March 1, 2017 DNA double helix. Credit: public domain
Researchers from The University of Manchester have shown it is possible to build a new super-fast form of computer that "grows as it computes".
Professor Ross D King and his team have demonstrated for the first time the feasibility of engineering a nondeterministic universal Turing machine (NUTM), and their research is to be published in the prestigious Journal of the Royal Society Interface.
The theoretical properties of such a computing machine, including its exponential boost in speed over electronic and quantum computers, have been well understood for many years but the Manchester breakthrough demonstrates that it is actually possible to physically create a NUTM using DNA molecules.
"Imagine a computer is searching a maze and comes to a choice point, one path leading left, the other right," explained Professor King, from Manchester's School of Computer Science. "Electronic computers need to choose which path to follow first.
"But our new computer doesn't need to choose, for it can replicate itself and follow both paths at the same time, thus finding the answer faster.
"This 'magical' property is possible because the computer's processors are made of DNA rather than silicon chips. All electronic computers have a fixed number of chips.
"Our computer's ability to grow as it computes makes it faster than any other form of computer, and enables the solution of many computational problems previously considered impossible.
"Quantum computers are an exciting other form of computer, and they can also follow both paths in a maze, but only if the maze has certain symmetries, which greatly limits their use.
"As DNA molecules are very small a desktop computer could potentially utilize more processors than all the electronic computers in the world combined - and therefore outperform the world's current fastest supercomputer, while consuming a tiny fraction of its energy."
The University of Manchester is famous for its connection with Alan Turing - the founder of computer science - and for creating the first stored memory electronic computer.
"This new research builds on both these pioneering foundations," added Professor King.
Alan Turing's greatest achievement was inventing the concept of a universal Turing machine (UTM) - a computer that can be programmed to compute anything any other computer can compute. Electronic computers are a form of UTM, but no quantum UTM has yet been built.
DNA computing is the performing of computations using biological molecules rather than traditional silicon chips. In DNA computing, information is represented using the four-character genetic alphabet - A [adenine], G [guanine], C [cytosine], and T [thymine] - rather than the binary alphabet, which is a series of 1s and 0s used by traditional computers.
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More information: Currin, A., Korovin, K., Ababi, M., Roper, K., Kell, D.B., Day, P.J., King, R.D. (2017) Computing exponentially faster: Implementing a nondeterministic universal Turing machine using DNA. Journal of the Royal Society Interface. (in press). On Arxiv: arxiv.org/abs/1607.08078
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Just another form of efficient parallel processing
In wikipedia, you can look at "Biological computing" and "Amorphous Computing"
One can also look at the work of Pr. Andrew Adamatzky in reaction-diffusion computing & massive parallel computation
And at the work of MIT Amorphous Computing
And many others in the field of "Unconventional Computing" or "Unconventional Programming Paradigms"
Seems like we are just determined to create an all-powerful AI that sees us as either a nuisance or food.
What I get from this article is that I no longer need to tack on additional memory when the program needs more: it will do that on its own. This is absolutely wonderful!
A system like this could, theoretically, turn the entire cosmos into memory for certain algorithms and inputs, and still be nowhere near finished, but I assume we'd cut the machine's power supply long before that happened (that's also a solution to the all-powerful AI monster; Asimov's Three Laws of Robotics is another)...
Seems to me, implementing this won't be so easy, either in building the DNA or in creating an interface to it. And trying to simulate it with software using conventional computers means that you'll have to add processors and memory as it "grows".
Do they have any wetwear that can actually do this or is it just speculation on what one might be able to do if they did?
Our real universe with quantum mechanics replicating parallel universes is already such a growing endless computer experimenting all the possibilities with sosies of us living all the possibles lifes with the same past. DNA is not necessary, it is useful and easy because life use it to keep past memory.
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