Category Archives: Cloud Computing
VMware salaries revealed: How much the cloud computing firm is paying engineers, managers, and salespeople as it navigates a future without Dell -…
VMware
VMware is navigating a new future as a standalone company - and it's expanding its ranks to do so.
The cloud computing giant finalized its $9.6 billion spinout from parent company Dell this week, not long after new executives took the helm. VMware CEO Raghu Raghuram, who assumed the position in May, is aiming to generate more revenue by selling software-as-a-subscription and growing the company's security and edge computing units. VMware recently hired - and is continuing to hire - a slew of new engineers, salespeople, and analysts to execute that vision.
To find out how much VMware is paying new hires, Insider analyzed salaries of approved H-1B visas published by the US Office of Foreign Labor Certification. This data is drawn from 951 approved visa applications for VMware workers hired in the last 12 months.
The data comes with some caveats: It's based on pay to foreign workers whose visas were sponsored by VMware, and includes only base pay not total compensation, which can include bonuses or stock. However, it still provides a rare glimpse into salary ranges that are usually kept private.
A VMware spokesperson did not immediately respond to a request for comment.
Do you work at VMware? Got a tip? Contact this reporter securely via email at aholmes@businessinsider.com or via the encrypted-messaging app Signal at 706-347-1880 using a nonwork phone.
Courtesy of Comparably
Staff engineer 2 (California): $276,995
Staff engineer (California):$248,400
Staff engineer (Texas):$229,900
Staff engineer, VMware cloud (California):$225,000
Systems engineer (California):$185,000
Lead applications developer (California):$165,774
Member of technical staff (California):$160,000
Application support engineer (Georgia):$80,059
VMware
Lead application analyst (California):$188,020
Senior business systems analyst (California):$166,799
Advisory data analyst (California):$152,963
Business systems analyst (California):$150,000
Programmer analyst (Texas):$132,500
Business systems analyst (Texas):$95,716
VMware
Senior business strategy manager (California):$242,000
Service management business process architect (California):$167,360
Senior manager, advanced analytics and business intelligence (California):$159,411
Business systems analyst, finance (California):$150,000
IT business systems analyst (California): $146,000
Business and data analysis manager (Georgia):$100,000
Business system analyst (Texas):$95,716
VMWare; Samantha Lee/Insider
Senior director, experience platform and engineering (California):$310,000
Senior director (California): $296,707
Group manager, cloud products (California): $246,400
Senior manager, R&D (California):$245,057
Director of engineering (California):$241,920
Senior product line marketing manager (California):$240,000
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VMware salaries revealed: How much the cloud computing firm is paying engineers, managers, and salespeople as it navigates a future without Dell -...
IIT Jodhpur along with WileyNXT invites applications for its first-ever online PG Diploma with academic credits in Data Engineering and Cloud…
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New Delhi [India], November 10 (ANI/NewsVoir): Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur (IIT Jodhpur) along with its knowledge partner, WileyNXT, Wileys innovative bridge learning solution, has announced the launch of its first online Post Graduate Diploma Program in Data Engineering and Cloud Computing with academic credits.
For this exclusive, unique, and specialised PG Diploma by IIT-Jodhpur, Wiley is also facilitating Career Assurance Program for successful candidates. Post the completion of the program, Wiley will help these PG Diploma holders in finding relevant jobs. Developed by IIT Jodhpur in collaboration with Wiley Innovation Advisory Councils (WIAC) industry practitioners, the program is set to commence its first batch from December 5, 2021.
The 12-month live online IIT-Jodhpur PG Diploma program includes 600+ learning hours by the esteemed IIT Jodhpur faculty and practical sessions led by Wileys industry experts. The PGD program in Data Engineering & Cloud Computing is carefully designed for current as well as potential software and technology professionals aspiring for a high growth career in the domain. It aims to hone high-end demand skills like Big Data Engineering, Cloud Computing and Machine Learning along with tools and technologies like Python and SQL. In addition, the program also focuses on specialization such as retail and financial analytics.
The International Data Corporation (IDC) report states that Indian Public Cloud Services Market revenue is set to reach $9.5 billion by 2025, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 21.5 per cent. Another credible industry report states an increase in the salary of Data Engineers by 4.7%, from $113,249 in 2019 to $118,621 in 2020. For Cloud Engineers, there was a growth of 6.3% from 2019 to an average salary of $136,479. This unprecedented growth accounts for the increasing importance of data and cloud engineering roles.
Commenting on the launch Philip Kisray, SVP and GM, International Education, Wiley said, When it comes to innovation in education and research, Wiley has always been a leader leading from the forefront. With our esteemed partner IIT-Jodhpur, we are extremely delighted to have begun a revolution in the online education space by introducing our first online PG Diploma with academic credits. We are certain that this program will prove to be a great success among all our prospective learners and candidates.
Dr. Gaurav Bhatnagar, Associate Professor, Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur said, Industry experts suggest that for every 3 data scientists in an organisation, there is a need for 10 data engineers. Alongside, the businesses are increasingly depending on Cloud services and models and it is therefore that the IT sector is always on the lookout for competitive and specialised skills. Attuned to the market demand, we are happy to collaborate with our knowledge partner WileyNXT and launch an online PG Diploma with specialisation in Data Engineering and Cloud Computing. Given the benefits associated with the program such as academic credits and placements assurance, we are hopeful that the program will enable professionals to create a desired impact in their respective careers.
Dr. Dip Sankar Banerjee, Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur said, Data engineering and cloud computing are one of the most sought-after skills in the industry. In the current decade, data science and cloud computing has directly generated the highest number of jobs in the IT and services industry. However, there is a huge skill gap that persists amidst the existing workforce. With our exclusive and unique PG Diploma program powered by WileyNXT, we aim to contribute our bit in filling the gap by training skilled talent and providing assured placements to them. The main targets of the course will be to train the next generation of professionals in the necessary theoretical and hands on skills with sufficient emphasis on real world applications and problems.
Aspirants with a bachelors degree in engineering or science (4-year program) or a masters degree in science, MCA or in a related field with a minimum of 50% score/CGPA of 5.0 on a scale of 10 with corresponding proportional requirements are eligible for the course. Additionally, the applicant must have a minimum of 2 years of work experience (after qualifying degree) in industry/Research & Development laboratories/Academic Institutions.
IIT-Jodhpur & WileyNXT have begun inviting applications for the program and the deadline to apply is November 30, 2021. The competitive program has a rigorous screening process. Qualifying the written test conducted by IIT Jodhpur, or its appointed partner is a prerequisite to get enrolled in the program. On successful completion of the program, the candidates will be provided with a certification of Post Graduate Diploma by IIT Jodhpur and a digital certificate by WileyNXT.
For any further information on the Data Engineering & Cloud Computing program, click here.
Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur was established in 2008, to foster technology education and research in India. The institute is committed to technological thought and action to benefit the economic development of India. Scholarship in teaching and learning; Scholarship in research and creative accomplishments; and relevance to industry are three driving forces for us at IIT Jodhpur.
IIT Jodhpur functions from its sprawling residential Permanent Campus of 852 acres on National Highway 65, North-Northwest of Jodhpur towards Nagpur. This campus is meticulously planned and envisioned to stand as a symbol of academics. A large parcel of the Permanent Campus (of about 182 acres) is set aside for the development of a Technology Park to strengthen institute-industry interactions. The institute is committed to a multidisciplinary approach of technology development. Hence, it has established state-of-the-art laboratories for basic research and has organized its academic degree activities through Departments and its coordinated research through Centers for Technologies.
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LinkedIn: IITJodhpur
WileyNXT, is Wileys innovative learning solution built to bridge the skill gap. It offers professional learning and education programs in new and emerging technologies, which are relevant for todays workforce. WileyNXT programs are designed by Wiley Innovation Advisory Council (WIAC), a body comprising of 40+ industry and academia leaders.
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IIT Jodhpur along with WileyNXT invites applications for its first-ever online PG Diploma with academic credits in Data Engineering and Cloud...
Cloud computing | Shaping Europes digital future
The global data volume is growing very fast. Whereas cloud computing happens mostly in large data-centres today, by 2025 this trend will reverse: 80% of all data is expected to beprocessed in smart devices closer to the user, known as edge computing.
The availability ofboth edge and cloud computing isessential in a computing continuum to ensure that data isprocessed in the most efficient manner. Energy-efficient and trustworthy edge and cloud infrastructures will be fundamentalfor the sustainable use of edge and cloud computing technologies.
Cloud computing is a key objective to increase Europe's data sovereignty as outlined in the European CommissionsData Strategy,Digital Strategy,Industrial Strategyand theEU recovery plan.
The European Commission has launched aEuropean Alliance on Industrial Data, Edge and Cloud, which will feature the development of several work streams, related to key EU policy goals:
EU countrieshave signedajoint declaration on cloudwhere they expressed their will to collaborate towards the creation of a European cloud.
Other initiatives related tocloud computing are:
In parallel, cloud computing and edge computing will be among those digital technologies that will contribute to achieving the sustainability goals of the EuropeanGreen Dealin areas such as farming, mobility, buildings and manufacturing.
The European Union also supports the development of cloud computing in Europe with research and innovation actions under theHorizon 2020 programme.
EU-funded projects will work on novel solutions for federating cloud infrastructures. New cloud-based services will have to respond to high-standard requirements with regard to data protection, performance, resilience and energy-efficiency. The services and infrastructures will have to meet the future digitisation needs of industry and the public sector. Addressing these challenges will also be part of and contribute to the technological ambitions of theNext Generation Internet(NGI).
In addition, the EU intends to invest 2bn via theEuropean Data Strategyin a European High Impact Project that will federate energy-efficient and trustworthy cloud infrastructures and related services. Cloud technologies that have been developed within Horizon 2020-funded research and by market actors will be deployed via the Connecting Europe Facility 2 (for cloud infrastructures interconnection) and Digital Europe (for cloud-to-edge services and cloud marketplaces) Programme.
NIST Cloud Computing Program – NCCP | NIST
Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. This cloud model promotes availability and is composed of five essential characteristics (On-demand self-service, Broad network access, Resource pooling, Rapid elasticity, Measured Service); three service models (Cloud Software as a Service (SaaS), Cloud Platform as a Service (PaaS), Cloud Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)); and, four deployment models (Private cloud, Community cloud, Public cloud, Hybrid cloud). Key enabling technologies include: (1) fast wide-area networks, (2) powerful, inexpensive server computers, and (3) high-performance virtualization for commodity hardware.
The Cloud Computing model offers the promise of massive cost savings combined with increased IT agility. It is considered critical that government and industry begin adoption of this technology in response to difficult economic constraints. However, cloud computing technology challenges many traditional approaches to datacenter and enterprise application design and management. Cloud computing is currently being used; however, security, interoperability, and portability are cited as major barriers to broader adoption.
The long term goal is to provide thought leadership and guidance around the cloud computing paradigm to catalyze its use within industry and government. NIST aims to shorten the adoption cycle, which will enable near-term cost savings and increased ability to quickly create and deploy enterprise applications. NIST aims to foster cloud computing systems and practices that support interoperability, portability, and security requirements that are appropriate and achievable for important usage scenarios
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NIST Cloud Computing Program - NCCP | NIST
Home | Federal Cloud Computing Strategy
The 2019 Federal Cloud Computing Strategy Cloud Smart is a long-term, high-level strategy to drive cloud adoption in Federal agencies. This is the first cloud policy update in seven years, offering a path forward for agencies to migrate to a safe and secure cloud infrastructure. This new strategy will support agencies to achieve additional savings, security, and will deliver faster services.
"To keep up with the countrys current pace of innovation, President Trump has placed a significant emphasis on modernizing the Federal government. By updating an outdated policy, Cloud Smart embraces best practices from both the federal government and the private sector, ensuring agencies have capability to leverage leading solutions to better serve agency mission, drive improved citizen services and increase cyber security." Suzette Kent, Federal Chief Information Officer
The case for using cloud capabilities in government has been clearly proven to drive savings, to improve security, and to deliver mission-serving solutions faster.
Cloud Smart is about equipping agencies with the tools, knowledge, and flexibilities they need to move to cloud according to their mission needs.
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Home | Federal Cloud Computing Strategy
Cloud Computing Security | Trend Micro
Whether you are using cloud providers, such as AWS and Microsoft Azure, to host your sensitive applications and data or taking advantage of the speed that Microsoft Office 365, Dropbox, and other cloud software-as-a-service (SaaS) providers offer, you have a role to play in cloud security.
Cloud service and SaaS providers work hard to deliver a secure environment, but in the shared security responsibility model you are ultimately responsible for the data and workloads you put in the cloud. Whether its with additional security controls to meet internal or external compliance (e.g., PCI, HIPAA, NIST) requirements or protection against ransomware attacks (WannaCry and beyond), zero-day vulnerabilities, and other sophisticated attacksTrend Micro can help.
Workload security for AWS, Azure, and other cloud environments
No matter which cloud provider you use, you need additional protection for what you put IN the cloud. Trend Micro Deep Security, powered by XGen security uses a blend of cross-generational threat defense techniques to protect cloud workloads from breaches and accelerates compliance with:
Security for Microsoft Office 365 and other SaaS cloud applications
While Microsoft provides built-in anti-virus protection for Office 365, 90% of todays malware cant be detected by traditional anti-virus techniques. Thats why you need Trend Micro Cloud App Securitys advanced detection and prevention capabilities, including sandbox malware analysis, to stop ransomware and other threats.
Designed to protect SaaS applications, Cloud App Security can also protect cloud file sharing applications like Dropbox, Box, Google Drive, SharePoint Online, and many more from threats and data loss.
Cloud-based security intelligence
We pioneered the use of the cloud in the Trend Micro Smart Protection Network, efficiently analyzing 100TB of threat information daily to rapidly identify new threats. We then immediately distribute this intelligence to our market-leading security products to protect enterprises, small businesses, and consumers against the latest threats, including ransomware.
Security delivered as a service
Trend Micro provides organizations with the flexibility to choose software or, for a number of our security solutions, as-a-service approach. With a service model theres no setup or configuration required, and we handle all the infrastructure management and product updates for you.
Protect your assets in the cloud with a security solution delivered in the cloud. See Deep Security as a Service.
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Cloud Computing Security | Trend Micro
The global cloud computing market size is expected to grow from USD 445.3 billion in 2021 to USD 947.3 billion by 2026, at a Compound Annual Growth…
during the forecast period. Digital business transformation has entered a more challenging and urgency-driven phase due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Global giants are providing customers with cost-effective and productive digital solutions as every industry is economically hard-hit from the pandemic.
New York, Nov. 05, 2021 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Reportlinker.com announces the release of the report "Cloud Computing Market by Service, Deployment Model, Organization Size, Vertical And Region - Global Forecast to 2026" - https://www.reportlinker.com/p05749258/?utm_source=GNW The sudden shutdowns of offices, schools and enterprises have increased the demand for cloud solutions and services. The cloud market in verticals such as IT, telecom, BFSI, and media and entertainment has impacted positively due to the work from home initiative. Employees are using cloud collaboration platforms for communicating and consuming OTT streaming services heavily as they need to stay at home amidst lockdowns.
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) to help enterprises in enhancing infrastructure scalability and performanceIaaS enables enterprises to leverage their IT infrastructure without paying for the construction of the physical infrastructure.Moreover, it provides flexibility, mobility, easy, and scalable access to applications, and enhances collaboration to help enterprises focus on their core businesses.
The increasing internet access through smartphones and other devices has spurred the digitalization trend among enterprises that generate large volumes of business data daily.These factors have increased the enterprises concerns over losing the focus on core business operations and meeting the demand for clients.
IaaS helps in reducing the cost of deploying IT infrastructure, hardware, and in hiring skilled resources. These benefits, in turn, are expected to drive the adoption of IaaS.
Retail and consumer goods vertical to grow at the highest rate during the forecast periodThe retail and consumer goods vertical is one of the fastest-growing verticals with respect to the adoption of emerging and innovative technologies, such as cloud computing, big data analytics, DevOps, digital stores, and social networks.Various factors driving this adoption are the rising purchasing power of customers and the need to satisfy customer expectations leading to the existing customer retention and new customer acquisition.
Online retailing and cloud technologies have significantly disrupted the retail and consumer goods vertical leading to the adoption of cloud computing mainly for storage, backup, and security services.
North America to hold the largest market size and Asia Pacific (APAC) to grow at the highest rate during the forecast periodNorth America is the most mature market in terms of cloud computing services adoption, due to several factors, such as the presence of many enterprises with advanced IT infrastructure, and availability of technical expertise.APAC is expected to offer significant growth opportunities for cloud computing vendors during the forecast period.
Rapid advancements in emerging technologies, IT infrastructure services, and the Internet of Things (IoT) have led many organizations to adopt cloud computing services.In the process of determining and verifying the market size for several segments and subsegments gathered through secondary research, extensive primary interviews were conducted with the key people.
The breakup of the profiles of the primary participants as follows: By Company Type: Tier I: 19%, Tier II: 35%, and Tier III: 46% By Designation: C-Level: 33%, D-Level: 26%, and Others: 41% By Region: North America: 38%, Europe: 35%, APAC: 11%, and RoW: 16%
The report profiles the following key vendors:1. AWS (US)2. Microsoft (US)3. Google (US)4. Alibaba (China)5. SAP (Germany)6. IBM (US)7. Oracle (US)8. VMware (US)9. Rackspace (US)10. Salesforce (US)11. Adobe (US)12. CenturyLink (US)13. Fujitsu (Japan)14. Workday (US)15. Infor (US)16. Sage Group (UK)17. Intuit (US)18. Epicor (US)19. IFS (Sweden)20. ServiceNow (US)21. OpenText (US)22. Cisco (US)23. Box (US)24. Zoho (US)25. Citrix (US)26. Upland Software (US)27. DigitalOcean (US)28. Bluelock (US)29. OVH (France)30. Joyent (US)31. Skytap (US)32. Virtuestream (US)33. Tencent (China)34. DXC (US)35. NEC (Japan)36. Navisite (US)
Research CoverageThe report segments the global cloud computing market by service model, the cloud computing market has been segmented into IaaS, SaaS, and PaaS.The IaaS model has been further segmented into primary storage, disaster recovery and backup, archiving, and compute.
The PaaS model has been further segmented into application development and platforms, application testing and quality, analytics and reporting, integration and orchestration, and data management.The SaaS model is further categorized into Customer Relationship Management (CRM), Enterprise Resource Management (ERM), Human Capital Management (HCM), content management, collaboration and productivity suites, Supply Chain Management (SCM), and others.
By the deployment model, the cloud computing market has been segmented into a public cloud and private cloud.Based on organization size, the market has been classified into Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) and large enterprises.
By vertical, the cloud computing market has been classified into Banking, Financial Services and Insurance (BFSI); telecommunications; IT and Information Technology-enabled Services (ITeS); government and public sector; retail and consumer goods; manufacturing; healthcare and life sciences; media and entertainment; energy and utilities; and others (education, travel and hospitality, and transportation and logistics). By region, the market has been segmented into North America, Europe, APAC, MEA, and Latin America.
Key Benefits of Buying the ReportThe report will help the market leaders/new entrants in the cloud computing market with information on the closest approximations of the revenue numbers for the overall cloud computing market and the subsegments.The report will help stakeholders understand the competitive landscape and gain more insights to better position their businesses and to plan suitable go-to-market strategies.
The report also helps stakeholders understand the pulse of the market and provides them with information on key market drivers, restraints, challenges, opportunities, and COVID-19 impact.Read the full report: https://www.reportlinker.com/p05749258/?utm_source=GNW
About ReportlinkerReportLinker is an award-winning market research solution. Reportlinker finds and organizes the latest industry data so you get all the market research you need - instantly, in one place.
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The global cloud computing market size is expected to grow from USD 445.3 billion in 2021 to USD 947.3 billion by 2026, at a Compound Annual Growth...
Spotlight on FINRA’s latest report on cloud computing in the US securities industry – Lexology
The financial services landscape is constantly evolving. Amidst the mass change and disruption wrought by the pandemic, in tandem with meteoric rise of the crypto market, regulators around the world are introducing new waves of rules and regulation to keep up with the rate of change.
In October 2021, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) issued a new report on Cloud Computing in the Securities Industry, providing advice and regulatory considerations for the US securities industry. In response to this, NCC Group shared further recommendations, based on its expertize and work with businesses in the global financial industry.
What are the key takeaways from the report?
To mitigate the cybersecurity and lock-in risks associated with outsourcing cloud services to third-party vendors, and ultimately take advantage of advancements in cloud computing, FINRA encourages its member firms to:
How else can organizations take advantage of cloud computing?
The adoption of cloud, software and technology escrow solutions, using Resilience by Design principles, can help organizations to meet the financial systems increasing demand for risk management, business continuity and ongoing operational resilience. By focusing on resilience from the start, organizations will be well placed to meet evolving rules and regulation.
To identify supplier risk exhaustively, organizations face increasing costs, barriers to innovation, and potentially reduced access to financial services. For this reason, cloud, software and technology escrow solutions offer legal, technical and proportional assurance to organizations.
Under this approach, cloud supplier failure would be assumed by default, regardless of a third-partys risk profile. Cloud, software and technology escrow agreements, together with dry-run verification services, will help to mitigate against supplier failure and offers a minimum level of resilience that ensures continuity of services while alternative options are being implemented.
Firms should also perform a comprehensive assessment of threats, vulnerabilities, impact and likelihood of cybersecurity incident on at least an annual basis to maintain a current view of overall technology risk, including cloud solutions. While the standard disciplines for assessing, managing and mitigating risk related to services provided using cloud resources are the same as for traditional IT deployment models, the risks are not, and each organization should prioritize understanding their new unique risk profile.
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Spotlight on FINRA's latest report on cloud computing in the US securities industry - Lexology
Microsoft rolls out new tech to connect its cloud to rivals – Yahoo Finance
By Stephen Nellis
(Reuters) - Microsoft Corp on Tuesday announced a new round of technologies aimed at making its cloud computing services work in data centers it does not own - including the cloud data centers of its rivals.
The strategy, Microsoft executives and analysts say, has been key to the company's rise in the cloud computing infrastructure market, which research firm Gartner estimates hit $64.3 billion and where Microsoft is second only to market leader Amazon.com's Amazon Web Services. Microsoft last week said revenue from Azure, its flagship cloud offering, grew 48%, results that helped it overtake Apple Inc as the world's most valuable publicly traded company.
Microsoft's strategy has involved constructing its most lucrative cloud software services, such as database tools, so that they can run inside its own data centers, those owned by customers or even those of rivals like Amazon.
Microsoft's cloud and artificial intelligence chief Scott Guthrie told Reuters that the move has persuaded some customers to use its services when they cannot always use Microsoft's data centers. Royal Bank of Canada, Guthrie said, faces legal requirements to keep some of its computing work in its own data centers and uses a technology called Azure Arc to connect those facilities to Microsoft's cloud.
"The challenge with higher-level services historically has been the concern of 'lock in' - what happens if I can only use them in your data center?" Guthrie said. "That freedom of movement causes customers to feel much more comfortable using those services."
Ed Anderson, a vice president distinguished analyst with Gartner, said the approach does open doors for Microsoft with customers, but it also forces the company to compete on the quality of its software services rather than by packaging them with cheap computing power.
"To be honest, that's a better way to compete," Anderson said. "Customers are suspicious of rhetoric. They look for evidence of capabilities and are cautious of things where in principle technology is multi-cloud but maybe the software licensing doesn't support it."
(Reporting by Stephen Nellis in San Francisco)
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Microsoft rolls out new tech to connect its cloud to rivals - Yahoo Finance
Chicago on a Revenue Roll From Cloud and Netflix Taxes (1) – Bloomberg Tax
Chicagos bold decision in 2016 to tax two features of the digital economy is reaping significant rewards, while the citys more conventional tax programs languished during the pandemic.
Revenue from Chicagos one-of-a-kind tax on cloud computing is about four times what it was five years ago, bringing in nearly $120 million last year, according to figures provided to Bloomberg Tax by the citys Office of Budget and Management. The citys tax on streaming entertainment has more than tripled over that period as consumers ramped up their subscriptions to services such as Netflix for video, PlayStation for gaming, and Spotify for music. The city collected more than $30 million in taxes on streaming services for the current year.
The two taxes are small slivers of the $1.5 billion in local taxes projected for the city during FY 2022, but a rare bright spot across Chicagos menu of business, hotel, restaurant, recreation, phone and utility taxes, said Laurence Msall, president of the Civic Federation, a tax and fiscal policy think tank.
The so-called cloud tax and the Netflix tax were particularly effective revenue sources for Chicago during the pandemic, when collections linked to lodging, transportation, and conventions took a nosedive. The city deserves credit, Msall said, for developing innovative tax regimes addressing digitally delivered services despite statutory limitations.
Chicagos unique approach using a lease transaction tax and amusement tax has allowed it to tap into streams of revenue that wouldnt be accessible to a municipality when you consider the sales tax laws of Illinois, Msall said.
The Chicago Department of Finance startled many six years ago when it reinterpreted two long-standing tax programs. Under Ruling #12, the city expanded the Personal Property Lease Transaction Taxpreviously imposed on automobiles, business equipment, and other leased itemsto nonpossessory computer leases. The tax extends to a wide range of computing models including platform as a service (PaaS), infrastructure as a service (IaaS), and software as a service (SaaS).
The new tax, at 5.25%, took effect in 2016. The rate ramped to 7.25% in 2020 and 9% in 2021 as the city searched for additional tax dollars.
At the same time, the department issued Amusement Tax Ruling #5. While the city had for many years applied the 9% tax to tickets for recreational activities and theatrical performances, the ruling extended the levy to amusements that are delivered electronically.
While a handful of states and localities around the country have extended their sales taxes to cloud computing and streaming, Illinois law doesnt allow that application of sales taxes. Chicago used its substantial home rule authorities to find another way through lease and amusement taxes. That makes it the only large municipality with this approach.
Creativity is paying dividends, according to data provided by Chicagos Office of Budget & Management.
The Netflix tax netted $9.4 million in 2017, its first full year of service. Revenue climbed to $28.8 million in 2020. Collections for the year ending June 30, 2021 totaled $31.2 million. In total, 47 businesses are registered to collect and remit taxes on electronically delivered amusements.
The cloud tax netted $30.5 million in 2017, its first full year of service. Revenue growth has galloped since then at annual rates of more than 40%, bringing the city $73.7 million in 2020 and $117.2 million for 2021.
Rose Tibayan, a spokeswoman for the citys Office of Budget and Management, attributed the rapid growth to the two rate increases and climbing rates of compliance. In total, 1,098 businesses are remitting taxes on leases of cloud products.
Compliance with both taxes has accelerated due in part to Chicagos active enforcement efforts and a recent statement on economic nexus.
In January the Finance Department issued a bulletin saying it expects out-of-state companies doing business in Chicago and meeting new economic presence, or nexus, standards to fully comply with the two taxes on a prospective basis, beginning July 1. The bulletin included a legal analysis of the tax programs in the context of the U.S. Supreme Courts 2018 ruling in South Dakota v. Wayfair, which permitted states to impose tax collection obligations on remote retailers based on economic activity rather than physical presence.
The guidance also outlined a safe harbor for small businesses selling entertainment and computing services in Chicago. Businesses with less than $100,000 in revenue from Chicago customers during the previous year arent expected to comply.
Its too premature to forecast the full impact of the guidance, but the overall response has been positive and some businesses have, indeed, become more willing to come into compliance after reviewing the bulletin, Tibayan said in an email.
Even as collections and compliance ramp higher, both tax programs remain controversial. The Netflix tax has been stung with litigation since it was first imposed.
In 2015 a libertarian legal advocacy group known as the Liberty Justice Center challenged the tax on constitutional grounds on behalf of Chicago users of Netflix, Hulu, and Spotify. The Entertainment Software Association filed a similar challenge in 2017, but later dropped the litigation. Chicago survived the Liberty Justice Centers challenge, winning trial court and appeals court rulings. In March 2020 the Illinois Supreme Court declined to review the appeals court ruling, which found nothing improper in Chicagos program.
Despite this precedent, tech giant Apple Inc. is pushing hard in a separate challenge to the Netflix tax in Cook County Circuit Court. The next hearing in the case is tentatively slated for December on Chicagos petition for dismissal.
Sony Interactive Entertainment LLC, the gaming division of Sony Corp., objected to the tax on streaming services, claiming it lacked nexus with the city. The company ultimately surrendered and began collecting the tax in 2018. Sony also paid the city $1.2 million under the terms of a confidential settlement.
With respect to the cloud tax, Chicago has been particularly aggressive with its audits, initially focusing on vendors and later targeting consumers of cloud services, said David Hughes, a state and local tax partner with HMB Legal Counsel.
This is not a function of the fact that we happen to be a Chicago law firm and were seeing so many Chicago lease transaction tax audits, Hughes said. I think the city is just being really aggressive in enforcing this. Weve seen it in other jurisdictions, but not to this degree.
Despite the economic nexus bulletin, significant questions remain about Chicagos position on taxes and penalties for prior years. Those issues are frequently debated during audits and the citys views are being applied inconsistently, said Samantha Breslow, a state and local tax associate at HMB.
There is some question about whether a vendor with no physical presence in the city has or had an obligation to collect prior to July of this year and if they did, how far back does that collection obligation go, she said.
Chicagos deputy corporation counsel for tax Wes Hanscom said the safe harbor in the bulletin, waiving compliance for remote vendors with less than $100,000 in revenue from Chicago customers, resolved many of the concerns voiced by taxpayers in recent years.
With a safe harbor, we were basically saying If you are under that threshold, you dont have to worry about it and we dont have to worry about it, Hanscom said.
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Chicago on a Revenue Roll From Cloud and Netflix Taxes (1) - Bloomberg Tax