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Bitcoin regulation: How India compares to the rest of the world in the regulatory approach to bitcoin – Tech2

Bitcoin has hit an all time high of$1,200 (approx Rs 80,000) based on talks of the first US Bitcoin exchange-traded fund getting approval from the Securities and Exchange Commission. In India, Bitcoin is selling for over Rs 1,00,000per bitcoin in Bitcoin trading apps such as Unocoin.Reserve Bank of India Deputy Governor R Gandhi recently pointed out the risks associated with Bitcoin transactions at a FinTech conference.

Bitcoin prices are at an all time high. Source: Unocoin.

We can see that in these types of virtual currencies there is no central bank or monetary authority. They pose potential financial, operational, legal, customer protection and security-related risks, Gandhi said. My arguments against virtual currencies stem from two elements the concept of confidence and anonymity. The currency should be able to sustain these two elements forever. It will impair its exalted status once either of these two elements gets affected.

Amid the surging prices, a question was raised in the Rajya Sabha on 6 February, on the legal status of virtual currencies such as Bitcoin in India. Arjun Ram Meghwal, Minister of State in the Ministry of Finance, in a written reply to the Rajya Sabha, pointed out that the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) had cautioned Indian citizens against the use of Bitcoin.

Bitcoin transactions in India are legal, the RBI has just cautioned users about the risks of cryptocurrency trading. There are however no official redressal mechanisms, and users transacting with virtual currencies do so at their own risk. The RBI is monitoring the use of Bitcoin in the country, and is in the process of formulating regulations, including foreign exchange laws, and norms for payment systems. The cautionary note is based on a press release by RBI in 2013, when adoption of Bitcoin in the country was a lot less than it is in 2017.

The risks as noted by the RBI include a lack of a central framework for resolving problems, the highly volatile and speculative nature of the cryptocurrency due to a lack of backing by assets, trading across various jurisdictions with unclear legal regulations, and the dangers of being entrapped or associated withfinancial transactions for illegal and illicit activities. One of the biggest problems for the RBI is in the way the money is stored in digital wallets that are prone to hacks, malware attacks, theft and loss.

How cryptocurrencies are understood around the world.

China

Early this year, thePeoples Bank of China met with owners of Bitcoin exchanges, and cautioned the people against the use of Bitcoin as a currency. Officially, the bank considers Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies as virtual commodities that do not enjoy the same status as currency. The bank has also cautioned users of Bitcoin, asking them to bear the corresponding risks and responsibilities. Banks and Financial institutions are prohibited from making Bitcoin transactions, and the Bitcoin trading activities are being monitored for violations of foreign exchange norms.

United States of America

In the United States, Bitcoin is treated as property, and Bitcoin transactions are taxed as if they were property transactions. Employers are required to report payment of wages to employees using Bitcoin, and these kinds of payments are subject to payroll taxes. Taxes on gain or loss of value based on transactions depends on whether or not the Bitcoin is held as a capital asset. Although bitcoin is commonly used as a currency, it is not recognised as legal tender in any of the jurisdictions in the United States.

United Kingdom

Initially, Bitcoin in the UK was considered a tradeable voucher, which was later reclassified as private currency, which reduced the tax liability.Transactions to and from Bitcoin are not taxed. There are taxes for Goods and Services sold for Bitcoin, based on the corresponding value of the legal tender to the cryptocurrency at the time of transaction. Income generated by Bitcoin mining activity is also exempted from tax.

Russia

The Bank of Russia, like the RBI, refers to cryptocurrencies as virtual currency. The Bank of Russia has issued a warning to Russian citizens, rising the same concerns as the RBI. The speculative nature of the currency, high risk of loss of value, and no entities that can be held legally accountable for settling disputes. The strongly worded warning alerts citizens of possible prosecution over cryptocurrency transactions as the financial activity can be considered as participating in a process that helps terrorists and criminals launder money. The federal Tax Service in Russia has noted in a letter that there are no legal mechanisms prohibiting Bitcoin transactions in Russia.

Australia

The Reserve Bank of Australia refers to cryptocurrencies asdigital currencies, and treats Bitcoin as property, similar to the regulations in the United States. Bitcoin transactions themselves are regulated by the bank, or subject to regulatory oversight. Bitcoin trades are treated as barter trades.As Bitcoin has a steady rate of supply, a limited availability, and cannot respond to seasonal peaks or sudden increases in Demand (say around holiday sales seasons), Australia does not consider any role of cryptocurrencies in the monetary policy.

University of Nicosia in Cyprus accepts Bitcoin for payment of fees.

Europe

The European Banking Authority has also issued a warning to European citizens on the hazards of using virtual currencies. The risks pointed out in the warning include the potential for loss on electronic trading platforms, there are no legal protections for the money deposited in cryptocurrency exchanges, the virtual currencies can potentially be stolen through electronic means, and the high volatility of the cryptocurrencies. The EBA has gone so far as to recommend that You should not use real money that you cannot afford to lose. Virtual currencies can be used to make payments without incurring charges, and without a bank acting as an intermediary. Value added tax, and capital gains tax may apply according to the country where the transaction is occurring.

Brazil

The Central Bank of Brazil has issued a clarification noting that there is no regulation for Bitcoin in Brazil. The notice points out that any regulatory oversight would put pressure on the cryptocurrencies, and that regulations from any authority from any country can potentially affect the prices of the cryptocurrencies, as well as the ability to trade in them. Brazil refers to Bitcoin and similar cryptocurrencies as virtual currencies, noting that they are different from digital currencies. The development of the financial instruments such as Bitcoin is being monitored by the Central Bank of Brazil, and it has said that it is open to legal interventions, if necessary.

Bangladesh

Bangladesh is one of the countries with the harshest regulations against cryptocurrencies. As the country has harsh anti money laundering laws, anyone conducting Bitcoin transactions faces a jail term. The use of cryptocurrencies of any kind, including Bitcoin, is banned in Bangladesh. Anyone found being involved with Bitcoin transactions faces up to twelve years in jail.

The Genesis Block, the first block mined, with 50 Bitcoin

Indian regulations

The process of formulating regulations in India is taking its own sweet time, and RBI seems to be focusing more on formulating regulations for the underlying distributed ledger technology called blockchain, rather than the virtual currencies such as Bitcoin and Litecoin that are based on blockchains. Waiting for toolong to introduce regulations is likely to disturb the markets, platforms, apps and systems that emerge before the regulations are in place.

The world over, in times of financial insecurity, Bitcoin is considered as a hedge.

For those who want to get into Bitcoin transactions in India, Unocoin is a convenient platformwith a monthly investment plan. BtcxIndia, Zebpay and Coinsecure are other Indian Bitcoin trading platforms. The prices per Bitcoin varies across the platforms. Over 500 merchants in India accept Bitcoin as a payment option.

Tags: Bitcoin, Blockchain, Cryptocurrency, RBI, virtual currency

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Typo Blamed for Amazon’s Internet-Crippling Outage – CIO Today

By Jef Cozza / CIO Today. Updated March 03, 2017.

"With [this] news, Oracle is offering organizations the ultimate in choice and flexibility in where they deploy the world's most advanced database cloud for mission-critical workloads," the company said in a statement.

Full Power of Public Cloud Inside a Data Center

Since it was first introduced over a year ago, Oracle Cloud at Customer has proved popular with enterprises as a way to help bridge the gap between public cloud and on-premises deployments. While organizations look forward to moving their enterprise workloads to the public cloud, many have been constrained by business, legislative and regulatory requirements that have prevented them from moving their data and applications outside their own datacenters, Oracle said.

The Oracle Exadata Cloud Machine is designed to deliver the full power of the Oracle Exadata Cloud Service that resides in Oracle's public cloud to customers that require or prefer their databases to be located on-premises, the company said.

"Oracle Exadata Cloud Machine is an ideal platform for organizations that want the benefits of the cloud brought to their datacenter," said Juan Loaiza, senior vice president of systems technologies at Oracle, in the statement. "For many years, Oracle Exadata has been the platform of choice for running mission critical Oracle databases at thousands of customers, and the Oracle Exadata Cloud Machine extends this value proposition to those customers who want cloud benefits but cannot or aren't yet ready to move to a public cloud."

Subscription-Based Pricing

The new service will provide enterprises with subscription access to the Oracle database with all its usual options and features, such as real application clusters, database in-memory, active data guard and advanced security, high levels of performance, availability and security features for mission-critical workloads, the company said.

Additionally, the Oracle Exadata Cloud Machine is 100 percent compatible with on-premises as well as Oracle Cloud applications and databases, ensuring any existing application can be quickly migrated to the cloud without changes.

Among the features included in Exadata Cloud Machine are a mission-critical database for OLTP; analytics; mixed workloads and consolidation; a database hardware platform with NVMe Flash,and InfiniBand networking; and an advanced database cloud platform with subscription-based pricing and real-time online capacity bursting.

Oracle said the flexible cloud can be deployed either in its public cloud or inside the customer's datacenter, with Oracle managing all of the infrastructure. The new service should also facilitate migration to the cloud with software and hardware that are fully compatible.

"The business model is just like a public cloud subscription; the hardware and software is the same; Oracle experts monitor and manage the infrastructure; and the same tools used in Oracles public cloud are used to provision resources on the Cloud Machine," the company said in the statement.

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Cloud computing increasingly mainstream in wider enterprise IT market – Consultancy.uk

Cloud computing is maturing, creating a host of opportunities for providers as more and more companies consider the technology for their IT needs. In a new report the cloud market is found to be valued at around 16% of the $1.1 trillion enterprise IT market, while continuing to grow at around 17% per year to 2020. Concerns around cost and security among potential customers has fallen, although compliance and regulatory concerns have grown.

Cloud computing is increasingly becoming part of the wider IT market, as the technology develops, needs from customers change and the price comes down. To better understand the evolving cloud computing landscape, a new report from Bain & Company, titled The Changing Faces of the Cloud, maps out the current situation as well as opportunities for the future.

The cloud market now represents around 16% of the $1.1 trillion enterprise IT market. The largest segments in the cloud arena are SaaS and public cloud infrastructure and enabling services. The market is however, projected to see strong growth to 2020, hitting average CAGR of 17%. SaaS and IaaS/PaaS are projected to see growth rates of 18% and 27% annually respectively. Private cloud infrastructure & enabling services too are projected to see growth at above 20%, coming in at 25% annually on average.

The research also found that of the total ~$375 billion in revenue growth added to the global enterprise IT pie between 2015 and 2020, 60% is projected to go towards cloud computing solutions, whether at the infrastructure level of the sales and management level.The reasons for growth, according to Michael Heric, a Bain Partner, is that Cloud providers realized that they cant compete on price alone. In response, theyve added services that make their platforms more valuable and easier to use, and customers are willing to pay for these features. This shift in thinking has been the main reason for clouds tremendous growth over these last few years.

Cloud technology is starting to mature, and with it, perceptions about its vulnerabilities and drawbacks are changing. Data security was in 2015 cited among the top three concerns of 35% of respondents, down from 42% in 2012. Uncertainties about costs and savings have seen the most significant call, down from 36% to 21% of respondents citing it within their top three. Loss of control concerns too have fall, from 22% in 2012 to 19% in 2015.

A number of areas have seen a rise in concern however, with companies increasingly concerned about regulatory or compliance conditions for cloud computing proposition, up from 21% to 27%, while questions about data portability and ownership are up slightly, from 18% to 20%. The biggest rise in concern, however, comes from lock-in conditions, up from 7% in 2012 to 22% in 2015.

The study further found that cloud the market remains relatively undeveloped. The largest part (90%) of current demand in the segment, according to the firm, stems from replacing or upgrading existing, non-mission critical applications and from the creation of new digital businesses. Its wider uptake into new business models, IT transformations and ways of working has, largely, not yet begun in the industry.

To better understand the future potential of the market, the firm considers five key groups, which were identified by the firm in a 2011 study. A follow up study considered how the groups had transformed their IT usage in relation to the cloud. The early adopters or transformational group represents around 11% of total respondents. This group was already heavily involved in the in 2010, with 44% of its IT operation in the cloud, this has since grown to 69%, with a total value of around $24 billion.

The heterogeneous group (12% of companies surveyed), whose IT priorities evolve over time and whose IT demands are highly technical, has seen its cloud as a % of total IT increase from 13% in 2010 to 36% in 2015, with a total value of around $13 billion to the market. The opportunistic adopters (21%), have diversified IT needs, and operate with sensitive data, this group has seen cloud adoption hit around 37% of IT, with a total spend of around $24 billion.

The largest group however, the slow-and-steady segment, has 43% of companies. This group has remained in wait and see mode regarding the technology, while also focused on minimising disruption while operating within clear regulatory constraints. The group has increased its share of IT in the cloud slightly, up from 1% in 2010 to 16% in 2015.

The consultancy firm also sought to identify how the different groups are likely to respond to the increasing maturity of the cloud computing market. One key shift is in the slow-and-steady group, whose appetite for the segment, the firm projects, is likely to hit around 30% of total cloud spending by 28%, as cloud as a % of total IT spending in the group also hits 30%. The transformational group will see its share of total cloud spending decrease as a % but stay relatively close in absolute terms to the 2015 result, while the transformational group will see its share of total IT spending decrease as the segment reaches saturation.

Late adopters have made a major jump in cloud use over the last 12 months. Theyre entering the cloud market in record numbers and, in a somewhat unexpected move, are using providers few anticipated, says Michael Heric, a Bain Partner in the firms global Technology Practice. This has created a shake-up among technology providers.

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Google And Coursera Collaborate For Training on Cloud Computing – News18

Coursera, an education-focused technology company, is announcing a collaboration with Google to offer Google Cloud Training courses on its platform. Developed and taught by Google experts, these courses will be available on-demand for any current or aspiring IT professionals and data engineers.

This week, Coursera is launching the first course in the Data Engineering on Google Cloud Specialization, Big Data and Machine Learning.

This course will be the first in a 5-course Specialisation. More foundational, intermediate, and advanced courses in infrastructure, machine learning, analytics, and application development are planned for launch soon.

With companies rapidly shifting their infrastructure to the cloud, the demand for cloud computing experts is growing. In fact, adoption of cloud technology is often limited not by cost, complexity, or security, but by the shortage of trained professionals available to fill open roles in cloud systems administration, data engineering, application development, and more.

Making this training more accessible is a major step toward creating a network of skilled professionals who can utilise the latest Google Cloud Platform technology to create innovative solutions to business challenges.

Offering these courses on Coursera makes it convenient for current and aspiring IT professionals, data engineers, and anyone else to access cloud training on the latest tools and technologies.

Through the Coursera platform, learners have the flexibility to take courses on their own schedules both on their computers and on a mobile app.

Watch Video: Blackberry Keyone First Look

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Cisco Debuts Umbrella: First Secure Internet Gateway in the Cloud – CIO Today

Businesses often set up virtual private networks, or VPNs, to protect against IT threats that can be introduced via remote workers using cloud services to access corporate data. Because employees don't always use those VPNs, though, Cisco has launched a new layer of protection: a secure Internet gateway (SIG) dubbed Umbrella.

Calling it "the industry's first secure Internet gateway in the cloud," Cisco said yesterday that Umbrella is designed to provide enterprise users with a safe way to access cloud services from anywhere via any device. And because Umbrella is a cloud-based service, it's fast and easy for customers to deploy without the need for new hardware or software, according to Cisco.

Built on the OpenDNS platform, Umbrella incorporates other Cisco technologies such as Cloud Web Security and Advanced Malware Protection. Those integrations enable the gateway service to inspect files before they're downloaded from potentially risky domains, and also adds new predictive intelligence capabilities to avoid other potential threats.

'Secure Onramp to the Internet'

"Before you connect to any destination, a SIG acts as your secure onramp to the Internet and provides the first line of defense and inspection," Kevin Rollinson, product marketing manager for Cisco OpenDNS, wrote yesterday in a blog post. "Regardless of where users are located or what they're trying to connect to, traffic goes through the SIG first. Once the traffic gets to the SIG cloud platform, there are different types of inspection and policy enforcement that can happen."

As a secure Internet gateway, Umbrella offers advantages over other protection strategies such as secure Web gateways, or SWGs, added Brian Roddy, who heads cloud security for Cisco. SWGs can be hard to deploy and "constantly create problems around latency and capacity," he said. By contrast, Umbrella was developed to reimagine how security is delivered, he added.

"For us, it wasn't about taking the old technology and just sticking it into the cloud," Roddy said. "We wanted to create a new layer of defense -- protecting users whether they're on and off the corporate network. We want it to be easy to deploy, be highly effective, minimize latency, support world-wide installations and support the open architectures that have made SaaS so effective."

Umbrella 'Detects Anomalies' To Predict Threats

While software-as-a-service tools such as Salesforce , Box, Google's G Suite, Office 365, WebEx, Trello and others, are widely used today, professionals who access those services from remote locations or mobile devices don't always use them via secure connections such as VPNs. In a survey conducted on behalf of Cisco last year, IDG Research Services found that 82 percent of the corporate laptop users it questioned admitted to sometimes bypassing their organizations' VPNs.

"Much of this off-network usage was for personal activities, but nearly 30 percent of the end users said they sometimes access company data without logging into their VPNs," according to IDG.

Unlike a VPN, Umbrella uses a customer's existing Cisco hardware, such as AnyConnect clients, routers or wireless LAN controllers, to "easily point Internet traffic to Umbrella whether on or off the corporate network," the company said. Umbrella "resolves over 100 billion Internet requests every day and correlates this live data with over 11 billion historical events," according to Cisco. "This is analyzed to identify patterns, detect anomalies, and create models to automatically uncover attacker infrastructure being staged for the next threat."

Cisco did not provide pricing for Umbrella, but the company is offering a free 14-day trial to each customer who signs up for the service.

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Amazon explains big AWS outage, says employee error took servers offline, promises changes – GeekWire

(Shutterstock Image).

Amazon has released an explanation of the events that caused the big outage of its Simple Storage Service Tuesday, also known as S3, crippling significant portions of the web for several hours.

Amazon said the S3 team was working on an issue that was slowing down its billing system. Heres what happened, according to Amazon, at 9:37 a.m. Pacific, starting the outage: an authorized S3 team member using an established playbook executed a command which was intended to remove a small number of servers for one of the S3 subsystems that is used by the S3 billing process. Unfortunately, one of the inputs to the command was entered incorrectly and a larger set of servers was removed than intended.

Those servers affected other S3 subsystems, one of which was responsible for all metadata and location information in the Northern Virginia data centers. Amazon had to restart these systems and complete safety checks, a process that took several hours.In the interim, it became impossible to complete network requests with these servers. Other AWS services that relied on S3 for storage were also affected.

About three hours after the issues began, parts of S3 started to function again. By about 1:50 p.m. Pacific, all S3 systems were back to normal. Amazon said it has not had to fully reboot these S3 systems for several years, and the program has grown extensively since then, causing the restart to take longer than expected.

Amazon said it is making changesas a result of this event, promising to speed up recovery time of S3 systems. The companyalso created new safeguards to ensure that teams dont take too much server capacity offline when working on maintenance issues like the S3 billing system slowdown.

Amazon is also making changes to its service health dashboard, which is designed to track AWS issues. The outage knocked out the service health dashboard for several hours, and AWS had to distribute updates via its Twitter account and by programming in text at the top of the page. In the message, Amazon said it made a change tospread that site over multiple AWS regions.

Amazon concluded its explanation with this message:

Finally, we want to apologize for the impact this event caused for our customers. While we are proud of our long track record of availability with Amazon S3, we know how critical this service is to our customers, their applications and end users, and their businesses. We will do everything we can to learn from this event and use it to improve our availability even further.

Several observers surveyed by GeekWirepointed to the need for redundancy in cloud storage asa key takeaway from the outage.Redundancy in this case can mean spreading data across multiple regions, so that an outage in one area doesnt cripple an entire site, or using multiple cloud providers.

Anand Hariharan, vice president of products for Mountainview, Calif.-based Webscale Networks noted that Amazons retail website didnt go down duringthe outage Tuesday because it didnt put all its eggs in one cloud basket.

As AWS incredibly disruptive outage this week showed, every major public cloud provider has experienced or will experience downtime. In fact, more and more of our customers particularly those running e-commerce businesses recognize that they cant just rely on one cloud provider, or one region. Amazon themselves stayed live and fast because they do exactly this spread their infrastructure across multiple regions. Hours and really just minutes of downtime are a lifetime for businesses. Downtime costs not only revenue, but brand reputation and consumer trust, so companies need to consider their multi-region/multi-cloud strategies today.

The internet reacted in a pretty jovial manner to the outage Tuesday, with many taking the outage as a chance for adigital snow day. Amazons explanation of the outage earned praise from some for the companys transparency and scorn from others.

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How to Choose the Best Cloud Hosting Service Provider – FX Daily Report

Cloud computing offers a great deal of benefits to businesses. They allow enterprises to develop their applications, test them and put them to use faster with lower capital expenditure, less maintenance and improved manageability. However, choosing a cloud provider is not an easy task. This is primarily because there are a number of players out there in the market. Secondly, many of them focus on multiple segments of the cloud computing market. These include infrastructure as a service, software as a service and platform as a service. Therefore, some of the factors you must consider when choosing a cloud hosting service provider are as follows:

#1: User Interface

User Interface or UI is a critical element to be considered when evaluating cloud computing solutions. A good UI will be of great help in mitigating the change over time required for IT departments to migrate to a virtualized environment, especially because of scarcity of resources and the need to upgrade faster. As such, look out for a cloud provider that offers the most customer-friendly UI.

#2: Service Level Agreement

Though a service level agreement cannot be considered as a guarantee, it is always better to work with a cloud hosting service provider that offers the same. The service level agreement refers to the service providers commitment to respond quickly when something goes wrong and refund a small percentage of the bill to cover downtime. If the standard service level agreement is inadequate, then the provider must be prepared to customize the same so that it is acceptable to both the parties.

#3: Setting Up An Account

As with everything in life, first impression is the best impression. It is important to be right the very first time, or else opportunities can be lost. In the IaaS sector in the cloud hosting environment, the first impressions refer to the providers website content, dealings with their sales team and the signing up process as a whole. The providers offering and price plans should be simple and easily understood. Prospective customers should be able to glean the information they are looking for quickly, set up a server account and have it running.

#4: Performance

Have a clear understanding as regards the cloud computing performance. Most cloud providers offer computing resources that vary in sizes. They range from single-core instances (the smallest) to multi-core, -memory instances (the largest). However, the storage I/O can vary from one cloud provider to another. The storage I/O is often the key factor that determines the performance of your application in the cloud environment.

#5: Security

When choosing a cloud provider, it is also important to consider the location of their data centers. This is because compliance regulations and security can vary from one country to another, specifically in the European region. How a cloud provider ensures security of their network, data and customer data is also a very important factor to be considered when choosing a service provider. It is, therefore, a good idea to choose a cloud provider that has been certified by the Security Trust and Assurance Registry created by the Cloud Security Alliance and British Standards Institution.

#6: Data Center Location and Network Infrastructure

A cloud hosting providers network infrastructure is a key aspect with respect to performance. Their network infrastructure should be capable of supporting customers companys specific requirements. Data center location also has an impact on performance in various ways. These include speed, statute restrictions in using customer data, design of applications, applicability of jurisdictional laws if a dispute arises and susceptibility to environmental factors like hurricanes, earthquakes, etc.

#7: Tech Support and Customer Service

It is very important to ascertain as to whether the prospective cloud provider offers free technical support or different tiers of paid support, either on subscription or pay-as-you-go. It makes sense, therefore, to call the support department of the cloud providers under consideration and find out what levels of support they provide and whether it will suit your needs.

8. Pricing and Billing

The primary factor that motivates a business to move to cloud is the cost savings that it offers. As a result, most cloud companies offer utility-based pricing plans wherein payments are made only for the resources that are consumed by the customer. There are four main resources that cloud customers should be aware of. These are the CPU, RAM, data storage and bandwidth. Further, it is not a good idea to choose a cloud hosting service provider on the basis of lowest price offered. Customers should take into consideration their specific resource requirements and then choose an appropriate plan.

#9: Total Cost

Cloud hosting providers often hide the total cost of using their service by making customers focus on their advertised price. It is important to have a clear understanding as to what additional fee they could impose on customers. Some of them are:

Subscription charges: A monthly fee paid for using a specific level of resources. Software licensing fees: Charges for using the operating system and database software images are not often discussed in the beginning. Burst resource pricing: Increase in cost for using resources above the subscription level.

#10: Financial Security

Another important aspect to be taken into account when choosing a cloud hosting service provider is the companys long-term viability. In this regard, it essential to find out answers to the following questions:

How long has the cloud provider been in operation? Are they financially sound? Are they sufficiently funded? Is there a possibility of a merger or an acquisition? Does the potential cloud providers technologies and processes in line with the recommendations of leading organizations in the IT industry?

#11: References

Finally, the reputation of a cloud hosting service provider needs to be evaluated prior to signing up with them. Ask prospective cloud providers for references in order to verify their service reliability and quality, customer support quality and network performance. Do carry out a review their website and ask them to furnish case studies and media and analyst coverage examples. Spending some time and effort in properly evaluating the performance of a cloud hosting service provider goes a long way in eliminating issues later on in the association.

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Amazon Web Services outage highlights Cloud risks – Foster’s Daily Democrat

MJ Shoer

This week, Amazon Web Services (AWS) Simple Storage System (S3) suffered a major outage. The outage lasted throughout most of Tuesday, Feb. 28. While the S3 system is a back-end system, the system is used by literally hundreds of thousands of websites and Internet of Things (IoT) services.

The AWS S3 system is a public Cloud hosting platform. It hosts websites, Internet accessible applications and sharing sites for data and images. Because of the outage, you may not have been able to reach a website, or the site may not have been displaying images. Nest, the popular smart thermostat, smoke/carbon monoxide detector and webcam was impacted. If you have one or more of these devices, you would have been unable to manage them, get alerts, etc.

Whats worse is that Amazons status page, where they report on the real-time health of the AWS services was also broken. This meant that companies that have systems hosted on S3 with AWS were unable to see the status of the system and more importantly, updates on Amazons progress resolving the issue. That last point being the most important. Once you know you have a problem, the most important thing you can do is keep your customers updated on the status and estimated time of restoration of services.

What this clearly points out is the weakness of the public Cloud. If you put all of your eggs in one basket and only run your systems in one public Cloud, an outage like this will cripple your business, at least for the time of the outage. The impact to your brand and success of your product and/or service could be immeasurable.

The only way to safeguard against this risk is with multi-provider redundancy. AWS and Microsofts Azure have established themselves as the market leaders. What if you could replicate your systems between both platforms, so that one could be your active, or primary, service and the other could be your passive, or secondary, service? If you build out network redundancy within just one provider, if that provider has an outage, both your primary and secondary systems could end up offline. If you ran each on a different service platform, you should be able to stay up and running through an outage at just a single provider.

With Internet enabled apps and services becoming more the norm than the exception, building out this type of redundancy becomes critical, quickly. The industry recognizes this and has coined the phrase Multi-Cloud Management. Basically, this means being able to configure, control and maintain mirrored infrastructures between two Cloud providers.

This concept is not dissimilar from redundancy within traditional on-premise infrastructures. In this example, companies would establish a primary server closet or data center and a redundant one elsewhere in the building or nearby. The point here is simply that the company controls the infrastructure and therefore the redundancy.

Multi-Cloud Management extends this to the public Cloud. As outlined above, this concept allows companies to establish their Cloud based infrastructures with market leaders like AWS or Azure and then properly maintain it. For those that find on-premise redundancy too expensive, this may provide a highly attractive alternative.

Of course, this all depends on having the right applications and/or services that are able to be moved to the public Cloud. If they are, how will you manage them in an efficient manner? All considerations for which you must develop a strategy.

The Cloud holds tremendous opportunity and if you were impacted by this weeks AWS outage, you understand how important redundancy is, both on-premise and in the Cloud.

MJ Shoer is Chief Technology Officer of Internet & Telephone, LLC, a provider of First Class Service for customers voice and data needs, with offices in Boston and Methuen, MA and Portsmouth, NH. He maintains a blog about business IT issues at http://www.mjshoer.com and may be reached at mshoer@itllc.net.

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Average Bitcoin Transaction Fee Has Exceeded $1 – The Merkle

The Bitcoin network has been congested for quite some time now, blocks have been full and the debate has been at a stalemate. As Bitcoins adoptions is rising, along with increased coverage in the media about the price breaking all time highs, the amount of transactions has been on the rise. This has contributed to an increase in the average fee paid as users need to pay more and more in order to get their transactions to confirm in a reasonable amount of time.

Developers and users have been long aware of the problem that faced Bitcoin when the amount of transactions exceeded the available space in the blocks. The mining fees will increase because more transactions are competing for the miners hash power.

While this is beneficial to miners, users have to pay higher transactions fees. That fee has been slowly rising until now, it finally has reached the levelof an old school financial institution. Checkout this chart that shows the rise of Bitcoin transaction fees over the past 2 months:

The good news is that SegWit activation is progressing alongas the current amount of nodes signaling it is hovering right around 30%. Furthermore, as the development of the Lightning network and other similar solutions progresses we may be able to fit much more transactions in the same amount of space.

If you liked this article, follow us on Twitter @themerklenews and make sure to subscribe to our newsletter to receive the latest bitcoin, cryptocurrency, and technology news.

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Top 5 Safe Bitcoin Wallets – The Merkle

The only way to properly store your bitcoin wealth is by using a safe wallet solution. It is hard to quantify what makes one wallet safer than the next, as users have their individual preferences and needs in this regard. However, there are some wallet solutions out there that take keeping funds safe to a whole new level.

On the software side of things, there are quite a few different bitcoin wallets to choose from. However, one of the primary wallets people use in this regard is Multibit, due to it being lightweight and easy to integrate with hardware solutions. Although Multibits interface looks rather traditional, the wallet receives regular updates to improve security. A convenient and secure software solution to store funds, that much is certain.

Any bitcoin wallet provider providing cold storage and multi-signature support deserves to be on the list of top secure bitcoin wallets. Armory checks the right boxes in this regard, as the software stores private keys in an offline computer. This makes it impossible to steal bitcoins, unless someone has access to the physical location of the computer. No one knows where this location may be, though. Moreover, giving users the chance to set up cold storage solutions themselves is a big bonus.

On the mobile front, there is a lot of competition for the crown of being the most secure wallet solutions available today. Mycelium has gotten a lot of support in this regard, as they are considered to be a must-have secure bitcoin storage application. Their HD wallet support, as well as an option to delete the private key from the device and integrate watch only accounts make Mycelium one of the top secure mobile bitcoin wallets.

Hardware bitcoin wallets have become quite popular over the past few years. That is only normal, as storing bitcoin in a secure manner becomes more important than ever. Hardware wallets are designed to facilitate secure funds storage, with quite a few companies launching their products in recent years. KeepKey is one of the top solutions in this regard, as the device requires users to manually approve every transaction. Moreover the device has PIN protection, adding an extra layer of security.

The Ledger line of hardware bitcoin wallets can not be ignored. The company prides itself on making affordable yet secure bitcoin wallet solutions. There is no reason to pay hundreds of dollars for a device when the same goal can be achieved with a device costing a fraction of the price. Dont let the cheap price fool you, though, as every one of Ledgers devices is more than capable of keeping your wealth safe.

All of Ledgers wallets come in the form of a USB-size, although there are minor differences between each type. The Ledger Nano S is by far the most popular hardware wallet, as it is capable of storing both Bitcoin and Ethereum. Moreover, users can complete wallet actions through the display on the device or by using the browser plugins. An affordable, robust, and secure line of products, that much is certain.

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Top 5 Safe Bitcoin Wallets - The Merkle

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