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The Covid-19 pandemic accelerated Cloud adoption by several years in 2020 and Indian enterprises of all sizes fast-tracked their decisions to shun the legacy infrastructure and move their operations -- in piecemeal or in full -- to artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML)-powered Cloud.

For Cloud players, the year offered a great opportunity to sell their scalable and secure Cloud-based solutions while keeping data within the territories of the country.

According to an IDC survey that came out in November, more than 60 per cent of the Indian organisations plan to leverage Cloud platforms for digital innovation, as the firms re-strategise their IT spending plans as a result of Covid-19.

Although most organisations in India have adopted Cloud at some stage, said the IDC, the current pandemic situation enabled them to spend more on public cloud infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS), platform-as-a-service (PaaS) solutions, and software-as-a-service (SaaS).

According to Shailender Kumar, Regional Managing Director, Oracle India, several Indian businesses like Polycab, Religare Broking and Mphasis moved on to its second-generation cloud services in the country, amid the rising demand for secure, enterprise-grade Cloud services in the pandemic.

"Buoyed by rising Cloud demand and to aid better disaster recovery and regulatory compliance, we made our second local cloud region available to customers in India. Our cloud business is growing well and is on the right track in the country," Kumar told IANS.

After spending several months in uncertainty around the pandemic-induced lockdowns, "there has been an uptick in business sentiment in India and a vast number of small and medium businesses (SMBs) and startups are now turning to the Oracle second generation cloud infrastructure for high performance and growth," Kumar elaborated.

Amazon Web Services (AWS), the Cloud computing business of e-commerce giant Amazon, said that amid the pandemic, it has seen an acceleration both in terms of customer adoption and how they are using the Cloud in the country.

Besides banking and financial services, other areas, where AWS has seen huge traction in India include media and entertainment and automotive sectors.

AWS will invest $2.77 billion to set up multiple data centres in Hyderabad, the Telangana government said last month.

The company will set up Asia Pacific (Hyderabad) Region with three Availability Zones (AZs). It is expected to start operations by mid-2022.

A Google Cloud report revealed this month that more than one in two retail executives in India feel their company is accelerating Cloud adoption in response to the Covid-19 pandemic.

Google Cloud won some key customers in India this year.

"We have always been bullish on India and you will see more investment coming from us towards that direction. India offers a great opportunity where Google Cloud Platform (GCP) with its latest agile, secure and scalable offerings can help enterprises, SMBs and the growing startup ecosystem amid the government's call for digital transformation," Google Cloud CEO Thomas Kurian told IANS.

Earlier this year, Alphabet and Google CEO Sundar Pichai committed $10 billion to drive India go digital and the company will open its second GCP region in India, in Delhi next year.

IT industry's apex body Nasscom said in November that with Cloud adoption among India's small and medium-sized businesses growing, they can account for 28-30 per cent of the country's Public Cloud market by 2025.

"As India aims to become a Cloud-first nation and with the government's push for Cloud adoption by MSMEs, it will be crucial for SMBs in India to think of themselves as digital enterprises and lead the E-revolution for India," said Debjani Ghosh, President, Nasscom.

The Covid-19 pandemic severely impacted the SMB segment and they struggled with liquidity crunch, lack of demand and lack of an alternative operational model.

Nasscom said that progressive policies and awareness programmes can accelerate cloud adoption at a time when the Covid-19 pandemic has already fast-tracked digital transformation of companies across all verticals.

Before the Covid-19 pandemic hit the country, nearly 97 per cent of mid-market firms considered technology to be important for business success and most were already experimenting with cloud, AI and emerging technologies.

"The uncertainty triggered by Covid-19 is making them relook at their own IT setup to ensure that they fix the gaps which could hamper their ability to operate remotely," Sandip Patel, MD, IBM India-South Asia, told IANS.

"This segment is usually more agile in their decision making and hence we are seeing several new engagements and discussions started already," Patel added.

The rest is here:
Indian firms see a silver lining in cloud adoption in pandemic-hit year - Business Standard

Unfortunately, the powerful capabilities of quantum computers also introduce risks to our current security technology, namely public key cryptography. Symmetric key cryptography such as Advanced Encryption Scheme (AES) or Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA) -2 and -3 will not be completely compromised. The only known attack uses Grovers algorithm, which achieves fast unstructured search for the key space for symmetric ciphers or the output space for cryptographic hash algorithms. However, enhanced search by Grovers algorithm has an upper limit. Furthermore, the attack requires a considerable amount of quantum resources. Therefore, these symmetric key algorithms can sustain their security by simply increasing the key sizes or output sizes to at most twice their current size.

The rapid adoption by enterprises of hybrid cloud and multicloud environments along with the rise of the Internet of Things, a much more remote workforce and other trends that have contributed to the increasingly distributed nature of modern IT has put the vast amounts of data that is being generated in a precarious position. No longer created, collected and store in central datacenters sitting behind corporate firewalls, workloads and data are now bouncing between public clouds, between clouds and on-premises datacenters, from the edge through the cloud to the datacenter and back again.

Data is everywhere and in multiple environments, putting it at greater risk from cyberthreats from increasing sophisticated criminal and nation-state operations that now have a much larger attack surface to work on. Theres no way to put a firewall around such a decentralized situation, so other means of security including encryption are getting more work as organizations look to shield sensitive data from cyberattacks and stay in compliance with the growing numbers of government regulations and standards think the European Unions General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) or Californias Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) designed to protect the privacy of business user and consumers.

However, even modern encryption has its shortcomings. Enterprises now can encrypt data when its at rest and when its in transit. However, when they have to start putting it to work to process and analyze it it must be decrypted, exposing it to cyber-criminals who want to access or steal it or to third parties that may be able to see it. In a hybrid cloud world, the risk is high.

Enter Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE). Initially discussed in the 1970s but not demonstrated until 2009, homomorphic encryption enables data to remain encrypted even as organizations process and analyze it in the cloud or in third-party environments, protecting it from bad actors and the eyes of others who are not supposed to see it. Once the calculations or other mathematical operations are run on the encrypted data, the results will be corrected once theyre decrypted.

Its important because data is more portable than ever, Eric Maass, director of strategy and emerging technology at IBM Security Services, tells The Next Platform. We are in a very fluid state. Infrastructure is everywhere. Once upon a time, we built monolithic applications and the data, for all intents and purposes, was well contained within sight of a monolith of sorts. Today, applications are very hybrid in nature. Theres computing thats happening on-prem. Theres aspects of that computation that may happen in a hybrid fashion on infrastructure-as-a-service provider. Data is just being sent wherever its needed, basically to be utilized by highly distributed applications. In a hybrid cloud era, we expect that the infrastructure has become far more distributed and therefore [so is] the computing and therefore where the data needs to flow in order to perform that computing.

IBM has been an active player in the development of FHE, with IBM researcher Craig Gentry in 2009 demonstrating the first working algorithm for homomorphic encryption, though it was far too slow for practical use. More recently, Big Blue this summer ran successful FHE field trials and released a FHE toolkit for MacOS and iOS, Apple operating systems, adding Linux and Android later. This month, announced its IBM Security Homomorphic Encryption Services, a scalable offering hosted on IBM Cloud that gives organizations an environment for experimenting with the encryption technology and consulting and managed services to help them with their efforts.

Over the past decade, IBM and other companies have worked to make processing encrypted data faster. The demonstration in 2009 showed it could be done, but at the time it could take days or weeks to run FHE calculations that otherwise would take seconds on decrypted data. The organizations worked to improve the algorithms used for FHE and IBM created open-source libraries, such as HELib and the aforementioned FHE Toolkit. The result is homomorphic encryption that is more functionally viable and ready for wider use. The algorithms IBM is using on its new cloud service are founded on lattice-based cryptography, an encryption technology that is being developed to push back at the oncoming cyberthreats that will arrive with more widespread quantum computing.

The combination of expanded compute power and advanced algorithms, FHE can now be performed at seconds-per-bit, an important measurement that indicates that homomorphic encryption is fast enough to be used in increasing numbers of use cases and early trials. Examples of uses cases can include healthcare facilities that want to give patient data to clinical researchers to help them search for cures for a disease but cant do so now because regulations prevent exposing such sensitive data to third parties or retailers who want to do more targeted marketing but are worried about jeopardizing trust of their consumers by using their data in a way that exposes it.

Over the last 10 years, a lot of what it comes down to is just the math, Maass says. It gets down to finding efficiencies in the way that the math is being done to improve the speed. Way back in the day, a single digit being computed in an FHE-enabled application took somewhere around a half an hour. We improved that. Its still multiple times slower than performing the same calculation on clear text data, but its improved to the point where a lot of the computation that we make here about basic analysis, statistical analysis of data, that sort of stuff, could be done in a way thats almost imperceptible.

IBMs FHE Services offering has two key goals: To give enterprises a cloud-based environment trying out the technology and running experiments and as a way of educating organizations and offering them services and support from IBM cryptography experts, both with the aim of preparing them to build and deploy FHE-enabled applications. The tools were developed by IBM Research and IBM Z, offering templates for common FHE use cases, including encrypted search, AI, machine learning and analytics. The IBM Cloud infrastructure can scale as needed.

There continue to be challenges to mass adoption of homomorphic encryption, Maass says. FHE is complex and requires a lot of compute power as much as 100 times the compute resources of operations on plaintext data the lattice encryption keys and other FHE-specific technologies are not mainstream and may need particular infrastructure, and coding for FHE may be different from traditional methods. Applications and data need to be prepared in particular ways when dealing with FHE.

Data preparation really has a lot to do with what use case you plan to implement with the technology, he says. The simplest example is if you picture a spreadsheet of data, you have rows and columns. Traditional databases have rows and columns of data. Often with [FHE] data preparation, the columns need to become rows and the rows need to become columns. There are certain types of math that needs to take place in which were twisting and turning the data in ways that its not natively coming out of a traditional relational database. Its not overly complex, but it does take understanding those constraints and use cases in order to plan for that. Clearly, systems as they exist today for storing data within these organizations are not going to be natively compatible if we need to start twisting and turning the data that way.

Likely candidates for using FHE include organizations in highly regulated industries healthcare, financial services, retail and the like and those using data in highly collaborative and distributed, which is getting more common with the growing adoption of hybrid clouds.

That said, FHE will be a targeted sort of technology, not one designed to be a wholesale replacement for all forms of encryption, he says. Were going to still see basic asymmetric and symmetric encryption that exists for data at rest and data in transport continue to be the primary way to do that job. They do it well. They do efficiently. This is really targeted at data that needs to be protected as its being put into an untrusted domain, shared with a third party, maybe being utilized in an untrusted cloud computing environment where its out of our hands and we want to make sure that its not going to be exposed as were computing on it. Theres a time and place for every form of cryptography and we see this as complementary to the data at rest and data in transit algorithms and techniques that are out there today.

Its going to take time, but two to three years down the road homomorphic encryption will have evolved from a fresh-from-the-lab technology to one that is more widely used, Maass says. Gartner analysts earlier this year predicted that by 2025, at least 20 percent companies will have projects on the books that include FHE, up from about 1 percent now. IBMs FHE Services offering is a step in that direction by getting organizations prepared for the technologys evolution.

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IBM Leverages Cloud To Push The Encryption Envelope - The Next Platform

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