum Learning Machine (Atos QLM), the world's highest-performing commercially available quantum simulator, which is already being used in numerous countries worldwide including Finland, France, Germany, India, Japan, the UK and the United States, empowering major research programs in various sectors like industry or energy. Atos also recently launched Q-score, the first universal quantum metrics, applicable to all programmable quantum processors, measures a quantum systems effectiveness at handling real-life problems, rather than simply measuring its theoretical performance.
Watch the video presentation of the new Atos R&D laboratory at the following link:https://youtu.be/-TOyFZuf-LQ(in French). Elie Girard and Valrie Pcresse, President of the le-de-France Regional Council, discuss the new lab, followed by a virtual visit of the new site with Philippe Guiguen, Mayor of Clayes-sous-Bois and the entire Atos team: Sophie Proust, CTO; Pierre Barnab Head of Big Data and Cybersecurity; Arnaud Bertrand, Director of Strategy and Innovation Big Data and Cybersecurity; Agnes Boudot, Director of HPC, AI & Quantum activities and Cyril Allouche, R&D Director, Quantum Computing.
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About Atos
Atos is a global leader in digital transformation with 105,000 employees and annual revenue of over 11 billion. European number one in cybersecurity, cloud and high performance computing, the Group provides tailored end-to-end solutions for all industries in 71 countries. A pioneer in decarbonization services and products, Atos is committed to a secure and decarbonized digital for its clients. Atos operates under the brands Atos and Atos|Syntel. Atos is a SE (Societas Europaea), listed on the CAC40 Paris stock index.
The purpose of Atos is to help design the future of the information space. Its expertise and services support the development of knowledge, education and research in a multicultural approach and contribute to the development of scientific and technological excellence. Across the world, the Group enables its customers and employees, and members of societies at large to live, work and develop sustainably, in a safe and secure information space. http://www.atos.net
About the le-de-France Region
The le-de-France region plays a driving role for employment and French growth, both in terms of its economic weight and its influence.Leading economic region in Europe and third in the world, behind Tokyo and New York, the le-de-France is a territory of innovation, which concentrates 40% of Frances R&D activities, and which benefits from an international attractiveness.The le-de-France region acts in most of the areas that concern the daily life of the 12 million Franciliens: transport, but also high schools, economic development, the environment etc.In a space that covers 2% of the French territory but brings together 18% of its population and nearly 30% of the national GDP, the Region leads a development policy that places innovation and environment at its heart.
Press contacts:
Atos: Lucie Duchateau lucie.duchateau@atos.net - +33(0) 7 62 85 35 10
le-de-FranceRgion: Elonore Flaceliere - eleonore.flaceliere@iledefrance.fr
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Atos unveils global R&D Lab to drive innovation in Cybersecurity, High Performance Computing and Quantum - GlobeNewswire
Quantum Computing Technologies market size to expand momentously over 2021-2026 – Business-newsupdate.com
This report studies the Quantum Computing Technologies Market with many aspects of the industry like the market size, market status, market trends and forecast, the report also provides brief information of the competitors and the specific growth opportunities with key market drivers. Find the complete Quantum Computing Technologies Market analysis segmented by companies, region, type and applications in the report.
The Quantum Computing Technologies market research report renders a detailed picture of the workings of this vertical and its trajectory during 2020-2025. It expounds major growth stimulants, lucrative prospects, challenges, and risks which will shape the industry dynamics during the analysis period.
Further, the report incorporates a country-level investigation of the top geographies to reveal the key growth avenues for the ensuing years. It also examines the competitive landscape with respect to the prominent players and emerging contenders, and new entrants. In addition, it monitors the latest updates on the consequences of Covid-19 pandemic on the industry and illuminates the strategies that will guarantee success amid the changing environment.
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Major highlights from the Covid-19 impact analysis:
An overview of the regional analysis:
Additional highlights from the Quantum Computing Technologies market report:
The Report Answers the Following Questions such as:
The scope of the report:
The Quantum Computing Technologies Market Research Report is a comprehensive publication that aims to determine the financial outlook for the market. For the same reason, it offers a detailed understanding of the competitive landscape. It examines some of the key players, their leadership styles, their research and development status, and their expansion strategies.
The report also includes the product portfolios and the list of products in the pipeline. It provides a detailed explanation of advanced technology and the investments that have been made to upgrade existing technologies.
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Quantum Computing Technologies market size to expand momentously over 2021-2026 - Business-newsupdate.com
Cambridge Quantum pushes into NLP and quantum computing with new head of AI – VentureBeat
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Cambridge Quantum Computing (CQC) hiring Stephen Clark as head of AI last week could be a sign the company is boosting research into ways quantum computing could be used for natural language processing.
Quantum computing is still in its infancy but promises such significant results that dozens of companies are pursuing new quantum architectures. Researchers at technology giants such as IBM, Google, and Honeywell are making measured progress on demonstrating quantum supremacy for narrowly defined problems. Quantum computers with 50-100 qubits may be able to perform tasks that surpass the capabilities of todays classical digital computers, but noise in quantum gates will limit the size of quantum circuits that can be executed reliably, California Institute of Technology theoretical physics professor John Preskill wrote in a recent paper. We may feel confident that quantum technology will have a substantial impact on society in the decades ahead, but we cannot be nearly so confident about the commercial potential of quantum technology in the near term, say the next 5 to 10 years.
CQC has been selling software focused on specific use cases, such as in cybersecurity and pharmaceutical and drug delivery, as the hardware becomes available. We are very different from the other quantum software companies that we are aware of, which are primarily focused on consulting-based revenues, CQC CEO Ilyas Khan told VentureBeat.
For example, amid concerns that improvements in quantum hardware will make it easier to break existing algorithms used in modern cryptography, CQC devised a method to generate quantum-resistant cryptographic keys that cannot be cracked by todays methods. CQC partners with pharmaceutical and drug discovery companies to develop quantum algorithms for improving material discovery, such as working with Roche on drug development, Total on new materials for carbon capture and storage solutions, and CrownBio for novel cancer treatment biomarker discovery.
The addition of Clark to CQCs team signals the company will be shifting some of its research and development efforts toward quantum natural language processing (QNLP). Humans are good at composing meanings, but this process is not well understood. Recent research established that quantum computers, even with their current limitations, could learn to reason with the uncertainty that is part of real-world scenarios.
We do not know how we compose meaning, and therefore we have not been sure how this process can be carried over to machines/computers, Khan said.
QNLP could enable grammar-aware representation of language that makes sense of text at a deeper level than is currently available with state-of-the-art NLP algorithms like Bert and GPT 3.0. The company has already demonstrated some early success in representing and processing text using quantum computers, suggesting that QNLP is within reach.
Clark was previously senior staff research scientist at DeepMind and led a team working on grounded language learning in virtual environments. He has a long history with CQC chief scientist Bob Coecke, with whom he collaborated 15 years ago to devise a novel approach for processing language. That research stalled due to the limitations of classical computers. Quantum computing could help address these bottlenecks, and there are plans to continue that research program, Clark said in a statement.
The methods we developed to demonstrate this could improve a broad range of applications where reasoning in complex systems and quantifying uncertainty are crucial, including medical diagnoses, fault-detection in mission-critical machines, and financial forecasting for investment management, Khan said.
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Cambridge Quantum pushes into NLP and quantum computing with new head of AI - VentureBeat
Are We Doomed to Repeat History? The Looming Quantum Computer Event Horizon – Electronic Design
What youll learn:
A couple examples from history highlight our failure to secure the technology thats playing an increasingly larger role in both our personal lives and business. When computers were first connected to the internet, we had no idea of the Pandoras Box that was being opened, and cybersecurity wasnt even considered a thing. We failed to learn our lesson when mobile phones exploded onto the world and again with IoT still making fast to market more important than security. This has constantly left cybersecurity behind the 8 ball in the ongoing effort to secure data.
As we race to quantum computing, well see another, and perhaps the greatest, fundamental shift in the way computing is done. Quantum computers promise to deliver an increase in computing power that could spur enormous breakthroughs in disease research, understanding global climate, and delving into the origins of the universe.
As a result, the goal to further advance quantum-computing research has rightfully attracted a lot of attention and funding including $625 million from the U.S. government.1 However, it also will make many of our trusted security techniques inadequate, enabling encryption to be broken in minutes or hours instead of the thousands of years it currently takes.
Two important algorithms that serve as a basis for security of most commonly utilized public-key algorithms today will be broken by quantum computers:
As we prepare for a post-quantum world, we have another opportunity to get security right. The challenge of replacing the existing public-key cryptography in these applications with quantum-computer-resistant cryptography is going to be formidable.
Todays state-of-the-art quantum computers are so limited that while they can break toy examples, they dont endanger commercially used key sizes (such as specified in NIST SP800-57). However, most experts agree its only a matter of time until quantum computers evolve to the point of being able to break todays cryptography.
Cryptographers around the world have been studying the issue of post-quantum cryptography (PQC), and NIST has started a standardization process. However, even though were likely five to 10 years away from quantum computers becoming widely available, were approaching what can be described as the event horizon.
Data that has been cryptographically protected by quantum-broken algorithms up to Day 0 of the PQC deployment will likely need to remain secure for years decades in some cases after quantum computers are in use. This is known as Moscas Theorem (see figure).
%{[ data-embed-type="image" data-embed-id="6081ce0f2f5c1329008b4613" data-embed-element="span" data-embed-size="640w" data-embed-alt="Illustration of a bad outcome under Mosca’s Theorem, where a quantum adversary can break the security requirements for recorded messages. The adversary could, for example, break the encryption on a recorded message or alter a legal document and generate a fake signature indistinguishable from a valid signature." data-embed-src="https://img.electronicdesign.com/files/base/ebm/electronicdesign/image/2021/04/PQC_Event_Horizon_Figure_1.6081ce0f24f07.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1440" data-embed-caption="Illustration of a bad outcome under Moscas Theorem, where a quantum adversary can break the security requirements for recorded messages. The adversary could, for example, break the encryption on a recorded message or alter a legal document and generate a fake signature indistinguishable from a valid signature." ]}%
Deploying any secure solution takes time. Given the inherent longer development time of chips compared to software, chip-based security becomes even more pressing. Throw in the added challenge that PQC depends on entirely new algorithms, and our ability to protect against quantum computers will take many years to deploy. All this adds up to make PQC a moving target.
The good news is that, and I take heart in this, we seem to have learned from previous mistakes, and NISTs PQC standardization process is working. The effort has been underway for more than four years and has narrowed entrants from 69 to seven (four in the category of public-key encryption and three in the category of digital signatures) over three rounds.
However, in late January 2021, NIST started reevaluating a couple of the current finalists and is considering adding new entries as well as some of the candidates from the stand-by list. As mentioned previously, addressing PQC isnt an incremental step. Were learning as we go, which makes it difficult to know what you dont know.
The current finalists were heavily skewed toward a lattice-based scheme. What the potential new direction by NIST indicates is that as the community has continued studying the algorithms, lattice-based schemes may not be the holy grail we first had hoped.
Someone outside the industry may look at that as a failure, but I would argue thats an incorrect conclusion. Only by trial and error, facing failure and course correcting along the way, can we hope to develop effective PQC algorithms before quantum computers open another, potentially worse cybersecurity Pandoras box. If we fail to secure it, we risk more catastrophic security vulnerabilities than weve ever seen: Aggressors could cripple governments, economies, hospitals, and other critical infrastructure in a matter of hours.
While its old hat to say, Its time the world took notice of security and give it a seat at the table, the time to deliver on that sentiment is now.
Reference
1. Reuters, U.S. to spend $625 million in five quantum information research hubs
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Are We Doomed to Repeat History? The Looming Quantum Computer Event Horizon - Electronic Design