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As the world charges to vaccinate the population against the coronavirus, gene therapy developers are locked in a counterintuitive race. Instead of training the immune system to recognize and combat a virus, theyre trying to do the opposite: designing viruses the body has never seen, and cant fight back against.

Its OK, really: These are adeno-associated viruses, which are common and rarely cause symptoms. That makes them the perfect vehicle for gene therapies, which aim to treat hereditary conditions caused by a single faulty gene. But they introduce a unique challenge: Because these viruses already circulate widely, patients immune systems may recognize the engineered vectors and clobber them into submission before they can do their job.

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Scientists use machine learning to tackle a big challenge in gene therapy - STAT